{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T17:40:21Z","timestamp":1756834821905,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.91486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T17:10:57Z","timestamp":1756833057000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Statins in Orthodontics: Pharmacological Modulation of Relapse and Tooth Movement"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Hamza","family":"Alasbily","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huda H","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayshan","family":"Kolemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alkaseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fardous","family":"Ali Fahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Albhbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Abdalrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2023.100274","article-title":"Effective techniques and emerging alternatives in orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Sangle R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sangle R, Parab M, Gujare A, Dhatrak P, Deshmukh S. Effective techniques and emerging alternatives in orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review. Med Nov Technol Devices. 2023, 20:100274. 10.1016\/j.medntd.2023.100274","journal-title":"Med Nov Technol Devices"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.05.022","article-title":"Scope and performance of artificial intelligence technology in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making - a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Khanagar SB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Vishwanathaiah S, et al.. Scope and performance of artificial intelligence technology in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making - a systematic review. J Dent Sci. 2021, 16:482-92. 10.1016\/j.jds.2020.05.022","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Complications and risks of orthodontic treatment","volume":"3","author":"G\u00f6k\u00e7e G","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00f6k\u00e7e G. Complications and risks of orthodontic treatment. Dent Med J. 2021, 3:38-51.","journal-title":"Dent Med J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4236\/oalib.1109374","article-title":"Diagnosis and orthodontic management of transposition: a review","volume":"9","author":"Sahim S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sahim S, Safi-Eddine Z, Aouame AE, Quars FE. Diagnosis and orthodontic management of transposition: a review. OALib. 2022, 9:1-14.","journal-title":"OALib"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/joddd.2021.017","article-title":"External apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment: incidence, severity and risk factors","volume":"15","author":"Bayir F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayir F, Bolat Gumus E. External apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment: incidence, severity and risk factors. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2021, 15:100-5. 10.34172\/joddd.2021.017","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2024.1365194","article-title":"Nociceptor mechanisms underlying pain and bone remodeling via orthodontic forces: toward no pain, big gain","volume":"5","author":"Wang S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, Ko CC, Chung MK. Nociceptor mechanisms underlying pain and bone remodeling via orthodontic forces: toward no pain, big gain. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2024, 5:1365194. 10.3389\/fpain.2024.1365194","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_269_24","article-title":"Evaluation of pain and discomfort associated with orthodontic adjustments","volume":"16","author":"Mohanty B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohanty B, Chekka M, Sowmya C, Khurana R, Manga UM, Varma Datla PK, Somaraj V. Evaluation of pain and discomfort associated with orthodontic adjustments. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024, 16:S2400-2. 10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_269_24","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2011.01.003","article-title":"Adverse effects of orthodontic treatment: a clinical perspective","volume":"23","author":"Talic NF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Talic NF. Adverse effects of orthodontic treatment: a clinical perspective. Saudi Dent J. 2011, 23:55-9. 10.1016\/j.sdentj.2011.01.003","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44514","article-title":"Temporary anchorage devices","volume":"15","author":"Baxi S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baxi S, Bhatia V, Tripathi A, Prasad Dubey M, Kumar P, Mapare S. Temporary anchorage devices. Cureus. 2023, 15:e44514. 10.7759\/cureus.44514","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Anchorage loss-a multifactorial response","volume":"73","author":"Geron S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Geron S, Shpack N, Kandos S, Davidovitch M, Vardimon AD. Anchorage loss-a multifactorial response. December. 2003, 73:730-7.","journal-title":"December"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32509\/mirshus.v4i2.97","article-title":"Relapse after orthodontic treatment","volume":"4","author":"Aurellia SC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aurellia SC, Dermawan TM, Akifah TF, Pakpahan EL. Relapse after orthodontic treatment. MIRSHuS. 2024, 4:238-50. 10.32509\/mirshus.v4i2.97","journal-title":"MIRSHuS"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61840","article-title":"Medications and orthodontic tooth movement: what accelerates and diminishes tooth movement?","volume":"16","author":"Alrehaili R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alrehaili R, Alhujaili A, Alharbi S, et al.. Medications and orthodontic tooth movement: what accelerates and diminishes tooth movement?. Cureus. 2024, 16:e61840. 10.7759\/cureus.61840","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2025.06.001","article-title":"Orthodontics and bisphosphonates: risks, limitations, and considerations: a narrative review","volume":"31","author":"Wilka L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wilka L, Vallejo GB, Miranda F, et al.. Orthodontics and bisphosphonates: risks, limitations, and considerations: a narrative review. Semin Orthod. 