{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:37:21Z","timestamp":1784734641459,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.90670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:38:01Z","timestamp":1755787081000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Histopathological Subtypes of Cutaneous Melanoma: Prognostic and Molecular Implications"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Hussein","family":"Qasim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abu Shugaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karis","family":"Khattab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo Luigi Giuseppe","family":"Leoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giustino","family":"Varrassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1349","article-title":"Cutaneous malignant melanoma: a review of early diagnosis and management","volume":"12","author":"Naik PP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naik PP. Cutaneous malignant melanoma: a review of early diagnosis and management. World J Oncol. 2021, 12:7-19. 10.14740\/wjon1349","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115881","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma: a review of multifactorial pathogenesis, immunohistochemistry, and emerging biomarkers for early detection and management","volume":"24","author":"Gosman LM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gosman LM, \u021a\u0103poi DA, Costache M. Cutaneous melanoma: a review of multifactorial pathogenesis, immunohistochemistry, and emerging biomarkers for early detection and management. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:15881. 10.3390\/ijms242115881","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2016.05.005","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation exposure and its impact on skin cancer risk","volume":"32","author":"Watson M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Watson M, Holman DM, Maguire-Eisen M. Ultraviolet radiation exposure and its impact on skin cancer risk. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2016, 32:241-54. 10.1016\/j.soncn.2016.05.005","journal-title":"Semin Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4092","article-title":"The state of melanoma: emergent challenges and opportunities","volume":"27","author":"Atkins MB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atkins MB, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Fisher DE, et al.. The state of melanoma: emergent challenges and opportunities. Clin Cancer Res. 2021, 27:2678-97. 10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4092","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9838410","article-title":"Essential components of melanoma histopathological reporting: the surgical oncologist's perspective","volume":"2018","author":"Nurdjaja V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nurdjaja V, Yozu M, Mathy JA. Essential components of melanoma histopathological reporting: the surgical oncologist's perspective. J Skin Cancer. 2018, 2018:9838410. 10.1155\/2018\/9838410","journal-title":"J Skin Cancer"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27953","article-title":"A review of melanoma subtypes: genetic and treatment considerations","volume":"131","author":"Druskovich C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Druskovich C, Kelley J, Aubrey J, Palladino L, Wright GP. A review of melanoma subtypes: genetic and treatment considerations. J Surg Oncol. 2025, 131:356-64. 10.1002\/jso.27953","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e328351fa4d","article-title":"A brief history of melanoma: from mummies to mutations","volume":"22","author":"Rebecca VW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rebecca VW, Sondak VK, Smalley KS. A brief history of melanoma: from mummies to mutations. Melanoma Res. 2012, 22:114-22. 10.1097\/CMR.0b013e328351fa4d","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081851","article-title":"Advances in melanoma: from genetic insights to therapeutic innovations","volume":"12","author":"Valdez-Salazar F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valdez-Salazar F, Jim\u00e9nez-Del Rio LA, Padilla-Guti\u00e9rrez JR, Valle Y, Mu\u00f1oz-Valle JF, Vald\u00e9s-Alvarado E. Advances in melanoma: from genetic insights to therapeutic innovations. Biomedicines. 2024, 12:1851. 10.3390\/biomedicines12081851","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Melanocytic tumour classification and the pathway concept of melanoma pathogenesis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melanocytic tumour classification and the pathway concept of melanoma pathogenesis. WHO Classification of Skin Tumours. Elder DE, Massi D, Scolyer RA, Willemze R (ed). IARC Publications, Lyon, France; 2018. 11:66-71."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000451","article-title":"NF1 mutations are common in desmoplastic melanoma","volume":"39","author":"Wiesner T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiesner T, Kiuru M, Scott SN, et al.. NF1 mutations are common in desmoplastic melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015, 39:1357-62. 10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000451","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9929.1000350","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy and personalized medicine: emerging technologies and biomarker-based approaches","volume":"8","author":"Maciejko L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maciejko L, Smalley M, Goldman A. Cancer immunotherapy and personalized medicine: emerging technologies and biomarker-based approaches. J Mol Biomark Diagn. 2017, 8:5. 10.4172\/2155-9929.1000350","journal-title":"J Mol Biomark Diagn"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-3509","article-title":"The prognostic utility of the histologic subtype of stage I lung adenocarcinoma may be diminished when using only the invasive component to determine tumor size for tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging","volume":"13","author":"Sung YE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung YE, Lee KY, Moon Y. The prognostic utility of the histologic subtype of stage I lung adenocarcinoma may be diminished when using only the invasive component to determine tumor size for tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging. J Thorac Dis. 2021, 13:2910-22. 10.21037\/jtd-20-3509","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.10.041","article-title":"Desmoplastic melanoma: a review","volume":"68","author":"Chen LL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen LL, Jaimes N, Barker CA, Busam KJ, Marghoob AA. Desmoplastic melanoma: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013, 68:825-33. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.10.041","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5213","article-title":"Melanoma subtypes: genomic profiles, prognostic molecular markers and therapeutic possibilities","volume":"247","author":"Rabbie R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rabbie R, Ferguson P, Molina-Aguilar C, Adams DJ, Robles-Espinoza CD. Melanoma subtypes: genomic profiles, prognostic molecular markers and therapeutic possibilities. J Pathol. 2019, 247:539-51. 10.1002\/path.5213","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa097","article-title":"Subtyping cutaneous melanoma matters","volume":"4","author":"El Sharouni MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"El Sharouni MA, van Diest PJ, Witkamp AJ, Sigurdsson V, van Gils CH. Subtyping cutaneous melanoma matters. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020, 4:pkaa097. 10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa097","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12475","article-title":"The state of melanoma: challenges and opportunities","volume":"29","author":"Merlino G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merlino G, Herlyn M, Fisher DE, et al.. The state of melanoma: challenges and opportunities. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2016, 29:404-16. 10.1111\/pcmr.12475","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"67 - Melanoma","author":"Swetter SM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Swetter SM, Kashani-Sabet M, Johannet P, Reddy SA, Phillips TL. 67 - Melanoma. Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology (Third Edition). Hoppe RT, Phillips TL, Roach M (ed): W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia; 2010. 1459-72."