{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T13:40:05Z","timestamp":1756647605587,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.91334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T13:14:52Z","timestamp":1756646092000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multisystem Light Chain Amyloidosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Htet Zaw","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kay Kay Khaing","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiraviyam","family":"Kandaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vui  H","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra023144","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of amyloidosis","volume":"349","author":"Merlini G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Merlini G, Bellotti V. Molecular mechanisms of amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2003, 349:583-96. 10.1056\/NEJMra023144","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.7614","article-title":"New criteria for response to treatment in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis based on free light chain measurement and cardiac biomarkers: impact on survival outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Palladini G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palladini G, Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, et al.. New criteria for response to treatment in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis based on free light chain measurement and cardiac biomarkers: impact on survival outcomes. J Clin Oncol. 2012, 30:4541-9. 10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.7614","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2025.01.025","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in tafamidis-treated transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a contemporary real-world analysis","volume":"13","author":"Chi KY","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chi KY, Varrias D, Borkowski P, et al.. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in tafamidis-treated transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a contemporary real-world analysis. JACC Heart Fail. 2025, 13:863-6. 10.1016\/j.jchf.2025.01.025","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.150.suppl_1.4143983","article-title":"Benefits and risks associated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in tafamidis-treated transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a real-world analysis","volume":"150","author":"Chi K-Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chi K-Y, Witteles RM, Cheng RK, et al.. Benefits and risks associated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in tafamidis-treated transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a real-world analysis. Circulation. 2024, 150:4143983. 10.1161\/circ.150.suppl_1.4143983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.08.041","article-title":"Incidence of AL amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1990 through 2015","volume":"94","author":"Kyle RA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Larson DR, Kurtin PJ, et al.. Incidence of AL amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1990 through 2015. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019, 94:465-71. 10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.08.041","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31436\/imjm.v9i2.724","article-title":"Primary systemic amyloidosis: a case report and review of clinical features","volume":"9","author":"Hu HQ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hu HQ, Wang SC, Cao X, Cao BZ. Primary systemic amyloidosis: a case report and review of clinical features. IIUM Med J Malaysia. 2010, 9:10.31436\/imjm.v9i2.724","journal-title":"IIUM Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13181\/mji.cr.247428","article-title":"Systemic amyloidosis following inflammatory bowel disease, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Sukrisman L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sukrisman L, Makmun D, Krisnuhoni E. Systemic amyloidosis following inflammatory bowel disease, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report. Med J Indones. 2024, 33:198-202. 10.13181\/mji.cr.247428","journal-title":"Med J Indones"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58837\/CHULA.CMJ.62.1.4","article-title":"Amyloidosis presenting with edema and heavy proteinuria: a case report","volume":"62","author":"Sangluthong L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sangluthong L, Insiripong S, Junmuenwai W. Amyloidosis presenting with edema and heavy proteinuria: a case report. Chulalongkorn Med J. 2023, 62:10.58837\/CHULA.CMJ.62.1.4","journal-title":"Chulalongkorn Med J"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Amyloidosis - a rare case report in Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Islam MS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam MS, Ahmed QMU, Masud AHM, Uddin MA. Amyloidosis - a rare case report in Bangladesh. Med Res Chron. 2024, 11:298-302.","journal-title":"Med Res Chron"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52852\/tcncyh.v154i6.770","article-title":"A case report of the first hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed in Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"Duong TA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duong TA, Nguyen NTL, Le MH. A case report of the first hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed in Vietnam. Tap Chi Nghien Cuu Y Hoc. 2022, 6:10.52852\/tcncyh.v154i6.770","journal-title":"Tap Chi Nghien Cuu Y Hoc"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases","volume":"32","author":"Kyle RA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Gertz MA. Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases. Semin Hematol. 1995, 32:45-59.","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018016402","article-title":"Epidemiology of AL amyloidosis: a real-world study using US claims data","volume":"2","author":"Quock TP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quock TP, Yan T, Chang E, Guthrie S, Broder MS. Epidemiology of AL amyloidosis: a real-world study using US claims data. Blood Adv. 2018, 2:1046-53. 10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018016402","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01274-X","article-title":"Systemic amyloidosis","volume":"387","author":"Wechalekar AD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN. Systemic amyloidosis. Lancet. 2016, 387:2641-54. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01274-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.57.121304.131243","article-title":"Amyloidosis","volume":"57","author":"Pepys MB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pepys MB. Amyloidosis. Annu Rev Med. 2006, 57:223-41. 10.1146\/annurev.med.57.121304.131243","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-230722","article-title":"Classification of amyloidosis by laser microdissection and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in clinical biopsy specimens","volume":"114","author":"Vrana JA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vrana JA, Gamez JD, Madden BJ, Theis JD, Bergen HR 3rd, Dogan A. Classification of amyloidosis by laser microdissection and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in clinical biopsy specimens. Blood. 