{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T17:10:05Z","timestamp":1755969005751,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.90823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T16:48:07Z","timestamp":1755967687000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comprehensive Yogic Breathing Program: Evidence for Use in Medicine"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jyotsna P","family":"Viveka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(98)00029-9","article-title":"P300 amplitude and antidepressant response to Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY)","volume":"50","author":"Murthy PJNV","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murthy PJNV, Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Subbakrishna DK. P300 amplitude and antidepressant response to Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY). J Affect Disord. 1998, 50:45-8. 10.1016\/s0165-0327(98)00029-9","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_25_19","article-title":"High-frequency cerebral activation and interhemispheric synchronization following Sudarshan Kriya Yoga as global brain rhythms: the state effects","volume":"13","author":"Bhaskar L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhaskar L, Tripathi V, Kharya C, Kotabagi V, Bhatia M, Kochupillai V. High-frequency cerebral activation and interhemispheric synchronization following Sudarshan Kriya Yoga as global brain rhythms: the state effects. Int J Yoga. 2020, 13:130-6. 10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_25_19","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-009-0272-0","article-title":"Theta activity and meditative states: spectral changes during concentrative meditation","volume":"11","author":"Baijal S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baijal S, Srinivasan N. Theta activity and meditative states: spectral changes during concentrative meditation. Cogn Process. 2010, 11:31-8. 10.1007\/s10339-009-0272-0","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_171_21","article-title":"Effective stress management through meditation: an electroencephalograph-based study","volume":"15","author":"Daniel RV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daniel RV, Sharma G, Chandra S. Effective stress management through meditation: an electroencephalograph-based study. Int J Yoga. 2022, 15:45-51. 10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_171_21","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40708-016-0055-1","article-title":"Workload regulation by Sudarshan Kriya: an EEG and ECG perspective","volume":"4","author":"Chandra S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chandra S, Sharma G, Sharma M, Jha D, Mittal AP. Workload regulation by Sudarshan Kriya: an EEG and ECG perspective. Brain Inform. 2017, 4:13-25. 10.1007\/s40708-016-0055-1","journal-title":"Brain Inform"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6131.171715","article-title":"Effect of Sudarshan Kriya (meditation) on gamma, alpha, and theta rhythm during working memory task","volume":"9","author":"Chandra S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chandra S, Sharma G, Mittal AP, Jha D. Effect of Sudarshan Kriya (meditation) on gamma, alpha, and theta rhythm during working memory task. Int J Yoga. 2016, 9:72-6. 10.4103\/0973-6131.171715","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6131.205508","article-title":"Mental stress: neurophysiology and its regulation by Sudarshan Kriya Yoga","volume":"10","author":"Chandra S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chandra S, Jaiswal AK, Singh R, Jha D, Mittal AP. Mental stress: neurophysiology and its regulation by Sudarshan Kriya Yoga. Int J Yoga. 2017, 10:67-72. 10.4103\/0973-6131.205508","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134300","article-title":"EEG signal based classification before and after combined Yoga and Sudarshan Kriya","volume":"707","author":"Sharma H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma H, Raj R, Juneja M. EEG signal based classification before and after combined Yoga and Sudarshan Kriya. Neurosci Lett. 2019, 707:134300. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134300","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282f0d2d8","article-title":"Concentrative meditation enhances preattentive processing: a mismatch negativity study","volume":"18","author":"Srinivasan N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Srinivasan N, Baijal S. Concentrative meditation enhances preattentive processing: a mismatch negativity study. Neuroreport. 2007, 18:1709-12. 10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282f0d2d8","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.988021","article-title":"Quantitative electroencephalography interpretation of human brain activity after COVID-19 before and after Sudarshan Kriya Yoga","volume":"16","author":"Kopa\u0144ska M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kopa\u0144ska M, Kuduk B, \u0141agowska A, Mytych W, Muchacka R, Bana\u015b-Za Bczyk A. Quantitative electroencephalography interpretation of human brain activity after COVID-19 before and after Sudarshan Kriya Yoga. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022, 16:988021. 10.3389\/fnhum.2022.988021","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Effect of controlled breathing exercises on the psychological status and the cardiac autonomic tone: Sudarshan Kriya and Prana-Yoga","volume":"58","author":"Kharya C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kharya C, Gupta V, Deepak KK, Sagar R, Upadhyav A, Kochupillai V, Anand S. Effect of controlled breathing exercises on the psychological status and the cardiac autonomic tone: Sudarshan Kriya and Prana-Yoga. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014, 58:211-21.","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2016.0391","article-title":"Assessment of cardiac autonomic tone following long Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in art of living practitioners","volume":"23","author":"Bhaskar L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhaskar L, Kharya C, Deepak KK, Kochupillai V. Assessment of cardiac autonomic tone following long Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in art of living practitioners. J Altern Complement Med. 2017, 23:705-12. 