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1760759","article-title":"BRAF V600E mutations and beyond: a molecular perspective of melanoma from a tertiary cancer referral center of India","volume":"12","author":"Vengurlekar V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vengurlekar V, Shetty O, Gurav M, et al.. BRAF V600E mutations and beyond: a molecular perspective of melanoma from a tertiary cancer referral center of India. South Asian J Cancer. 2023, 12:359-70. 10.1055\/s-0043-1760759","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Melanoma: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic management","volume":"6","author":"Liu Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Y, Sheikh MS. Melanoma: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic management. Mol Cell Pharmacol. 2014, 6:228.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Malignant melanoma: a pictorial review","volume":"83","author":"McCourt C","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCourt C, Dolan O, Gormley G. Malignant melanoma: a pictorial review. Ulster Med J. 2014, 83:103-10.","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/583748","article-title":"From melanocyte to metastatic malignant melanoma","volume":"2010","author":"Bandarchi B","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bandarchi B, Ma L, Navab R, Seth A, Rasty G. From melanocyte to metastatic malignant melanoma. Dermatol Res Pract. 2010, 2010:583748. 10.1155\/2010\/583748","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3529-5","article-title":"Prognostic significance of BRAF and NRAS mutations in melanoma: a German study from routine care","volume":"17","author":"Heppt MV","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heppt MV, Siepmann T, Engel J, et al.. Prognostic significance of BRAF and NRAS mutations in melanoma: a German study from routine care. BMC Cancer. 2017, 17:536. 10.1186\/s12885-017-3529-5","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S224738","article-title":"Lentigo maligna: clinical presentation and appropriate management","volume":"13","author":"Iznardo H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iznardo H, Garcia-Melendo C, Y\u00e9lamos O. Lentigo maligna: clinical presentation and appropriate management. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020, 13:837-55. 10.2147\/CCID.S224738","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90282-1","article-title":"Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma","volume":"33","author":"Cohen LM","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cohen LM. Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995, 33:923-36. 10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90282-1","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7178305","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of lentigo maligna: clinical presentation and comprehensive review","volume":"2021","author":"Naik PP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naik PP. Diagnosis and management of lentigo maligna: clinical presentation and comprehensive review. J Skin Cancer. 2021, 2021:7178305. 10.1155\/2021\/7178305","journal-title":"J Skin Cancer"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-4235","article-title":"BRAF, C-KIT, and NRAS mutations correlated with different clinicopathological features: an analysis of 691 melanoma patients from a single center","volume":"10","author":"Ren M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren M, Zhang J, Kong Y, et al.. BRAF, C-KIT, and NRAS mutations correlated with different clinicopathological features: an analysis of 691 melanoma patients from a single center. Ann Transl Med. 2022, 10:31. 10.21037\/atm-21-4235","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010308.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna","volume":"2014","author":"Tzellos T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tzellos T, Kyrgidis A, Mocellin S, Chan AW, Pilati P, Apalla Z. Interventions for melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014, 2014:CD010308. 10.1002\/14651858.CD010308.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.02.010","article-title":"Acral lentiginous melanoma: incidence and survival in the United States, 2006-2015, an analysis of the SEER registry","volume":"251","author":"Huang K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang K, Fan J, Misra S. Acral lentiginous melanoma: incidence and survival in the United States, 2006-2015, an analysis of the SEER registry. J Surg Res. 2020, 251:329-39. 10.1016\/j.jss.2020.02.010","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12885","article-title":"Acral lentiginous melanoma: basic facts, biological characteristics and research perspectives of an understudied disease","volume":"34","author":"Basurto-Lozada P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Basurto-Lozada P, Molina-Aguilar C, Castaneda-Garcia C, et al.. Acral lentiginous melanoma: basic facts, biological characteristics and research perspectives of an understudied disease. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2021, 34:59-71. 10.1111\/pcmr.12885","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16227","article-title":"Acral lentiginous melanoma: a single-centre retrospective review of four decades in East-Central Europe","volume":"34","author":"Cs\u00e1nyi I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cs\u00e1nyi I, Houshmand N, Sz\u0171cs M, \u00d3csai H, Kem\u00e9ny L, Ol\u00e1h J, Balt\u00e1s E. Acral lentiginous melanoma: a single-centre retrospective review of four decades in East-Central Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020, 34:2004-10. 10.1111\/jdv.16227","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001367","article-title":"Atypical melanocytic proliferations: a review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Ensslin CJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ensslin CJ, Hibler BP, Lee EH, Nehal KS, Busam KJ, Rossi AM. Atypical melanocytic proliferations: a review of the literature. Dermatol Surg. 2018, 44:159-74. 10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001367","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03532-2","article-title":"Clinical features, molecular pathology, and immune microenvironmental characteristics of acral melanoma","volume":"20","author":"Gui J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gui J, Guo Z, Wu D. Clinical features, molecular pathology, and immune microenvironmental characteristics of acral melanoma. J Transl Med. 2022, 20:367. 10.1186\/s12967-022-03532-2","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20522","article-title":"Desmoplastic melanoma in Sweden in 2009-2022: a\u00a0population-based registry study demonstrating distinctive tumour characteristics, incidence and survival trends","volume":"00","author":"Girmay Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Girmay Y, Portelli F, Mikiver R, Lapins J, Isaksson K, Helgadottir H. Desmoplastic melanoma in Sweden in 2009-2022: a\u00a0population-based registry study demonstrating distinctive tumour characteristics, incidence and survival trends. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2025, 00:1-9. 10.1111\/jdv.20522","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-023-01536-y","article-title":"Top 10 differential diagnoses for desmoplastic melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Fernandez-Flores A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandez-Flores A, Singh R, Cassarino DS. Top 10 differential diagnoses for desmoplastic melanoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2023, 17:143-53. 10.1007\/s12105-023-01536-y","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31827a0b98","article-title":"SOX10 expression distinguishes desmoplastic melanoma from its histologic mimics","volume":"35","author":"Palla B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palla B, Su A, Binder S, Dry S. SOX10 expression distinguishes desmoplastic melanoma from its histologic mimics. Am J Dermatopathol. 2013, 35:576-81. 10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31827a0b98","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133527","article-title":"Lack of influence of non-overlapping mutations in BRAF, NRAS, or NF1 on 12-month best objective response and long-term survival after checkpoint inhibitor-based treatment for metastatic melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Panning A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panning A, Samlowski W, Allred G. Lack of influence of non-overlapping mutations in BRAF, NRAS, or NF1 on 12-month best objective response and long-term survival after checkpoint inhibitor-based treatment for metastatic melanoma. Cancers (Basel). 