2025, 31:544-50. 10.1053\/j.sodo.2025.06.001","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.03.014","article-title":"Applications of metformin in dentistry-a review","volume":"18","author":"Hammad Uddin MK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hammad Uddin MK, Khan Sadiq MS, Ahmed A, et al.. Applications of metformin in dentistry-a review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2023, 18:1299-310. 10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.03.014","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115268","article-title":"Influence of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration on the outcomes of orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Khurshid Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khurshid Z, Asiri FY. Influence of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration on the outcomes of orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a systematic review. Appl Sci. 2021, 11:5268. 10.3390\/app11115268","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020214","article-title":"Potential benefits and risks associated with the use of statins","volume":"16","author":"Khatiwada N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khatiwada N, Hong Z. Potential benefits and risks associated with the use of statins. Pharmaceutics. 2024, 16:214. 10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020214","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02533-z","article-title":"The pharmacological bases for repurposing statins in depression: a review of mechanistic studies","volume":"13","author":"De Giorgi R","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Giorgi R, Rizzo Pesci N, Rosso G, Maina G, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. The pharmacological bases for repurposing statins in depression: a review of mechanistic studies. Transl Psychiatry. 2023, 13:253. 10.1038\/s41398-023-02533-z","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2020.183340","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins on brain cells","volume":"1862","author":"Sodero AO","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sodero AO, Barrantes FJ. Pleiotropic effects of statins on brain cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2020, 1862:183340. 10.1016\/j.bbamem.2020.183340","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174906","article-title":"Molecular targets of statins and their potential side effects: not all the glitter is gold","volume":"922","author":"Patel KK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel KK, Sehgal VS, Kashfi K. Molecular targets of statins and their potential side effects: not all the glitter is gold. Eur J Pharmacol. 2022, 922:174906. 10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174906","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54361\/ajmas.247344","article-title":"Metformin versus metformin plus statin effect on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"7","author":"Albarasi A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albarasi A, Alasbily H, Elawamy H, et al.. Metformin versus metformin plus statin effect on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences. 2024, 7:770-7. 10.54361\/ajmas.247344","journal-title":"AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165968","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins: a focus on cancer","volume":"1866","author":"Ahmadi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadi M, Amiri S, Pecic S, et al.. Pleiotropic effects of statins: a focus on cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2020, 1866:165968. 10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165968","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Statins in the treatment of oral diseases","volume":"71","author":"Suski P","year":"2025","unstructured":"Suski P, Bis E, Tokarczuk O, Siwek M, Thum-Tyzo K. Statins in the treatment of oral diseases. Pomeranian J Life Sci. 2025, 71:32-36.","journal-title":"Pomeranian J Life Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0789-2","article-title":"Efficacy of locally-delivered statins adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis: a Bayesian network analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cao R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao R, Li Q, Chen Y, Yao M, Wu Q, Zhou H. Efficacy of locally-delivered statins adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis: a Bayesian network analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2019, 19:105. 10.1186\/s12903-019-0789-2","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.21-0708","article-title":"Effect of locally applied simvastatin on clinical attachment level and alveolar bone in periodontal maintenance patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"93","author":"Killeen AC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Killeen AC, Krell LE, Bertels M, et al.. Effect of locally applied simvastatin on clinical attachment level and alveolar bone in periodontal maintenance patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2022, 93:1682-90. 10.1002\/JPER.21-0708","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17225441","article-title":"Simvastatin efficacy on endodontic biofilms: an in vitro study","volume":"17","author":"Ferrer-Luque CM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferrer-Luque CM, Hern\u00e1ndez M, Solana C, Ruiz-Linares M. Simvastatin efficacy on endodontic biofilms: an in vitro study. Materials (Basel). 2024, 17:5441. 10.3390\/ma17225441","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02326-8","article-title":"The effects of statins on dental and oral health: a review of preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"18","author":"Tahamtan S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tahamtan S, Shirban F, Bagherniya M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The effects of statins on dental and oral health: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Transl Med. 2020, 18:155. 