10.1089\/acm.2016.0391","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6131.171718","article-title":"Improvements in well-being and vagal tone following a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop in young adults: two open-trial pilot studies","volume":"9","author":"Goldstein MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldstein MR, Lewis GF, Newman R, et al.. Improvements in well-being and vagal tone following a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop in young adults: two open-trial pilot studies. Int J Yoga. 2016, 9:20-6. 10.4103\/0973-6131.171718","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2020.1781867","article-title":"Improvements in well-being and cardiac metrics of stress following a yogic breathing workshop: Randomized controlled trial with active comparison","volume":"70","author":"Goldstein MR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldstein MR, Lewin RK, Allen JJ. Improvements in well-being and cardiac metrics of stress following a yogic breathing workshop: Randomized controlled trial with active comparison. J Am Coll Health. 2022, 70:918-28. 10.1080\/07448481.2020.1781867","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2023.100867","article-title":"Long Sudarshan Kriya Yoga enhances cardiovascular and respiratory synchronization: an observational study","volume":"15","author":"Chhabra D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chhabra D, Kharya C, PremKrishanan A, Singh P, Bhagat OL, Deepak KK, Kochupillai V. Long Sudarshan Kriya Yoga enhances cardiovascular and respiratory synchronization: an observational study. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2024, 15:100867. 10.1016\/j.jaim.2023.100867","journal-title":"J Ayurveda Integr Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.111645","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic function in patients with diabetes improves with practice of comprehensive yogic breathing program","volume":"17","author":"Jyotsna VP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jyotsna VP, Ambekar S, Singla R, et al.. Cardiac autonomic function in patients with diabetes improves with practice of comprehensive yogic breathing program. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013, 17:480-5. 10.4103\/2230-8210.111645","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.137499","article-title":"Completion report: effect of comprehensive Yogic breathing program on type 2 diabetes: a randomized control trial","volume":"18","author":"Jyotsna VP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jyotsna VP, Dhawan A, Sreenivas V, Deepak KK, Singla R. Completion report: effect of comprehensive Yogic breathing program on type 2 diabetes: a randomized control trial. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014, 18:582-4. 10.4103\/2230-8210.137499","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.017","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga improves cardiac autonomic control in patients with anxiety-depression disorders","volume":"214","author":"Toschi-Dias E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toschi-Dias E, Tobaldini E, Solbiati M, et al.. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga improves cardiac autonomic control in patients with anxiety-depression disorders. J Affect Disord. 2017, 214:74-80. 10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03886-3","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and heart rate variability improve in US veterans undergoing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: secondary exploratory analyses from a randomised controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Mathersul DC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mathersul DC, Dixit K, Schulz-Heik RJ, Avery TJ, Zeitzer JM, Bayley PJ. Emotion dysregulation and heart rate variability improve in US veterans undergoing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: secondary exploratory analyses from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022, 22:268. 10.1186\/s12888-022-03886-3","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Roles of meditation on alleviation of oxidative stress and improvement of antioxidant system","volume":"93 Suppl 6","author":"Mahagita C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mahagita C. Roles of meditation on alleviation of oxidative stress and improvement of antioxidant system. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010, 93 Suppl 6:S242-54.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients","volume":"55","author":"Agte VV","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agte VV, Jahagirdar MU, Tarwadi KV. The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011, 55:183-7.","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0511(03)00071-1","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya practitioners exhibit better antioxidant status and lower blood lactate levels","volume":"63","author":"Sharma H","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharma H, Sen S, Singh A, Bhardwaj NK, Kochupillai V, Singh N. Sudarshan Kriya practitioners exhibit better antioxidant status and lower blood lactate levels. Biol Psychol. 2003, 63:281-91. 10.1016\/s0301-0511(03)00071-1","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Rhythmic breathing: immunological, biochemical, and physiological effects on health","volume":"29","author":"Sharma P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma P, Thapliyal A, Chandra T, Singh S, Baduni H, Waheed SM. Rhythmic breathing: immunological, biochemical, and physiological effects on health. Adv Mind Body Med. 2015, 29:18-25.","journal-title":"Adv Mind Body Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-024-01452-0","article-title":"A feasibility (pilot) mixed methods study of an innovative non-pharmacological breath-based yoga and social-emotional intervention program in an at-risk youth sample in London, Canada","volume":"10","author":"Vasudev A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vasudev A, Ionson E, Sathiaselan J, et al.. A feasibility (pilot) mixed methods study of an innovative non-pharmacological breath-based yoga and social-emotional intervention program in an at-risk youth sample in London, Canada. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2024, 10:26. 10.1186\/s40814-024-01452-0","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.53978","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga breathing and a meditation program for burnout among physicians: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Korkmaz A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Korkmaz A, Bernhardsen GP, Cirit B, et al.. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga breathing and a meditation program for burnout among physicians: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024, 7:e2353978. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.53978","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001263","article-title":"Integrative treatment for substance use disorders: Improving outcomes through evidence-based practice of yoga-derived breathwork and meditation","volume":"18","author":"Krishnan A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krishnan A. Integrative treatment for substance use disorders: Improving outcomes through evidence-based practice of yoga-derived breathwork and meditation. J Addict Med. 2024, 18:103-9. 10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001263","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531221117637","article-title":"Positive psychological changes at high altitude shown by the low landers after the Yoga intervention-Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY)","volume":"30","author":"Gupta SJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta SJ, Pradhan B, Bhanushali D, Nitin Limaye RN. Positive psychological changes at high altitude shown by the low landers after the Yoga intervention-Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY). Ann Neurosci. 2023, 30:20-5. 10.1177\/09727531221117637","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20230321-01","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya meditation reduces substance abuse cravings and improves physical and emotional well-being of individuals with opioid use disorder: a pilot study","volume":"61","author":"Unudurthi SD","year":"2023","unstructured":"Unudurthi SD, Wright KD, Klimpel JM, Sud A, Tan A, Warren BJ. Sudarshan Kriya meditation reduces substance abuse cravings and improves physical and emotional well-being of individuals with opioid use disorder: a pilot study. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2023, 61:51-9. 10.3928\/02793695-20230321-01","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275774","article-title":"Virtually-delivered Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) for Canadian veterans with PTSD: a study protocol for a nation-wide effectiveness and implementation evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Ryk J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryk J, Simpson R, Hosseiny F, et al.. Virtually-delivered Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) for Canadian veterans with PTSD: a study protocol for a nation-wide effectiveness and implementation evaluation. PLoS One. 2022, 17:e0275774. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0275774","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056609","article-title":"Randomised clinical non-inferiority trial of breathing-based meditation and cognitive processing therapy for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans","volume":"12","author":"Bayley PJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bayley PJ, Schulz-Heik RJ, Tang JS, et al.. Randomised clinical non-inferiority trial of breathing-based meditation and cognitive processing therapy for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans. BMJ Open. 2022, 12:e056609. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056609","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2164957X221108376","article-title":"Valued living among veterans in breath-based meditation treatment or cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: exploratory outcome of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Schulz-Heik RJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schulz-Heik RJ, Lazzeroni LC, Hernandez B, et al.. Valued living among veterans in breath-based meditation treatment or cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: exploratory outcome of a randomized controlled trial. Glob Adv Health Med. 2022, 11:2164957X221108376. 10.1177\/2164957X221108376","journal-title":"Glob Adv Health Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04583-w","article-title":"Breath regulation and yogic exercise - an online therapy for calm and happiness (BREATH) for frontline hospital and long-term care home staff managing the COVID-19 pandemic: a structured summary of a study protocol for a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Lai KS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai KS, Watt C, Ionson E, et al.. Breath regulation and yogic exercise - an online therapy for calm and happiness (BREATH) for frontline hospital and long-term care home staff managing the COVID-19 pandemic: a structured summary of a study protocol for a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2020, 21:648. 10.1186\/s13063-020-04583-w","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.038","article-title":"Effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on anxiety, depression, and quality of\u00a0life in people with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study in Kuwait","volume":"13","author":"Shiju R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shiju R, Thomas D, Al Arouj M, Sharma P, Tuomilehto J, Bennakhi A. Effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on anxiety, depression, and quality of\u00a0life in people with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study in Kuwait. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019, 13:1995-9. 10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.038","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423619000045","article-title":"Evaluation of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention for patients with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders","volume":"20","author":"Hamilton-West K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamilton-West K, Pellatt-Higgins T, Sharief F. Evaluation of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention for patients with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2019, 20:e73. 10.1017\/S1463423619000045","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m10819","article-title":"A breathing-based meditation intervention for patients with major depressive disorder following inadequate response to antidepressants: a randomized pilot study","volume":"78","author":"Sharma A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma A, Barrett MS, Cucchiara AJ, Gooneratne NS, Thase ME. A breathing-based meditation intervention for patients with major depressive disorder following inadequate response to antidepressants: a randomized pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017, 78:e59-63. 10.4088\/JCP.16m10819","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.06.011","article-title":"Anti-anxiety efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in general anxiety disorder: a multicomponent, yoga based, breath intervention program for patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with or without comorbidities","volume":"184","author":"Doria S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doria S, de Vuono A, Sanlorenzo R, Irtelli F, Mencacci C. Anti-anxiety efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in general anxiety disorder: a multicomponent, yoga based, breath intervention program for patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with or without comorbidities. J Affect Disord. 2015, 184:310-7. 10.1016\/j.jad.2015.06.011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-7-43","article-title":"Wellness through a comprehensive yogic breathing program - a controlled pilot trial","volume":"7","author":"Kjellgren A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kjellgren A, Bood SA, Axelsson K, Norlander T, Saatcioglu F. Wellness through a comprehensive yogic breathing program - a controlled pilot trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007, 7:43. 10.1186\/1472-6882-7-43","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(99)00079-8","article-title":"Antidepressant efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in melancholia: a randomized comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine","volume":"57","author":"Janakiramaiah N","year":"2000","unstructured":"Janakiramaiah N, Gangadhar BN, Murthy PJNV, Harish MG, Subbakrishna DK, Vedamurthachar A. Antidepressant efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in melancholia: a randomized comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine. J Affect Disord. 2000, 57:255-9. 10.1016\/s0165-0327(99)00079-8","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_16_20","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga program in posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study","volume":"13","author":"Vasudev K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasudev K, Ionson E, Inam S, et al.. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga program in posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. Int J Yoga. 2020, 13:239-46. 10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_16_20","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1352.039","article-title":"Effect of rhythmic breathing (Sudarshan Kriya and Pranayam) on immune functions and tobacco addiction","volume":"1056","author":"Kochupillai V","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kochupillai V, Kumar P, Singh D, Aggarwal D, Bhardwaj N, Bhutani M, Das SN. Effect of rhythmic breathing (Sudarshan Kriya and Pranayam) on immune functions and tobacco addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005, 1056:242-52. 10.1196\/annals.1352.039","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2020-0172","article-title":"Effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) on daytime and situational sleep propensity in novice practitioners: a prospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Chaudhari KS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaudhari KS, Chaudhari SS, Rankhambe HB, Kochupillai V, Tiwari RR. Effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) on daytime and situational sleep propensity in novice practitioners: a prospective cohort study. J Complement Integr Med. 2020, 18:585-92. 10.1515\/jcim-2020-0172","journal-title":"J Complement Integr Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02240-9","article-title":"The association of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga frequency with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study from Singapore","volume":"25","author":"Sloan RA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sloan RA, Kanchibhotla D. The association of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga frequency with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study from Singapore. Sleep Breath. 2021, 25:1665-9. 10.1007\/s11325-020-02240-9","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.07.003","article-title":"Gene expression profiling in practitioners of Sudarshan Kriya","volume":"64","author":"Sharma H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma H, Datta P, Singh A, Sen S, Bhardwaj NK, Kochupillai V, Singh N. Gene expression profiling in practitioners of Sudarshan Kriya. J Psychosom Res. 2008, 64:213-8. 