{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T11:10:02Z","timestamp":1756033802609,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.90865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T10:33:27Z","timestamp":1756031607000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-Term Efficacy of 2% Topical Diltiazem in Fissure in Ano: A Prospective Observational Study From a Tertiary Care Centre in a Sub-Himalayan Region in India"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Pangtey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divyanshu","family":"Ghildiyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13126-016-0278-x","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate vs. 2% diltiazem ointment in treatment of chronic anal fissure treatment - a randomized trial","volume":"88","author":"Bansal A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bansal A, Kumar Yadav P, Godara R, Pal N, Tripura R, Jaikaran. Comparative evaluation of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate vs. 2% diltiazem ointment in treatment of chronic anal fissure treatment - a randomized trial. Turk J Surg. 2016, 88:25-30. 10.1007\/s13126-016-0278-x","journal-title":"Turk J Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2009.09.002","article-title":"Anal fissure","volume":"90","author":"Herzig DO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herzig DO, Lu KC. Anal fissure. Surg Clin North Am. 2010, 90:33-44. 10.1016\/j.suc.2009.09.002","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-003-0430-2","article-title":"Anal fissure: the changing management of a surgical condition","volume":"390","author":"Acheson AG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Acheson AG, Scholefield JH. Anal fissure: the changing management of a surgical condition. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2005, 390:1-7. 10.1007\/s00423-003-0430-2","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-007-0355-9","article-title":"A review of chronic anal fissure management","volume":"11","author":"Collins EE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collins EE, Lund JN. A review of chronic anal fissure management. Tech Coloproctol. 2007, 11:209-23. 10.1007\/s10151-007-0355-9","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(08)60078-0","article-title":"Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of chronic anal fissure: an update","volume":"31","author":"Medhi B","year":"2008","unstructured":"Medhi B, Rao RS, Prakash A, Prakash O, Kaman L, Pandhi P. Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of chronic anal fissure: an update. Asian J Surg. 2008, 31:154-63. 10.1016\/S1015-9584(08)60078-0","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17511\/ijmrr.2016.i03.06","article-title":"Comparative study of topical diltiazem with lateral internal sphincterotomy in management of chronic anal fissure","volume":"4","author":"Gour R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gour R, Sharma J. Comparative study of topical diltiazem with lateral internal sphincterotomy in management of chronic anal fissure. Int J Med Res Rev. 2016, 4:319-23. 10.17511\/ijmrr.2016.i03.06","journal-title":"Int J Med Res Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.04.010","article-title":"Haemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, anal fissure, peri-anal fistulae and sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"23","author":"Felt-Bersma RJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Felt-Bersma RJ, Bartelsman JF. Haemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, anal fissure, peri-anal fistulae and sexually transmitted diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2009, 23:575-92. 10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.04.010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4155\/cli.14.86","article-title":"Topical diltiazem in management of chronic anal fissure: a review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Hadianamrei R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hadianamrei R. Topical diltiazem in management of chronic anal fissure: a review of the literature. Clin Investig (Lond). 2014, 4:923-34.","journal-title":"Clin Investig (Lond)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236630","article-title":"Topical diltiazem and bethanechol decrease anal sphincter pressure without side effects","volume":"45","author":"Carapeti EA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carapeti EA, Kamm MA, Evans BK, Phillips RK. Topical diltiazem and bethanechol decrease anal sphincter pressure without side effects. Gut. 1999, 45:719-22. 10.1007\/BF02236630","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-023-03411-3","article-title":"Use of the visual analogue scale for health state valuation: a scoping review","volume":"32","author":"\u00c5str\u00f6m M","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00c5str\u00f6m M, Thet Lwin ZM, Teni FS, Burstr\u00f6m K, Berg J. Use of the visual analogue scale for health state valuation: a scoping review. Qual Life Res. 2023, 32:2719-29. 10.1007\/s11136-023-03411-3","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2002.00376.x","article-title":"The role of topical diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissures that have failed glyceryl trinitrate therapy","volume":"4","author":"Griffin N","year":"2002","unstructured":"Griffin N, Acheson AG, Jonas M, Scholefield JH. The role of topical diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissures that have failed glyceryl trinitrate therapy. Colorectal Dis. 2002, 4:430-5. 10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2002.00376.x","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2002.00355.x","article-title":"Topical 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment for anal fissures: long-term efficacy in routine clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Jonas M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jonas M, Lund JN, Scholefield JH. Topical 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment for anal fissures: long-term efficacy in routine clinical practice. Colorectal Dis. 2002, 4:317-20. 