2023, 15:3527. 10.3390\/cancers15133527","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/mmt.15.41","article-title":"The role of radiation therapy in the management of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"3","author":"Kan CE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kan CE, Mansur DB. The role of radiation therapy in the management of cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Manag. 2016, 3:61-72. 10.2217\/mmt.15.41","journal-title":"Melanoma Manag"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.889223","article-title":"The spectrum of Spitz melanocytic lesions: from morphologic diagnosis to molecular classification","volume":"12","author":"Cheng TW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng TW, Ahern MC, Giubellino A. The spectrum of Spitz melanocytic lesions: from morphologic diagnosis to molecular classification. Front Oncol. 2022, 12:889223. 10.3389\/fonc.2022.889223","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.03.044","article-title":"Nevoid melanoma: dermoscopic and in\u00a0vivo reflectance confocal microscopic aspects in 4 cases","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00edn-Alcalde J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Alcalde J, Gamo-Villegas R, Florist\u00e1n-Muruz\u00e1bal MU, Pamp\u00edn-Franco A, Pinedo-Moraleda F, L\u00f3pez-Estebaranz JL. Nevoid melanoma: dermoscopic and in\u00a0vivo reflectance confocal microscopic aspects in 4 cases. JAAD Case Rep. 2021, 11:132-6. 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.03.044","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Primary mucosal melanomas: a comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Mihajlovic M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mihajlovic M, Vlajkovic S, Jovanovic P, Stefanovic V. Primary mucosal melanomas: a comprehensive review. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012, 5:739-53.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10121290","article-title":"Pigmented epithelioid melanocytomas and their mimics; focus on their novel molecular findings","volume":"10","author":"Bayraktar EC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayraktar EC, Jour G. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytomas and their mimics; focus on their novel molecular findings. Biology (Basel). 2021, 10:1290. 10.3390\/biology10121290","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology8010005","article-title":"Primary dermal melanoma: a rare clinicopathological variant mimicking metastatic melanoma","volume":"8","author":"Simonetti O","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simonetti O, Molinelli E, Brisigotti V, Brancorsini D, Talevi D, Offidani A. Primary dermal melanoma: a rare clinicopathological variant mimicking metastatic melanoma. Dermatopathology (Basel). 2021, 8:29-32. 10.3390\/dermatopathology8010005","journal-title":"Dermatopathology (Basel)"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.06.012","article-title":"Dermoscopic evaluation of superficial spreading melanoma","volume":"96","author":"Trindade FM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trindade FM, de Freitas ML, Bittencourt FV. Dermoscopic evaluation of superficial spreading melanoma. An Bras Dermatol. 2021, 96:139-47. 10.1016\/j.abd.2020.06.012","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2009.05.002","article-title":"Malignant melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Califano J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Califano J, Nance M. Malignant melanoma. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2009, 17:337-48. 10.1016\/j.fsc.2009.05.002","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-015-0012-9","article-title":"Reviewing challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo-maligna melanoma","volume":"3","author":"Juh\u00e1sz ML","year":"2015","unstructured":"Juh\u00e1sz ML, Marmur ES. Reviewing challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo-maligna melanoma. Rare Cancers Ther. 2015, 3:133-45. 10.1007\/s40487-015-0012-9","journal-title":"Rare Cancers Ther"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers2020642","article-title":"Acral lentiginous melanoma in situ: a diagnostic and management challenge","volume":"2","author":"Park HS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park HS, Cho KH. Acral lentiginous melanoma in situ: a diagnostic and management challenge. Cancers (Basel). 2010, 2:642-52. 10.3390\/cancers2020642","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15386\/mpr-2142","article-title":"The prognostic significance of the clinical and histological parameters in primary cutaneous melanoma patients","volume":"95","author":"Antohe M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antohe M, Coman A, Turcu G, et al.. The prognostic significance of the clinical and histological parameters in primary cutaneous melanoma patients. Med Pharm Rep. 2022, 95:229-35. 10.15386\/mpr-2142","journal-title":"Med Pharm Rep"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.115152","article-title":"European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: diagnostics - update 2024","volume":"215","author":"Garbe C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garbe C, Amaral T, Peris K, et al.. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: diagnostics - update 2024. Eur J Cancer. 2025, 215:115152. 10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.115152","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032521","article-title":"Prognostic model for predicting overall and cancer-specific survival among patients with superficial spreading melanoma: a SEER based study","volume":"101","author":"Ji Q","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ji Q, Tang J, Li S, Chen J. Prognostic model for predicting overall and cancer-specific survival among patients with superficial spreading melanoma: a SEER based study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022, 101:e32521. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000032521","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.9211","article-title":"Surgical margin of excision in basal cell carcinoma: a systematic review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Quazi SJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quazi SJ, Aslam N, Saleem H, Rahman J, Khan S. Surgical margin of excision in basal cell carcinoma: a systematic review of literature. Cureus. 2020, 12:e9211. 10.7759\/cureus.9211","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.04.004","article-title":"Melanoma: molecular genetics, metastasis, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and therapeutic resistance","volume":"9","author":"Wagstaff W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagstaff W, Mwamba RN, Grullon K, et al.. Melanoma: molecular genetics, metastasis, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis. 2022, 9:1608-23. 10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.04.004","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-021-03562-1","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with nodular melanoma","volume":"147","author":"Susok L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Susok L, St\u00fccker M, Bechara FG, Stockfleth E, Gambichler T. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with nodular melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2021, 147:2759-64. 10.1007\/s00432-021-03562-1","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the head and neck: a brief review of pathophysiology, current staging, and management","volume":"8","author":"Hasney C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hasney C, Butcher RB II, Amedee RG. Malignant melanoma of the head and neck: a brief review of pathophysiology, current staging, and management. Ochsner J. 2008, 8:181-5.","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0503","article-title":"Skin cancer epidemics in the elderly as an emerging issue in geriatric oncology","volume":"8","author":"Garcovich S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcovich S, Colloca G, Sollena P, et al.. Skin cancer epidemics in the elderly as an emerging issue in geriatric oncology. Aging Dis. 2017, 8:643-61. 10.14336\/AD.2017.0503","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Pathology of malignant melanoma","volume":"83","author":"Liu V","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu V, Mihm MC. Pathology of malignant melanoma. Surg Clin North Am. 2003, 83:31-60.