2009, 114:4957-9. 10.1182\/blood-2009-07-230722","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000126569.75419.74","article-title":"Human amyloidogenic light chains directly impair cardiomyocyte function through an increase in cellular oxidant stress","volume":"94","author":"Brenner DA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brenner DA, Jain M, Pimentel DR, et al.. Human amyloidogenic light chains directly impair cardiomyocyte function through an increase in cellular oxidant stress. Circ Res. 2004, 94:1008-10. 10.1161\/01.RES.0000126569.75419.74","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12002","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes presenting with transient diffuse ST segment depression and ST segment elevation in lead aVR not caused by \"acute left main coronary artery occlusion\": description of two cases","volume":"18","author":"Kim E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim E, Birnbaum Y. Acute coronary syndromes presenting with transient diffuse ST segment depression and ST segment elevation in lead aVR not caused by \"acute left main coronary artery occlusion\": description of two cases. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013, 18:204-9. 10.1111\/anec.12002","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2023.101040","article-title":"State-of-the-art review on AL amyloidosis in Western Countries: epidemiology, health economics, risk assessment and therapeutic management of a rare disease","volume":"59","author":"Sabinot A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sabinot A, Ghetti G, Pradelli L, Bellucci S, Lausi A, Palladini G. State-of-the-art review on AL amyloidosis in Western Countries: epidemiology, health economics, risk assessment and therapeutic management of a rare disease. Blood Rev. 2023, 59:101040. 10.1016\/j.blre.2023.101040","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Serum Free Light Chain Analysis for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Future Research Needs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 73 [Internet]","author":"Rao M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rao M, Lamont JL, Chan J, et al.. Serum Free Light Chain Analysis for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Future Research Needs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 73 [Internet]. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US), Rockville, MD; 2012."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2007.01.002","article-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Rajkumar SV","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rajkumar SV, Lacy MQ, Kyle RA. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma. Blood Rev. 2007, 21:255-65. 10.1016\/j.blre.2007.01.002","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-2-200401200-00008","article-title":"High-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis: an 8-year study","volume":"140","author":"Skinner M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Skinner M, Sanchorawala V, Seldin DC, et al.. High-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis: an 8-year study. Ann Intern Med. 2004, 140:85-93. 10.7326\/0003-4819-140-2-200401200-00008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028631","article-title":"Daratumumab-based treatment for immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis","volume":"385","author":"Kastritis E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kastritis E, Palladini G, Minnema MC, et al.. Daratumumab-based treatment for immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2021, 385:46-58. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2028631","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004460","article-title":"Daratumumab plus CyBorD for patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: safety run-in results of ANDROMEDA","volume":"136","author":"Palladini G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palladini G, Kastritis E, Maurer MS, et al.. Daratumumab plus CyBorD for patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: safety run-in results of ANDROMEDA. Blood. 2020, 136:71-80. 10.1182\/blood.2019004460","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.03.029","article-title":"Serum cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: a staging system for primary systemic amyloidosis","volume":"22","author":"Dispenzieri A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, Kyle RA, et al.. Serum cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: a staging system for primary systemic amyloidosis. J Clin Oncol. 2004, 22:3751-7. 10.1200\/JCO.2004.03.029","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.5724","article-title":"Revised prognostic staging system for light chain amyloidosis incorporating cardiac biomarkers and serum free light chain measurements","volume":"30","author":"Kumar S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar S, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al.. Revised prognostic staging system for light chain amyloidosis incorporating cardiac biomarkers and serum free light chain measurements. J Clin Oncol. 2012, 30:989-95. 10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.5724","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-04-570127","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory predictors of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Heitink-Poll\u00e9 KM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heitink-Poll\u00e9 KM, Nijsten J, Boonacker CW, de Haas M, Bruin MC. Clinical and laboratory predictors of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood. 2014, 124:3295-307. 10.1182\/blood-2014-04-570127","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2020006913","article-title":"Management of AL amyloidosis in 2020","volume":"2020","author":"Palladini G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palladini G, Milani P, Merlini G. Management of AL amyloidosis in 2020. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020, 2020:363-71. 10.1182\/hematology.2020006913","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1549891","article-title":"The potential role of BCL-2 inhibition in amyloidosis and plasma cell leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Alvanidis G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alvanidis G, Kotsos D, Frouzaki C, Fola A, Hatjiharissi E. The potential role of BCL-2 inhibition in amyloidosis and plasma cell leukemia. Front Oncol. 2025, 15:1549891. 10.3389\/fonc.2025.1549891","journal-title":"Front Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/393892-multisystem-light-chain-amyloidosis-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-challenges","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T13:14:53Z","timestamp":1756646093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/393892-multisystem-light-chain-amyloidosis-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-challenges"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.91334","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]}}}