10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.07.003","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41377","article-title":"Effects of Sudarshan KriyaYoga and advanced meditation program on genetic expression of pro-inflammatory and antioxidants genes","volume":"15","author":"Bhaskar L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhaskar L, Kharya C, Debnath M, et al.. Effects of Sudarshan KriyaYoga and advanced meditation program on genetic expression of pro-inflammatory and antioxidants genes. Cureus. 2023, 15:e41377. 10.7759\/cureus.41377","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga promotes telomere elongation: a pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Mony V","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mony V, Subramanian S, Kanchibhotla D. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga promotes telomere elongation: a pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025, 31:6-11.","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061910","article-title":"Rapid gene expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes upon practice of a comprehensive yoga program","volume":"8","author":"Qu S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qu S, Olafsrud SM, Meza-Zepeda LA, Saatcioglu F. Rapid gene expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes upon practice of a comprehensive yoga program. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e61910. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0061910","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.95692","article-title":"Comprehensive yogic breathing program improves quality of life in patients with diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Jyotsna VP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jyotsna VP, Joshi A, Ambekar S, Kumar N, Dhawan A, Sreenivas V. Comprehensive yogic breathing program improves quality of life in patients with diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 16:423-8. 10.4103\/2230-8210.95692","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.154509","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga improves quality of life in healthy people living with HIV (PLHIV): results from an open label randomized clinical trial","volume":"141","author":"Mawar N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mawar N, Katendra T, Bagul R, et al.. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga improves quality of life in healthy people living with HIV (PLHIV): results from an open label randomized clinical trial. Indian J Med Res. 2015, 141:90-9. 10.4103\/0971-5916.154509","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14939","article-title":"Impact of yoga intervention on menopausal symptoms-specific quality of life and changes in hormonal level among menopausal women","volume":"47","author":"Swain D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Swain D, Nanda P, Das H. Impact of yoga intervention on menopausal symptoms-specific quality of life and changes in hormonal level among menopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021, 47:3669-76. 10.1111\/jog.14939","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6131.154075","article-title":"Effectiveness of yogic breathing intervention on quality of life of opioid dependent users","volume":"8","author":"Dhawan A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dhawan A, Chopra A, Jain R, Yadav D, Vedamurthachar. Effectiveness of yogic breathing intervention on quality of life of opioid dependent users. Int J Yoga. 2015, 8:144-7. 10.4103\/0973-6131.154075","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_117_21","article-title":"Impact of breathing and relaxation training (Sudarshan Kriya) on cases of alcohol dependence syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Yadav P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yadav P, Chatterjee K, Prakash J, Salhotra N, Chauhan VS, Srivastava K. Impact of breathing and relaxation training (Sudarshan Kriya) on cases of alcohol dependence syndrome. Ind Psychiatry J. 2021, 30:341-5. 10.4103\/ipj.ipj_117_21","journal-title":"Ind Psychiatry J"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27951","article-title":"An observational study on the effect of yoga and Sudarshan Kriya in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"14","author":"Verma MR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verma MR, Langade DG, Rao RD, Shivangi S, Khedkar S, Kanchibhotla D. An observational study on the effect of yoga and Sudarshan Kriya in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Cureus. 2022, 14:e27951. 10.7759\/cureus.27951","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.197323","article-title":"Effectiveness of yoga program in the management of diabetes using community health workers in the urban slums of Bangalore city: A non-randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Dasappa H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dasappa H, Fathima FN, Prabhakar R. Effectiveness of yoga program in the management of diabetes using community health workers in the urban slums of Bangalore city: A non-randomized controlled trial. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016, 5:619-24. 10.4103\/2249-4863.197323","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002289","article-title":"Effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) on the stress and self-esteem of medical doctors in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective analytical study","volume":"86","author":"Khadka B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khadka B, Dhakal B, Dhakal B, et al.. Effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) on the stress and self-esteem of medical doctors in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective analytical study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024, 86:4527-31. 10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002289","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.670227","article-title":"Alleviating work exhaustion, improving professional fulfillment, and influencing positivity among healthcare professionals during COVID-19: a study on Sudarshan Kriya Yoga","volume":"13","author":"Kanchibhotla D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanchibhotla D, Harsora P, Gupte P, Mehrotra S, Sharma P, Trehan N. Alleviating work exhaustion, improving professional fulfillment, and influencing positivity among healthcare professionals during COVID-19: a study on Sudarshan Kriya Yoga. Front Psychol. 