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17030468","article-title":"Acral melanoma in skin of color: current insights and future directions: a narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Nadelmann ER","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nadelmann ER, Singh AK, Abbruzzese M, et al.. Acral melanoma in skin of color: current insights and future directions: a narrative review. Cancers (Basel). 2025, 17:468. 10.3390\/cancers17030468","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Desmoplastic melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Kordahi AM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kordahi AM, Elston JB, Robertson EM, Cruse CW. Desmoplastic melanoma. Eplasty. 2017, 17:ic23.","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61020289","article-title":"The impact of surgical margin distance on local recurrence and survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"61","author":"Yurtbay A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yurtbay A, Ayd\u0131n \u015eim\u015fek \u015e, Cengiz T, Bari\u015f YS, Say F, Dabak N. The impact of surgical margin distance on local recurrence and survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025, 61:289. 10.3390\/medicina61020289","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03553-z","article-title":"Clinical and histopathological characteristics of melanomas in Asians under age 40","volume":"15","author":"Yang HJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang HJ, Kim YJ, Na H, et al.. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of melanomas in Asians under age 40. Sci Rep. 2025, 15:21196. 10.1038\/s41598-025-03553-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/mmt.15.15","article-title":"Predicting the outcome of melanoma: can we tell the future of a patient's melanoma?","volume":"2","author":"Y\u00e9lamos O","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y\u00e9lamos O, Gerami P. Predicting the outcome of melanoma: can we tell the future of a patient's melanoma?. Melanoma Manag. 2015, 2:217-24. 10.2217\/mmt.15.15","journal-title":"Melanoma Manag"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S372287","article-title":"Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma: a review of the clinical, histologic, and molecular features associated with a clinically aggressive histologic phenotype","volume":"15","author":"Barricklow Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barricklow Z, DiVincenzo MJ, Angell CD, Carson WE. Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma: a review of the clinical, histologic, and molecular features associated with a clinically aggressive histologic phenotype. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022, 15:1743-57. 10.2147\/CCID.S372287","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5032","article-title":"Association of histologic regression with a favorable outcome in patients with stage 1 and stage 2 cutaneous melanoma","volume":"157","author":"El Sharouni MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"El Sharouni MA, Aivazian K, Witkamp AJ, et al.. Association of histologic regression with a favorable outcome in patients with stage 1 and stage 2 cutaneous melanoma. JAMA Dermatol. 2021, 157:166-73. 10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5032","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111589","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma, a clinical point of view","volume":"58","author":"Br\u0103ni\u015fteanu DE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Br\u0103ni\u015fteanu DE, Cozmin M, Porumb-Andrese E, et al.. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma, a clinical point of view. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022, 58:1589. 10.3390\/medicina58111589","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2018.1489246","article-title":"The eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system: implications for melanoma treatment and care","volume":"18","author":"Keung EZ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keung EZ, Gershenwald JE. The eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system: implications for melanoma treatment and care. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2018, 18:775-84. 10.1080\/14737140.2018.1489246","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.2289","article-title":"Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline","volume":"34","author":"Harris LN","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harris LN, Ismaila N, McShane LM, et al.. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016, 34:1134-50. 10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.2289","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw009","article-title":"Extracting genetic alteration information for personalized cancer therapy from ClinicalTrials.gov","volume":"23","author":"Xu J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu J, Lee HJ, Zeng J, et al.. Extracting genetic alteration information for personalized cancer therapy from ClinicalTrials.gov. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016, 23:750-7. 10.1093\/jamia\/ocw009","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2007.12.003","article-title":"Human cutaneous melanoma; a review of NRAS and BRAF mutation frequencies in relation to histogenetic subclass and body site","volume":"1","author":"Platz A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Platz A, Egyhazi S, Ringborg U, Hansson J. Human cutaneous melanoma; a review of NRAS and BRAF mutation frequencies in relation to histogenetic subclass and body site. Mol Oncol. 2008, 1:395-405. 10.1016\/j.molonc.2007.12.003","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2018-0017","article-title":"Prevalence of BRAF, NRAS and c-KIT mutations in Slovenian patients with advanced melanoma","volume":"52","author":"Moltara ME","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moltara ME, Novakovic S, Boc M, Bucic M, Rebersek M, Zadnik V, Ocvirk J. Prevalence of BRAF, NRAS and c-KIT mutations in Slovenian patients with advanced melanoma. Radiol Oncol. 2018, 52:289-95. 10.2478\/raon-2018-0017","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.11.017","article-title":"Genetic alterations in primary acral melanoma and acral melanocytic nevus in Korea: common mutated genes show distinct cytomorphological features","volume":"138","author":"Moon KR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moon KR, Choi YD, Kim JM, et al.. Genetic alterations in primary acral melanoma and acral melanocytic nevus in Korea: common mutated genes show distinct cytomorphological features. J Invest Dermatol. 2018, 138:933-45. 10.1016\/j.jid.2017.11.017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25187","article-title":"High response rate to PD-1 blockade in desmoplastic melanomas","volume":"553","author":"Eroglu Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eroglu Z, Zaretsky JM, Hu-Lieskovan S, et al.. High response rate to PD-1 blockade in desmoplastic melanomas. Nature. 2018, 553:347-50. 10.1038\/nature25187","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100165","article-title":"Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated metastatic melanomas masquerading as soft tissue sarcomas: mutational signature analysis and immunotherapy response","volume":"36","author":"Kasago IS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kasago IS, Chatila WK, Lezcano CM, et al.. Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated metastatic melanomas masquerading as soft tissue sarcomas: mutational signature analysis and immunotherapy response. Mod Pathol. 2023, 36:100165. 10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100165","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2020.100750","article-title":"Frequency and clinicopathological profile associated with BRAF mutations in patients with advanced melanoma in Spain","volume":"13","author":"Lopez-Martin JA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lopez-Martin JA, Arance Fern\u00e1ndez A, R\u00edos-Mart\u00edn JJ, et al.. Frequency and clinicopathological profile associated with BRAF mutations in patients with advanced melanoma in Spain. Transl Oncol. 2020, 13:100750. 10.1016\/j.tranon.2020.100750","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042308","article-title":"Assessment of RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway mutation status in healthy skin, benign nevi, and cutaneous melanomas: pilot study using droplet digital PCR","volume":"25","author":"Dobre EG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dobre EG, Nichita L, Popp C, Zurac S, Neagu M. Assessment of RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway mutation status in healthy skin, benign nevi, and cutaneous melanomas: pilot study using droplet digital PCR. Int J Mol Sci. 2024, 25:2308. 