{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:37:39Z","timestamp":1769283459716,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.92151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T15:37:51Z","timestamp":1757691471000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Group D Retinoblastoma at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Khawaja Muhammad Ammar Ali","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Vayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anum","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hanif","family":"Chatni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Retinoblastoma","author":"Kaur K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaur K, Patel BC. Retinoblastoma. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2025."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Retinoblastoma in Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Bhurgri Y","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bhurgri Y, Muzaffar S, Ahmed R, et al.. Retinoblastoma in Karachi, Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2004, 5:159-63.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.6716","article-title":"Global retinoblastoma presentation and analysis by national income level","volume":"6","author":"Fabian ID","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, et al.. Global retinoblastoma presentation and analysis by national income level. JAMA Oncol. 2020, 6:685-95. 10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.6716","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.018","article-title":"The International Classification of Retinoblastoma predicts chemoreduction success","volume":"113","author":"Shields CL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Au AK, Czyz C, Leahey A, Meadows AT, Shields JA. The International Classification of Retinoblastoma predicts chemoreduction success. Ophthalmology. 2006, 113:2276-80. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2004.11.003","article-title":"Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for a new group classification","volume":"18","author":"Linn Murphree A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Linn Murphree A. Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for a new group classification. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2005, 18:41-53. 10.1016\/j.ohc.2004.11.003","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24303","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of Group D eyes in bilateral retinoblastoma patients treated with chemoreduction and low-dose IMRT salvage","volume":"60","author":"Berry JL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berry JL, Jubran R, Kim JW, et al.. Long-term outcomes of Group D eyes in bilateral retinoblastoma patients treated with chemoreduction and low-dose IMRT salvage. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013, 60:688-93. 10.1002\/pbc.24303","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309710","article-title":"Primary intravenous chemotherapy for group D retinoblastoma: a 13-year retrospective analysis","volume":"101","author":"Fabian ID","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fabian ID, Stacey AW, Johnson KP, et al.. Primary intravenous chemotherapy for group D retinoblastoma: a 13-year retrospective analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017, 101:82-8.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S282741","article-title":"Management and outcomes of unilateral Group D tumors in retinoblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Amin S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amin S, AlJboor M, Toro MD, et al.. Management and outcomes of unilateral Group D tumors in retinoblastoma. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021, 15:65-72. 10.2147\/OPTH.S282741","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0244-7","article-title":"Retinoblastoma in Asia","volume":"33","author":"Jain M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jain M, Rojanaporn D, Chawla B, Sundar G, Gopal L, Khetan V. Retinoblastoma in Asia. Eye (Lond). 2019, 33:87-96. 10.1038\/s41433-018-0244-7","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20210614-03","article-title":"Strabismus as a presenting sign in retinoblastoma","volume":"58","author":"Kiernan M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kiernan M, Fabian ID, Smith V, Sagoo MS, Reddy MA. Strabismus as a presenting sign in retinoblastoma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2021, 58:324-30. 10.3928\/01913913-20210614-03","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Alterations in the RB1 gene in Pakistani patients with retinoblastoma using direct sequencing analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kalsoom S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalsoom S, Wasim M, Afzal S, et al.. Alterations in the RB1 gene in Pakistani patients with retinoblastoma using direct sequencing analysis. Mol Vis. 2015, 21:1085-92.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13081956","article-title":"Lag time between onset of first symptom and treatment of retinoblastoma: an international collaborative study of 692 patients from 10 countries","volume":"13","author":"Kaliki S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaliki S, Ji X, Zou Y, et al.. Lag time between onset of first symptom and treatment of retinoblastoma: an international collaborative study of 692 patients from 10 countries. Cancers (Basel). 2021, 13:1956. 10.3390\/cancers13081956","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0907-z","article-title":"Retinoblastoma presentation, treatment and outcome in a large referral centre in Tehran: a 10-year retrospective analysis","volume":"35","author":"Faranoush M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faranoush M, Mehrvar N, Tashvighi M, et al.. Retinoblastoma presentation, treatment and outcome in a large referral centre in Tehran: a 10-year retrospective analysis. Eye (Lond). 2021, 35:575-83. 10.1038\/s41433-020-0907-z","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001962","article-title":"Retinoblastoma in India: clinical presentation and outcome in 1,457 patients (2,074 eyes)","volume":"39","author":"Kaliki S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaliki S, Patel A, Iram S, Ramappa G, Mohamed A, Palkonda VA. Retinoblastoma in India: clinical presentation and outcome in 1,457 patients (2,074 eyes). Retina. 2019, 39:379-91. 