2022, 13:670227. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.670227","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2164956120982956","article-title":"Impact of a Yogic breathing technique on the well-being of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Kanchibhotla D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanchibhotla D, Saisudha B, Ramrakhyani S, Mehta DH. Impact of a Yogic breathing technique on the well-being of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Adv Health Med. 2021, 10:2164956120982956. 10.1177\/2164956120982956","journal-title":"Glob Adv Health Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2025.100287","article-title":"Using hair biomarkers to examine social-emotional resilience in adolescence: a feasibility study","volume":"22","author":"Rovnaghi CR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rovnaghi CR, Gupta A, Ramsundarsingh S, et al.. Using hair biomarkers to examine social-emotional resilience in adolescence: a feasibility study. Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2025, 22:100287. 10.1016\/j.cpnec.2025.100287","journal-title":"Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13591045251315210","article-title":"Effect of yogic breathing practice on all-round well-being of teenagers","volume":"30","author":"Subramanian S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Subramanian S, Saisudha B, Kanchibhotla D. Effect of yogic breathing practice on all-round well-being of teenagers. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2025, 30:452-64. 10.1177\/13591045251315210","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.12317","article-title":"Breathing life into social emotional learning programs: a bio-psycho-social approach to risk reduction and positive youth development","volume":"96","author":"Newman RI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Newman RI, Yim O, Stewart MC. Breathing life into social emotional learning programs: a bio-psycho-social approach to risk reduction and positive youth development. J Adolesc. 2024, 96:1065-77. 10.1002\/jad.12317","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104164","article-title":"Influence of yogic breathing in increasing social connectedness among Indian adults","volume":"243","author":"Kanchibhotla D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kanchibhotla D, Harsora P, Subramanian S. Influence of yogic breathing in increasing social connectedness among Indian adults. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024, 243:104164. 10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104164","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1327119","article-title":"Examining the impact of a restorative breath-based intervention \"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga\" at work: a field experiment","volume":"15","author":"Chhajer R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chhajer R, Dagar C. Examining the impact of a restorative breath-based intervention \"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga\" at work: a field experiment. Front Psychol. 2024, 15:1327119. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1327119","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_102_20","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya Yoga: a breath of hope during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Zope SA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zope SA, Zope RA, Biri GA, Zope CS. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga: a breath of hope during COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Yoga. 2021, 14:18-25. 10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_102_20","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2005.11.189","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: part I-neurophysiologic model","volume":"11","author":"Brown RP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown RP, Gerbarg PL. Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: part I-neurophysiologic model. J Altern Complement Med. 2005, 11:189-201. 10.1089\/acm.2005.11.189","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2005.11.711","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya Yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression. Part II--clinical applications and guidelines","volume":"11","author":"Brown RP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown RP, Gerbarg PL. Sudarshan Kriya Yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression. Part II--clinical applications and guidelines. J Altern Complement Med. 2005, 11:711-7. 10.1089\/acm.2005.11.711","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Self - realization through through vedanta and yoga","volume":"3","author":"Motilal AJ","year":"1983","unstructured":"Motilal AJ. Self - realization through through vedanta and yoga. Anc Sci Life. 1983, 3:31-6.","journal-title":"Anc Sci Life"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_89_23","article-title":"Applying yogic knowledge to medical practice","volume":"16","author":"Beckman TJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beckman TJ. Applying yogic knowledge to medical practice. Int J Yoga. 2023, 16:140-2. 10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_89_23","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Art of Living (2024). (2025). Accessed. May 31, 2025: https:\/\/www.artofliving.org\/us-en\/gurudev\/wisdom\/layers-of-Existence."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/379674-a-comprehensive-yogic-breathing-program-evidence-for-use-in-medicine","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T16:48:09Z","timestamp":1755967689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/379674-a-comprehensive-yogic-breathing-program-evidence-for-use-in-medicine"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.90823","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]}}}