10.1186\/s12967-020-02326-8","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.108953","article-title":"Use of statins in dental implantology and their impact on osseointegration: animal studies","author":"Katanec T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katanec T, Gabri\u0107 D. Use of statins in dental implantology and their impact on osseointegration: animal studies. Dosage Forms - Innovation and Future Perspectives. Ahmad U (ed): InTechOpen, London, UK; 2022. 10.5772\/intechopen.108953"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.69746","article-title":"Role of statins in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a literature review","volume":"16","author":"Kanabar SJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kanabar SJ, Shukla D, Bhola N, Agarwal A. Role of statins in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a literature review. Cureus. 2024, 16:e69746. 10.7759\/cureus.69746","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno2020021","article-title":"The immunomodulatory effects of statins on macrophages","volume":"2","author":"Sheridan A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sheridan A, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Gage MC. The immunomodulatory effects of statins on macrophages. Immuno. 2022, 2:317-43. 10.3390\/immuno2020021","journal-title":"Immuno"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6367402","article-title":"Contribution of statins towards periodontal treatment: a review","volume":"2019","author":"Petit C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petit C, Batool F, Bugueno IM, Schwint\u00e9 P, Benkirane-Jessel N, Huck O. Contribution of statins towards periodontal treatment: a review. Mediators Inflamm. 2019, 2019:6367402. 10.1155\/2019\/6367402","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgae024","article-title":"Regulatory impact of statins on macrophage polarization: mechanistic and therapeutic implications","volume":"76","author":"Sadeghi M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sadeghi M, Khayati S, Dehnavi S, Almahmeed W, Sukhorukovi VN, Sahebkar A. Regulatory impact of statins on macrophage polarization: mechanistic and therapeutic implications. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2024, 76:763-75. 10.1093\/jpp\/rgae024","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020211","article-title":"Statins directly influence the polarization of adipose tissue macrophages: a role in chronic inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Kauerova S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kauerova S, Bartuskova H, Muffova B, et al.. Statins directly influence the polarization of adipose tissue macrophages: a role in chronic inflammation. Biomedicines. 2021, 9:211. 10.3390\/biomedicines9020211","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051313","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of statins by modulating NRF2 and NRF2\/HO-1 signaling in different diseases","volume":"11","author":"Mansouri A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mansouri A, Reiner \u017d, Ruscica M, Tedeschi-Reiner E, Radbakhsh S, Bagheri Ekta M, Sahebkar A. Antioxidant effects of statins by modulating NRF2 and NRF2\/HO-1 signaling in different diseases. J Clin Med. 2022, 11:1313. 10.3390\/jcm11051313","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111841","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statins on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase","volume":"10","author":"Zinellu A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statins on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021, 10:1841. 10.3390\/antiox10111841","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i1.1","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cells: exploring the pleiotropic effects of statins","volume":"9","author":"Sandhu K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandhu K, Mamas M, Butler R. Endothelial progenitor cells: exploring the pleiotropic effects of statins. World J Cardiol. 2017, 9:1-13. 10.4330\/wjc.v9.i1.1","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122051","article-title":"Statin-induced nitric oxide signaling: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"8","author":"Gorabi AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Hajighasemi S, Banach M, Penson PE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Statin-induced nitric oxide signaling: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Clin Med. 2019, 8:2051. 10.3390\/jcm8122051","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.07.010","article-title":"Pleiotropic properties of statins via angiogenesis modulation in cardiovascular disease","volume":"27","author":"Zahedipour F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zahedipour F, Butler AE, Eid AH, Sahebkar A. Pleiotropic properties of statins via angiogenesis modulation in cardiovascular disease. Drug Discov Today. 2022, 27:103325. 10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.07.010","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020183","article-title":"Pravastatin promotes endothelial Colony-Forming cell function, angiogenic signaling and protein expression in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Meyer N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meyer N, Brodowski L, Richter K, von Kaisenberg CS, Schr\u00f6der-Heurich B, von Versen-H\u00f6ynck F. Pravastatin promotes endothelial Colony-Forming cell function, angiogenic signaling and protein expression in vitro. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:183. 10.3390\/jcm10020183","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042378","article-title":"Statins-their role in bone tissue metabolism and local applications with different carriers","volume":"25","author":"Granat MM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Granat MM, Eifler-Zydel J, Kolmas J. Statins-their role in bone tissue metabolism and local applications with different carriers. Int J Mol Sci. 2024, 25:2378. 