10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001962","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270362","article-title":"Correlation between clinical presentations, radiological findings and high risk histopathological features of primary enucleated eyes with advanced retinoblastoma at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health: 5 years result","volume":"17","author":"Surukrattanaskul S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Surukrattanaskul S, Keyurapan B, Wangtiraumnuay N. Correlation between clinical presentations, radiological findings and high risk histopathological features of primary enucleated eyes with advanced retinoblastoma at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health: 5 years result. PLoS One. 2022, 17:e0270362. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0270362","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022201","article-title":"Clinical spectrum and treatment outcome of retinoblastoma with Group D and E diseases: a single institution retrospective review","volume":"99","author":"Weng PY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weng PY, Chen SH, Kao LY, et al.. Clinical spectrum and treatment outcome of retinoblastoma with Group D and E diseases: a single institution retrospective review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020, 99:e22201. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000022201","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317885","article-title":"Primary laser therapy as monotherapy for discrete retinoblastoma","volume":"106","author":"Soliman S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soliman S, Feng ZX, Gallie B. Primary laser therapy as monotherapy for discrete retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022, 106:878-83.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-161163","article-title":"Theoretical and practical aspects relating to the photothermal therapy of tumors of the retina and choroid: a review","volume":"24","author":"Niederer P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niederer P, Fankhauser F. Theoretical and practical aspects relating to the photothermal therapy of tumors of the retina and choroid: a review. Technol Health Care. 2016, 24:607-26. 10.3233\/THC-161163","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0409-z","article-title":"Bilateral advanced (group D or E) intraocular retinoblastoma: outcomes in 72 Asian Indian patients","volume":"33","author":"Kaliki S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaliki S, Mittal P, Mohan S, Chattannavar G, Jajapuram SD, Mohamed A, Palkonda VA. Bilateral advanced (group D or E) intraocular retinoblastoma: outcomes in 72 Asian Indian patients. Eye (Lond). 2019, 33:1297-304. 10.1038\/s41433-019-0409-z","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22336\/rjo.2021.5","article-title":"Globe salvage treatment in group D and group E retinoblastoma","volume":"65","author":"Khaqan HA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khaqan HA, Anil RR, Rocha de Lossada C, et al.. Globe salvage treatment in group D and group E retinoblastoma. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2021, 65:20-4. 10.22336\/rjo.2021.5","journal-title":"Rom J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1744449","article-title":"Clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of retinoblastoma in China","volume":"8","author":"Tan RJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan RJ. Clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of retinoblastoma in China. Asian J Oncol. 2022, 8:127-35. 10.1055\/s-0042-1744449","journal-title":"Asian J Oncol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.37029\/jcas.v6i1.283","article-title":"Outcomes of advanced retinoblastoma treated with local salvage treatment; a retrospective case series","volume":"6","author":"Rehman P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rehman P, Khan SJ. Outcomes of advanced retinoblastoma treated with local salvage treatment; a retrospective case series. J Cancer Allied Spec. 2020, 6:e283.","journal-title":"J Cancer Allied Spec"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11757","article-title":"Outcomes of group D retinoblastoma with resistant vitreous seeds after integration of intravitreal chemotherapy to the treatment protocol","volume":"12","author":"Amin S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amin S, Rizvi F, Zia N, Ali A, Hamid A, Kumari B. Outcomes of group D retinoblastoma with resistant vitreous seeds after integration of intravitreal chemotherapy to the treatment protocol. Cureus. 2020, 12:e11757. 10.7759\/cureus.11757","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2018.09.002","article-title":"Management of retinal detachment in retinoblastoma with globe conserving treatment","volume":"31","author":"Elaraoud I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elaraoud I, Ch'ng S, Karl D, Kalogeropoulos D, Chavan R, Sharma A. Management of retinal detachment in retinoblastoma with globe conserving treatment. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2019, 31:43-8. 10.1016\/j.joco.2018.09.002","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14222","article-title":"Tumour size criteria for Group D and E eyes in the International Classification System for Retinoblastoma: effects on rates of globe salvage and high-risk histopathologic features","volume":"98","author":"Kim JW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim JW, Shah SN, Green S, O'Fee J, Tamrazi B, Berry JL. Tumour size criteria for Group D and E eyes in the International Classification System for Retinoblastoma: effects on rates of globe salvage and high-risk histopathologic features. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020, 98:e121-5. 10.1111\/aos.14222","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4406-6","article-title":"Comparison between intravenous chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Chen Q","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Q, Zhang B, Dong Y, et al.. Comparison between intravenous chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18:486. 10.1186\/s12885-018-4406-6","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/335222-clinical-outcomes-of-group-d-retinoblastoma-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-pakistan","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T15:37:52Z","timestamp":1757691472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/335222-clinical-outcomes-of-group-d-retinoblastoma-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-pakistan"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.92151","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]}}}