10.3390\/ijms25042308","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1758834015616934","article-title":"Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors for melanoma: latest evidence and place in therapy","volume":"8","author":"Eroglu Z","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eroglu Z, Ribas A. Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors for melanoma: latest evidence and place in therapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2016, 8:48-56. 10.1177\/1758834015616934","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S117121","article-title":"NRAS-mutant melanoma: current challenges and future prospect","volume":"10","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Couselo E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Couselo E, Adelantado EZ, Ortiz C, Garc\u00eda JS, Perez-Garcia J. NRAS-mutant melanoma: current challenges and future prospect. Onco Targets Ther. 2017, 10:3941-7. 10.2147\/OTT.S117121","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.116","article-title":"Correlation between KIT expression and KIT mutation in melanoma: a study of 173 cases with emphasis on the acral-lentiginous\/mucosal type","volume":"22","author":"Torres-Cabala CA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Torres-Cabala CA, Wang WL, Trent J, et al.. Correlation between KIT expression and KIT mutation in melanoma: a study of 173 cases with emphasis on the acral-lentiginous\/mucosal type. Mod Pathol. 2009, 22:1446-56. 10.1038\/modpathol.2009.116","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605635","article-title":"Clinical responses observed with imatinib or sorafenib in melanoma patients expressing mutations in KIT","volume":"102","author":"Handolias D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Handolias D, Hamilton AL, Salemi R, et al.. Clinical responses observed with imatinib or sorafenib in melanoma patients expressing mutations in KIT. Br J Cancer. 2010, 102:1219-23. 10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605635","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-019-00788-w","article-title":"KIT mutation incidence and pattern of melanoma in Central Europe","volume":"26","author":"Doma V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doma V, Barbai T, Beleaua MA, Kovalszky I, R\u00e1s\u00f3 E, T\u00edm\u00e1r J. KIT mutation incidence and pattern of melanoma in Central Europe. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020, 26:17-22. 10.1007\/s12253-019-00788-w","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.142","article-title":"The NF1 gene in tumor syndromes and melanoma","volume":"97","author":"Kiuru M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiuru M, Busam KJ. The NF1 gene in tumor syndromes and melanoma. Lab Invest. 2017, 97:146-57. 10.1038\/labinvest.2016.142","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6300329","article-title":"TERT promoter mutations and telomerase in melanoma","volume":"2022","author":"Guo Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Ma L, Jiang K, Yao G, Zhu L. TERT promoter mutations and telomerase in melanoma. J Oncol. 2022, 2022:6300329. 10.1155\/2022\/6300329","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.03.031","article-title":"Associations between TERT promoter mutations and survival in superficial spreading and nodular melanomas in a large prospective patient cohort","volume":"142","author":"Chang GA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang GA, Robinson E, Wiggins JM, et al.. Associations between TERT promoter mutations and survival in superficial spreading and nodular melanomas in a large prospective patient cohort. J Invest Dermatol. 2022, 142:2733-43.e9. 10.1016\/j.jid.2022.03.031","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133066","article-title":"GNAQ and GNA11 genes: a comprehensive review on oncogenesis, prognosis and therapeutic opportunities in uveal melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Silva-Rodr\u00edguez P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva-Rodr\u00edguez P, Fern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz D, Bande M, Pardo M, Loidi L, Blanco-Teijeiro MJ. GNAQ and GNA11 genes: a comprehensive review on oncogenesis, prognosis and therapeutic opportunities in uveal melanoma. Cancers (Basel). 2022, 14:3066. 10.3390\/cancers14133066","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0901a03","article-title":"Familial melanoma: diagnostic and management implications","volume":"9","author":"Rossi M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rossi M, Pellegrini C, Cardelli L, Ciciarelli V, Di Nardo L, Fargnoli MC. Familial melanoma: diagnostic and management implications. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2019, 9:10-6. 10.5826\/dpc.0901a03","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2954","article-title":"PTEN loss confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through the suppression of BIM expression","volume":"71","author":"Paraiso KH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paraiso KH, Xiang Y, Rebecca VW, et al.. PTEN loss confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through the suppression of BIM expression. Cancer Res. 2011, 71:2750-60. 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2954","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.044","article-title":"Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"161","author":"Akbani R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akbani R, Akdemir KC, Aksoy BA, et al.. Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma. Cell. 2015, 161:1681-96. 10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.044","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000377698","article-title":"Diagnostic immunohistochemistry in cutaneous neoplasia: an update","volume":"2","author":"Compton LA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Compton LA, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry in cutaneous neoplasia: an update. Dermatopathology (Basel). 2015, 2:15-42. 10.1159\/000377698","journal-title":"Dermatopathology (Basel)"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800516","article-title":"Unusual variants of malignant melanoma","volume":"19","author":"Magro CM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Magro CM, Crowson AN, Mihm MC. Unusual variants of malignant melanoma. Mod Pathol. 2006, 19:S41-70. 10.1038\/modpathol.3800516","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00603-8","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Tasdogan A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tasdogan A, Sullivan RJ, Katalinic A, et al.. Cutaneous melanoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2025, 11:23. 10.1038\/s41572-025-00603-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000097","article-title":"SOX10: a useful marker for identifying metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph nodes","volume":"23","author":"Willis BC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Willis BC, Johnson G, Wang J, Cohen C. SOX10: a useful marker for identifying metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph nodes. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2015, 23:109-12. 10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000097","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S49578","article-title":"Emerging clinical applications of selected biomarkers in melanoma","volume":"8","author":"Tetzlaff MT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tetzlaff MT, Torres-Cabala CA, Pattanaprichakul P, Rapini RP, Prieto VG, Curry JL. Emerging clinical applications of selected biomarkers in melanoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015, 8:35-46. 10.2147\/CCID.S49578","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-18-944","article-title":"Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) as a diagnostic and predictive marker in melanocytic tumors: an updated narrative review","author":"Salzano S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salzano S, Caltabiano R, Zanelli M, et al.. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) as a diagnostic and predictive marker in melanocytic tumors: an updated narrative review. Histol Histopathol. 2025, 18944. 10.14670\/HH-18-944","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-018-0659-8","article-title":"Ki-67: more than a proliferation marker","volume":"127","author":"Sun X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun X, Kaufman PD. Ki-67: more than a proliferation marker. Chromosoma. 