10.3390\/ijms25042378","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13534","article-title":"The role of statins in the differentiation and function of bone cells","volume":"51","author":"Chamani S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chamani S, Liberale L, Mobasheri L, Montecucco F, Al-Rasadi K, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The role of statins in the differentiation and function of bone cells. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021, 51:e13534. 10.1111\/eci.13534","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3353\/omp.14.81","article-title":"Statins: candidates for promoting bone formation via BMP-2","volume":"14","author":"Mori M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mori M, Nishikawa T, Masuno K, Okamura T, Tanaka A, Shikimori M. Statins: candidates for promoting bone formation via BMP-2. Oral Med Pathol. 2010, 14:81-7. 10.3353\/omp.14.81","journal-title":"Oral Med Pathol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2016.00040","article-title":"p38 MAPK signaling in osteoblast differentiation","volume":"4","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carballo E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carballo E, G\u00e1mez B, Ventura F. p38 MAPK signaling in osteoblast differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2016, 4:40. 10.3389\/fcell.2016.00040","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1007399","article-title":"Use of statins after bone osteotomy and augmentation and their antibacterial effect: narrative review of literature","author":"Katanec T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Katanec T, Kuna T, Gabri\u0107 D. Use of statins after bone osteotomy and augmentation and their antibacterial effect: narrative review of literature. Osteotomy Essentials - From Basic Techniques to Advanced Practices. Zorzi AR (ed): IntechOpen, London, UK; 2024. 10.5772\/intechopen.1007399"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010089","article-title":"Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and activity by lipid metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Kim H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim H, Oh B, Park-Min KH. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and activity by lipid metabolism. Cells. 2021, 10:89. 10.3390\/cells10010089","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2015.244","article-title":"Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling during IL-1\u03b2-induced osteoclastogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Lee WS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee WS, Lee EG, Sung MS, Choi YJ, Yoo WH. Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling during IL-1\u03b2-induced osteoclastogenesis. Korean J Intern Med. 2018, 33:397-406. 10.3904\/kjim.2015.244","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14446","article-title":"Statins and oral biofilm: simvastatin as a promising drug to control periodontal dysbiosis","volume":"30","author":"Parolina de Carvalho RD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parolina de Carvalho RD, de Andrade Moreno J, Roque SM, et al.. Statins and oral biofilm: simvastatin as a promising drug to control periodontal dysbiosis. Oral Dis. 2024, 30:669-80. 10.1111\/odi.14446","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0179","article-title":"Effects of statins on multispecies oral biofilm identify simvastatin as a drug candidate targeting Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"90","author":"Kami\u0144ska M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kami\u0144ska M, Aliko A, Hellvard A, et al.. Effects of statins on multispecies oral biofilm identify simvastatin as a drug candidate targeting Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol. 2019, 90:637-46. 10.1002\/JPER.18-0179","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12060150","article-title":"The use of statins as an adjunctive periodontal disease treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Greethurst AR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greethurst AR, Galletti C, Lo Giudice R, et al.. The use of statins as an adjunctive periodontal disease treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent J (Basel). 2024, 12:150. 10.3390\/dj12060150","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13010182","article-title":"Subgingival delivery of statins as an adjunct in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Pietrzko MM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pietrzko MM, Pietrzko M, Niemczyk W, Skaba D, Wiench R. Subgingival delivery of statins as an adjunct in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review. Biomedicines. 2025, 13:182. 10.3390\/biomedicines13010182","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58332\/scirad2025v4i1a05","article-title":"Statins as potential therapy in periodontal diseases: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and challenges","volume":"2","author":"Alasbily H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alasbily H, Ghaith HM, Albarghathi S, et al.. Statins as potential therapy in periodontal diseases: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and challenges. Sci Rad. 2025, 2:76-93. 10.58332\/scirad2025v4i1a05","journal-title":"Sci Rad"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/092619-613.1","article-title":"Effect of pharmacological agents on relapse following orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies","volume":"90","author":"Veginadu P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Veginadu P, Tavva SR, Muddada V, Gorantla S. Effect of pharmacological agents on relapse following orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies. Angle Orthod. 2020, 90:598-606. 10.2319\/092619-613.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"The effect of statins on relapse after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review: statins and relapse after orthodontic treatment","volume":"8","author":"Afshari Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afshari Z, Shirban F, Tahamtan S, Rahimi A. The effect of statins on relapse after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review: statins and relapse after orthodontic treatment. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2021, 8:1903.","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/eos.2023.245026.1092","article-title":"The effect of atorvastatin on relapse after orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"65","author":"Abu-Bakr AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abu-Bakr AM, Nasef A, Mohammed MA, Ali SS, Mohamed KM. The effect of atorvastatin on relapse after orthodontic tooth movement. Egypt Orthod J. 2024, 65:68-90. 10.21608\/eos.2023.245026.1092","journal-title":"Egypt Orthod J"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14010430","article-title":"The impact of systemic simvastatin on bone remodeling following rapid maxillary expansion: an in vivo study","volume":"14","author":"Nascimento JR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nascimento JR, Lima I, Sartoretto SC, et al.. The impact of systemic simvastatin on bone remodeling following rapid maxillary expansion: an in vivo study. Appl Sci. 2024, 14:430. 10.3390\/app14010430","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12877","article-title":"Inhibition of orthodontic relapse by local application of simvastatin\u2010loaded gelatin hydrogel in a rabbit model","volume":"28","author":"Rosyida NF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rosyida NF, Ana ID, Pudyani PS, Nugroho AK. Inhibition of orthodontic relapse by local application of simvastatin\u2010loaded gelatin hydrogel in a rabbit model. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2025, 28:289-95. 10.1111\/ocr.12877","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2024.12.013","article-title":"Effect of nanoemulsion carbonated hydroxyapatite-statin administration on Acp 5 and Runx-2 expression during orthodontic relapse in rats","volume":"15","author":"Alhasyimi AA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alhasyimi AA, Rosyida NF, Ana ID. Effect of nanoemulsion carbonated hydroxyapatite-statin administration on Acp 5 and Runx-2 expression during orthodontic relapse in rats. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025, 15:129-35. 10.1016\/j.jobcr.2024.12.013","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2024.152132.3796","article-title":"Effects of local rosuvastatin\/hyaluronan hydrogel on post-orthodontic relapse reduction in rabbits: histological and immunohistochemical study","volume":"39","author":"Yaseen SN","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yaseen SN, Al\u2011Fakhry HH, Saleh MY. Effects of local rosuvastatin\/hyaluronan hydrogel on post-orthodontic relapse reduction in rabbits: histological and immunohistochemical study.  Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2025, 39:25-34. 10.33899\/ijvs.2024.152132.3796","journal-title":"Iraqi J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.07.025","article-title":"Simvastatin encapsulated in exosomes can enhance its inhibition of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"162","author":"Liu X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Muhammed FK, Liu Y. Simvastatin encapsulated in exosomes can enhance its inhibition of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022, 162:881-9. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.07.025","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy001","article-title":"Does common prescription medication affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement? A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Makrygiannakis MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makrygiannakis MA, Kaklamanos EG, Athanasiou AE. Does common prescription medication affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement? A systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2018, 40:649-59. 10.1093\/ejo\/cjy001","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.09.021","article-title":"Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and arrests tooth movement","volume":"153","author":"Dolci GS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dolci GS, Ballarini A, Gameiro GH, Onofre de Souza D, de Melo F, Fossati AC. Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and arrests tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018, 153:872-82. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.09.021","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.07.027","article-title":"Effect of local administration of simvastatin on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits","volume":"156","author":"AlSwafeeri H","year":"2019","unstructured":"AlSwafeeri H, ElKenany W, Mowafy M, Karam S. Effect of local administration of simvastatin on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019, 156:75-86. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.07.027","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16058","article-title":"Local delivery of simvastatin maintains tooth anchorage during mechanical tooth moving via anti-inflammation property and AMPK\/MAPK\/NF-kB inhibition","volume":"25","author":"Xu L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu L, Sun X, Zhu G, Mao J, Baban B, Qin X. Local delivery of simvastatin maintains tooth anchorage during mechanical tooth moving via anti-inflammation property and AMPK\/MAPK\/NF-kB inhibition. J Cell Mol Med. 2021, 25:333-44. 10.1111\/jcmm.16058","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104665","article-title":"Effect of statins on orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies","volume":"111","author":"Kommuri K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kommuri K, Javed F, Akram Z, Khan J. Effect of statins on orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Arch Oral Biol. 2020, 111:104665. 10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104665","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ajdr.2021.06","article-title":"The effect of statins on orthodontic tooth movements: a meta-analysis of animal studies","volume":"13","author":"Afshari Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afshari Z, Tahamtan S, Shirban F. The effect of statins on orthodontic tooth movements: a meta-analysis of animal studies. Avicenna J Dent Res. 2021, 13:28-37. 