10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2002.00355.x","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-014-1080-z","article-title":"Randomised prospective controlled trial of topical 2% diltiazem versus lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic fissure in ano","volume":"77","author":"Vaithianathan R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaithianathan R, Panneerselvam S. Randomised prospective controlled trial of topical 2% diltiazem versus lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic fissure in ano. Indian J Surg. 2015, 77:1484-7. 10.1007\/s12262-014-1080-z","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Sphincter-preserving therapy with topical 2% diltiazem for chronic anal fissure: our experience","volume":"4","author":"Swarnkar M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Swarnkar M, Bagasrawala S, Shinde RK, Jain SC. Sphincter-preserving therapy with topical 2% diltiazem for chronic anal fissure: our experience. J Krishna Inst Med Sci Univ. 2015, 4:36-41.","journal-title":"J Krishna Inst Med Sci Univ"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/jhp.2019.22","article-title":"Efficacy of a combination of herbal gel versus topical diltiazem (2%) in chronic anal fissure healing: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Tavakoli-Dastjerdi S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tavakoli-Dastjerdi S, Motavasselian M, Emami SA, Mansourian M, Sahebkar A, Teimouri A. Efficacy of a combination of herbal gel versus topical diltiazem (2%) in chronic anal fissure healing: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2019, 8:139-45. 10.15171\/jhp.2019.22","journal-title":"J Herbmed Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20191088","article-title":"Topical diltiazem versus topical glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Venkatesh S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venkatesh S, Kulkarni SB, Kruthi S. Topical diltiazem versus topical glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective comparative study. Int Surg J. 2019, 6:1127-30. 10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20191088","journal-title":"Int Surg J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20231962","article-title":"Management of chronic fissure in ano-lateral internal sphincterotomy versus 2% diltiazem gel local application: a prospective comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Kulkarni SB","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kulkarni SB, Naveen S, Muddebihal U. Management of chronic fissure in ano-lateral internal sphincterotomy versus 2% diltiazem gel local application: a prospective comparative study. Int Surg J. 2023, 10:1166-8. 10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20231962","journal-title":"Int Surg J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/mejdd.2024.383","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of effects of oral diltiazem and topical diltiazem (2%) ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective randomized study","volume":"16","author":"Sharma E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma E, Dugg P, Rani N, Pahuja V, Mittal SK, Rekhi HS. Comparative evaluation of effects of oral diltiazem and topical diltiazem (2%) ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective randomized study. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2024, 16:160-5. 10.34172\/mejdd.2024.383","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Topical diltiazem vs. topical glyceril trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"75","author":"Ala S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ala S, Saeedi M, Hadianamrei R, Ghorbanian A. Topical diltiazem vs. topical glyceril trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2012, 75:438-42.","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2001.01736.x","article-title":"Topical diltiazem ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure","volume":"88","author":"Knight JS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Knight JS, Birks M, Farouk R. Topical diltiazem ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg. 2001, 88:553-6. 10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2001.01736.x","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/mejdd.2023.330","article-title":"The effect of topical nifedipine versus diltiazem on the acute anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Momayez Sanat Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Momayez Sanat Z, Mohammadi Ganjaroudi N, Mansouri M. The effect of topical nifedipine versus diltiazem on the acute anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2023, 15:121-5. 10.34172\/mejdd.2023.330","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234624","article-title":"A randomized trial of oral vs. topical diltiazem for chronic anal fissures","volume":"44","author":"Jonas M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jonas M, Neal KR, Abercrombie JF, Scholefield JH. A randomized trial of oral vs. topical diltiazem for chronic anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001, 44:1074-8. 10.1007\/BF02234624","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/396081-short-term-efficacy-of-2-topical-diltiazem-in-fissure-in-ano-a-prospective-observational-study-from-a-tertiary-care-centre-in-a-sub-himalayan-region-in-india","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T10:33:27Z","timestamp":1756031607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/396081-short-term-efficacy-of-2-topical-diltiazem-in-fissure-in-ano-a-prospective-observational-study-from-a-tertiary-care-centre-in-a-sub-himalayan-region-in-india"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.90865","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]]}}}