2018, 127:175-86. 10.1007\/s00412-018-0659-8","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623309356449","article-title":"Useful immunohistochemical markers of tumor differentiation","volume":"38","author":"Painter JT","year":"2010","unstructured":"Painter JT, Clayton NP, Herbert RA. Useful immunohistochemical markers of tumor differentiation. Toxicol Pathol. 2010, 38:131-41. 10.1177\/0192623309356449","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.689938","article-title":"Neurofilament proteins as biomarkers to monitor neurological diseases and the efficacy of therapies","volume":"15","author":"Yuan A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan A, Nixon RA. Neurofilament proteins as biomarkers to monitor neurological diseases and the efficacy of therapies. Front Neurosci. 2021, 15:689938. 10.3389\/fnins.2021.689938","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2015.12.007","article-title":"Genomic aberrations in spitzoid melanocytic tumours and their implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy","volume":"48","author":"Wiesner T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiesner T, Kutzner H, Cerroni L, Mihm MC Jr, Busam KJ, Murali R. Genomic aberrations in spitzoid melanocytic tumours and their implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Pathology. 2016, 48:113-31. 10.1016\/j.pathol.2015.12.007","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology11010005","article-title":"Diagnosing cutaneous melanocytic tumors in the molecular era: updates and review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Huang C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang C, Lau TW, Smoller BR. Diagnosing cutaneous melanocytic tumors in the molecular era: updates and review of literature. Dermatopathology (Basel). 2024, 11:26-51. 10.3390\/dermatopathology11010005","journal-title":"Dermatopathology (Basel)"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1198099","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry in the pathologic diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms","volume":"14","author":"Crescenzi A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crescenzi A, Baloch Z. Immunohistochemistry in the pathologic diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023, 14:1198099. 10.3389\/fendo.2023.1198099","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091702","article-title":"Comparison of Next-Generation Sequencing and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Detection of Segmental Chromosomal Aberrations in Neuroblastoma","volume":"11","author":"Kim E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim E, Lee B, Lee JW, Sung KW, Kim JS. Comparison of Next-Generation Sequencing and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Detection of Segmental Chromosomal Aberrations in Neuroblastoma. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021, 11:1702. 10.3390\/diagnostics11091702","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030583","article-title":"The use of gene expression profiling and biomarkers in melanoma diagnosis and predicting recurrence: implications for surveillance and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Sun J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun J, Karasaki KM, Farma JM. The use of gene expression profiling and biomarkers in melanoma diagnosis and predicting recurrence: implications for surveillance and treatment. Cancers (Basel). 2024, 16:583. 10.3390\/cancers16030583","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10101940","article-title":"Recent advancements in emerging technologies for healthcare management systems: a survey","volume":"10","author":"Junaid SB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Junaid SB, Imam AA, Balogun AO, et al.. Recent advancements in emerging technologies for healthcare management systems: a survey. Healthcare (Basel). 2022, 10:1940. 10.3390\/healthcare10101940","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0252-y","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in digital pathology - new tools for diagnosis and precision oncology","volume":"16","author":"Bera K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bera K, Schalper KA, Rimm DL, Velcheti V, Madabhushi A. Artificial intelligence in digital pathology - new tools for diagnosis and precision oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019, 16:703-15. 10.1038\/s41571-019-0252-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216537","article-title":"Next-generation immunotherapy: advancing clinical applications in cancer treatment","volume":"13","author":"Garg P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garg P, Pareek S, Kulkarni P, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Next-generation immunotherapy: advancing clinical applications in cancer treatment. J Clin Med. 2024, 13:6537. 10.3390\/jcm13216537","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000999","article-title":"The role of wide local excision of a primary lesion in cutaneous malignant melanoma: a retrospective analysis of its usefulness in local and general control of disease","volume":"34","author":"Nacchiero E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nacchiero E, Giotta M, Robusto F, et al.. The role of wide local excision of a primary lesion in cutaneous malignant melanoma: a retrospective analysis of its usefulness in local and general control of disease. Melanoma Res. 2024, 34:519-27. 10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000999","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2024.108573","article-title":"Revisiting surgical margins for invasive breast cancer patients treated with breast conservation therapy - evidence for adopting a 1\u00a0mm negative width","volume":"50","author":"Rakha EA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rakha EA, Quinn C, Masannat YA, et al.. Revisiting surgical margins for invasive breast cancer patients treated with breast conservation therapy - evidence for adopting a 1\u00a0mm negative width. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2024, 50:108573. 10.1016\/j.ejso.2024.108573","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08558-8","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy for T1b melanoma: balancing prognostic value and cost","volume":"27","author":"Hu Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu Y, Briggs A, Gennarelli RL, Bartlett EK, Ariyan CE, Coit DG, Brady MS. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for T1b melanoma: balancing prognostic value and cost. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020, 27:5248-56. 10.1245\/s10434-020-08558-8","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02355","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma: final analysis of distant metastasis-free survival in the phase III KEYNOTE-716 study","volume":"42","author":"Luke JJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luke JJ, Ascierto PA, Khattak MA, et al.. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma: final analysis of distant metastasis-free survival in the phase III KEYNOTE-716 study. J Clin Oncol. 2024, 42:1619-24. 10.1200\/JCO.23.02355","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0337-7","article-title":"Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes a survival benefit with intratumoral and systemic immune responses in recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Cloughesy TF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cloughesy TF, Mochizuki AY, Orpilla JR, et al.. Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes a survival benefit with intratumoral and systemic immune responses in recurrent glioblastoma. Nat Med. 2019, 25:477-86. 10.1038\/s41591-018-0337-7","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30062-0","article-title":"Adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib versus placebo in patients with resected, BRAFV600-mutant, stage III melanoma (COMBI-AD): exploratory biomarker analyses from a randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"21","author":"Dummer R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dummer R, Brase JC, Garrett J, et al.. Adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib versus placebo in patients with resected, BRAFV600-mutant, stage III melanoma (COMBI-AD): exploratory biomarker analyses from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020, 21:358-72. 