10.34172\/ajdr.2021.06","journal-title":"Avicenna J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04443-6","article-title":"Effect of simvastatin combined with photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and the expression of metalloproteinases and inhibitors\u00a0- an experimental study","volume":"40","author":"Fernandes MR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fernandes MR, Martinez EF, Teti G, Suzuki SS, Aranha AC. Effect of simvastatin combined with photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and the expression of metalloproteinases and inhibitors\u00a0- an experimental study. Lasers Med Sci. 2025, 40:191. 10.1007\/s10103-025-04443-6","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14092920","article-title":"The effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for orthodontic pain management on tooth movement: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Colceriu-\u0218imon IM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Colceriu-\u0218imon IM, Fe\u0219til\u0103 D, Emoke H, et al.. The effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for orthodontic pain management on tooth movement: a comprehensive review of the literature. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:2920. 10.3390\/jcm14092920","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Effects of COXIB in orthodontic tooth movement - a literature review","volume":"6","author":"Kumaran V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumaran V, Vignesh Prasad SM, Sasirekha, Sowmiya R, Sivaranjani S, Suganya. Effects of COXIB in orthodontic tooth movement - a literature review. IJRR. 2019, 6:73-82.","journal-title":"IJRR"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151585","article-title":"Impact of NSAID etoricoxib on side effects of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"232","author":"Kirschneck C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kirschneck C, Wolf F, Cieplik F, Blanck-Lubarsch M, Proff P, Schr\u00f6der A. Impact of NSAID etoricoxib on side effects of orthodontic tooth movement. Ann Anat. 2020, 232:151585. 10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151585","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37080","article-title":"Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and gastroprotective NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal tract: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Sohail R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sohail R, Mathew M, Patel KK, et al.. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and gastroprotective NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal tract: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023, 15:e37080. 10.7759\/cureus.37080","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46824","article-title":"Accelerated orthodontics: stepping into the future orthodontics","volume":"15","author":"Gabada D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gabada D, Reche A, Saoji KP, Deshmukh R, Rathi N, Mantri A. Accelerated orthodontics: stepping into the future orthodontics. Cureus. 2023, 15:e46824. 10.7759\/cureus.46824","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-4003.196814","article-title":"Corticosteroids in dentistry","volume":"8","author":"Bhanot R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhanot R, Mago J. Corticosteroids in dentistry. Indian J Dent Sci. 2016, 8:252-4.","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Sci"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_870_24","article-title":"Application of corticosteroids in dentistry: a review","volume":"16","author":"Satpathi S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Satpathi S, Rathod YV, Rajpari KN, Kandlikar R, Kumar YR, Gachake A, Surana P. Application of corticosteroids in dentistry: a review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024, 16:S3034-6. 10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_870_24","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11100239","article-title":"Efficacy\/safety of the use of glucocorticoids in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"11","author":"Nils HJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nils HJ, Arce Recatala C, Castano A, Ribas D, Flores-Fraile J. Efficacy\/safety of the use of glucocorticoids in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Dent J (Basel). 2023, 11:239. 10.3390\/dj11100239","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.01.005","article-title":"Chlorhexidine in dentistry: pharmacology, uses, and adverse effects","volume":"72","author":"Poppolo Deus F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Poppolo Deus F, Ouanounou A. Chlorhexidine in dentistry: pharmacology, uses, and adverse effects. Int Dent J. 2022, 72:269-77. 10.1016\/j.identj.2022.01.005","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Chlorhexidine: the gold standard antiplaque agent","volume":"5","author":"Balagopal S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balagopal S, Arjunkumar R. Chlorhexidine: the gold standard antiplaque agent. J Pharm Sci Res. 2013, 5: 270-4.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.26355","article-title":"Cytotoxicity evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate on human fibroblasts, myoblasts, and osteoblasts","volume":"3","author":"Liu JX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu JX, Werner J, Kirsch T, Zuckerman JD, Virk MS. Cytotoxicity evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate on human fibroblasts, myoblasts, and osteoblasts. J Bone Jt Infect. 2018, 3:165-72. 10.7150\/jbji.26355","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/405712-statins-in-orthodontics-pharmacological-modulation-of-relapse-and-tooth-movement","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T17:10:59Z","timestamp":1756833059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/405712-statins-in-orthodontics-pharmacological-modulation-of-relapse-and-tooth-movement"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.91486","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]}}}