10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30062-0","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000990","article-title":"Real-world use and outcomes of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for adjuvant treatment of BRAF -mutated melanoma patients in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Chandrasekaran S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran S, Ling YL, Tang J. Real-world use and outcomes of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for adjuvant treatment of BRAF -mutated melanoma patients in the United States. Melanoma Res. 2024, 34:457-64. 10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000990","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30030239","article-title":"Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: an overview of treatment options","volume":"30","author":"Petrella F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Petrella F, Rizzo S, Attili I, et al.. Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: an overview of treatment options. Curr Oncol. 2023, 30:3160-75. 10.3390\/curroncol30030239","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000239","article-title":"CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways: similarities, differences, and implications of their inhibition","volume":"39","author":"Buchbinder EI","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buchbinder EI, Desai A. CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways: similarities, differences, and implications of their inhibition. Am J Clin Oncol. 2016, 39:98-106. 10.1097\/COC.0000000000000239","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.7836","article-title":"Imatinib for melanomas harboring mutationally activated or amplified KIT arising on mucosal, acral, and chronically sun-damaged skin","volume":"31","author":"Hodi FS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hodi FS, Corless CL, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al.. Imatinib for melanomas harboring mutationally activated or amplified KIT arising on mucosal, acral, and chronically sun-damaged skin. J Clin Oncol. 2013, 31:3182-90. 10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.7836","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30081731","article-title":"Molecular subtypes and targeted therapeutic strategies in small cell lung cancer: advances, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Huang D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang D, Wang J, Chen L, Jiang W, Inuzuka H, Simon DK, Wei W. Molecular subtypes and targeted therapeutic strategies in small cell lung cancer: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Molecules. 2025, 30:1731. 10.3390\/molecules30081731","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092362","article-title":"Uncommon subtypes of malignant melanomas: a review based on clinical and molecular perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Chac\u00f3n M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chac\u00f3n M, Pfluger Y, Angel M, Waisberg F, Enrico D. Uncommon subtypes of malignant melanomas: a review based on clinical and molecular perspectives. Cancers (Basel). 2020, 12:2362. 10.3390\/cancers12092362","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15245834","article-title":"Spitz tumors and melanoma in the genomic age: a retrospective look at Ackerman's conundrum","volume":"15","author":"Urso C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Urso C. Spitz tumors and melanoma in the genomic age: a retrospective look at Ackerman's conundrum. Cancers (Basel). 2023, 15:5834. 10.3390\/cancers15245834","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-024-00910-y","article-title":"Prognostic biomarkers in evolving melanoma immunotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Reschke R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reschke R, Enk AH, Hassel JC. Prognostic biomarkers in evolving melanoma immunotherapy. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2025, 26:213-23. 10.1007\/s40257-024-00910-y","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0244","article-title":"Tumor mutational burden as a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review of current evidence","volume":"25","author":"Klempner SJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klempner SJ, Fabrizio D, Bane S, et al.. Tumor mutational burden as a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review of current evidence. Oncologist. 2020, 25:e147-59. 10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0244","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2020.1724539","article-title":"Predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma","volume":"20","author":"Nebhan CA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nebhan CA, Johnson DB. Predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2020, 20:137-45. 10.1080\/14737140.2020.1724539","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"Using gene expression profiling to personalize skin cancer management","volume":"15","author":"LeQuang JA","year":"2022","unstructured":"LeQuang JA. Using gene expression profiling to personalize skin cancer management. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2022, 15:S3-S15.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1027664","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA detection in MRD assessment and diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Fang X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang X, Yu S, Jiang Y, Xiang Y, Lu K. Circulating tumor DNA detection in MRD assessment and diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol. 2022, 12:1027664. 10.3389\/fonc.2022.1027664","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091442","article-title":"Liquid biopsy as a new tool for diagnosis and monitoring in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Netti GS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Netti GS, De Luca F, Camporeale V, et al.. Liquid biopsy as a new tool for diagnosis and monitoring in renal cell carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2025, 17:1442. 10.3390\/cancers17091442","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154943","article-title":"Targeting mutations in cancer","volume":"132","author":"Waarts MR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waarts MR, Stonestrom AJ, Park YC, Levine RL. Targeting mutations in cancer. J Clin Invest. 2022, 132:e154943. 10.1172\/JCI154943","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2023.2300224","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment: shaping cancer progression and treatment response","volume":"37","author":"Desai SA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Desai SA, Patel VP, Bhosle KP, Nagare SD, Thombare KC. The tumor microenvironment: shaping cancer progression and treatment response. J Chemother. 2025, 37:15-44. 10.1080\/1120009X.2023.2300224","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14100741","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages: polarization, immunoregulation, and immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Saeed AF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saeed AF. Tumor-associated macrophages: polarization, immunoregulation, and immunotherapy. Cells. 2025, 14:741. 10.3390\/cells14100741","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1344272","article-title":"Overcoming cold tumors: a combination strategy of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"15","author":"Ouyang P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ouyang P, Wang L, Wu J, et al.. Overcoming cold tumors: a combination strategy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol. 2024, 15:1344272. 10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1344272","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06824-5","article-title":"Innovative organ-on-a-chip platforms for exploring tumorigenesis and therapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"23","author":"Lin C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin C, Zhang Z, Yang F, et al.. Innovative organ-on-a-chip platforms for exploring tumorigenesis and therapy in head and neck cancer. J Transl Med. 2025, 23:798. 10.1186\/s12967-025-06824-5","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celbio.2025.100099","article-title":"Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics unravel the complex interplay between the body and medical implants","volume":"1","author":"Farbehi N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Farbehi N, Alinejad-Rokny H, Chtanova T, Rnjak-Kovacina J. Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics unravel the complex interplay between the body and medical implants. Cell Biomaterials. 2025, 1:100099.","journal-title":"Cell Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-025-01856-6","article-title":"Epigenetic regulators combined with tumour immunotherapy: current status and perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Zhang H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang H, Pang Y, Yi L, Wang X, Wei P, Wang H, Lin S. Epigenetic regulators combined with tumour immunotherapy: current status and perspectives. Clin Epigenetics. 2025, 17:51. 10.1186\/s13148-025-01856-6","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1268479","article-title":"Advances in melanoma: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Waseh S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waseh S, Lee JB. Advances in melanoma: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prognosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023, 10:1268479. 10.3389\/fmed.2023.1268479","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2947001\/v1","article-title":"A population-level computational histologic signature for invasive breast cancer prognosis [PREPRINT]","author":"Amgad M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amgad M, Hodge J, Elsebaie M, et al.. A population-level computational histologic signature for invasive breast cancer prognosis [PREPRINT]. Res Sq. 2023, rs.3.rs-2947001. 10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2947001\/v1","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.675296","article-title":"The WHO 2018 classification of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms: suggestions from routine practice","volume":"11","author":"Ferrara G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrara G, Argenziano G. The WHO 2018 classification of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms: suggestions from routine practice. Front Oncol. 2021, 11:675296. 10.3389\/fonc.2021.675296","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.04.052","article-title":"Evaluation of the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH-Dx) classification scheme for diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms: results from the International Melanoma Pathology Study Group","volume":"75","author":"Lott JP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lott JP, Elmore JG, Zhao GA, et al.. Evaluation of the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH-Dx) classification scheme for diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms: results from the International Melanoma Pathology Study Group. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016, 75:356-63. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.04.052","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007930","article-title":"Genetic overlap between diagnostic subtypes of ischemic stroke","volume":"46","author":"Holliday EG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holliday EG, Traylor M, Malik R, et al.. Genetic overlap between diagnostic subtypes of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2015, 46:615-9. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007930","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e32834e6aa0","article-title":"Superficial spreading and nodular melanoma are distinct biological entities: a challenge to the linear progression model","volume":"22","author":"Greenwald HS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greenwald HS, Friedman EB, Osman I. Superficial spreading and nodular melanoma are distinct biological entities: a challenge to the linear progression model. Melanoma Res. 2012, 22:1-8. 10.1097\/CMR.0b013e32834e6aa0","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2011.03.002","article-title":"Evolving concepts in melanoma classification and their relevance to multidisciplinary melanoma patient care","volume":"5","author":"Scolyer RA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scolyer RA, Long GV, Thompson JF. Evolving concepts in melanoma classification and their relevance to multidisciplinary melanoma patient care. Mol Oncol. 2011, 5:124-36. 10.1016\/j.molonc.2011.03.002","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0282","article-title":"Radiation-induced sarcoma of the breast: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Sheth GR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheth GR, Cranmer LD, Smith BD, Grasso-Lebeau L, Lang JE. Radiation-induced sarcoma of the breast: a systematic review. Oncologist. 2012, 17:405-18. 10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0282","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.07.008","article-title":"Clinical and genetic analysis of melanomas arising in acral sites","volume":"119","author":"Zaremba A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaremba A, Murali R, Jansen P, et al.. Clinical and genetic analysis of melanomas arising in acral sites. Eur J Cancer. 2019, 119:66-76. 10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.07.008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2021.3971","article-title":"Distribution and clinical role of KIT gene mutations in melanoma according to subtype: a study of 492 Spanish patients","volume":"31","author":"Mill\u00e1n-Esteban D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mill\u00e1n-Esteban D, Garc\u00eda-Casado Z, Manrique-Silva E, et al.. Distribution and clinical role of KIT gene mutations in melanoma according to subtype: a study of 492 Spanish patients. Eur J Dermatol. 2021, 31:830-8. 10.1684\/ejd.2021.3971","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14050382","article-title":"The histomorphology to molecular transition: exploring the genomic landscape of poorly differentiated epithelial endometrial cancers","volume":"14","author":"Molefi T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Molefi T, Mabonga L, Hull R, Mwazha A, Sebitloane M, Dlamini Z. The histomorphology to molecular transition: exploring the genomic landscape of poorly differentiated epithelial endometrial cancers. Cells. 2025, 14:382. 10.3390\/cells14050382","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-025-03765-7","article-title":"Predictive factors and prognostic models for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review","volume":"23","author":"Lv X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv X, Zhang PB, Zhang EL, Yang S. Predictive factors and prognostic models for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review. World J Surg Oncol. 2025, 23:166. 10.1186\/s12957-025-03765-7","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0373-6","article-title":"Unusual clinical presentations of malignant melanoma: a review of clinical and histologic features with special emphasis on dermatoscopic findings","volume":"19","author":"Cabrera R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cabrera R, Recule F. Unusual clinical presentations of malignant melanoma: a review of clinical and histologic features with special emphasis on dermatoscopic findings. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018, 19:15-23. 10.1007\/s40257-018-0373-6","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.07.004","article-title":"Pan-cancer integrative histology-genomic analysis via multimodal deep learning","volume":"40","author":"Chen RJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen RJ, Lu MY, Williamson DF, et al.. Pan-cancer integrative histology-genomic analysis via multimodal deep learning. Cancer Cell. 2022, 40:865-878.e6. 10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.07.004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-024-00584-8","article-title":"Incorporation of \"artificial intelligence\" for objective pain assessment: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"El-Tallawy SN","year":"2024","unstructured":"El-Tallawy SN, Pergolizzi JV, Vasiliu-Feltes I, et al.. Incorporation of \"artificial intelligence\" for objective pain assessment: a comprehensive review. Pain Ther. 2024, 13:293-317. 10.1007\/s40122-024-00584-8","journal-title":"Pain Ther"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/398666-histopathological-subtypes-of-cutaneous-melanoma-prognostic-and-molecular-implications","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:38:04Z","timestamp":1755787084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/398666-histopathological-subtypes-of-cutaneous-melanoma-prognostic-and-molecular-implications"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":143,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.90670","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]}}}