{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:17:57Z","timestamp":1791141477197,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.92361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T12:23:31Z","timestamp":1757939011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Literature Review Assessing Whether the Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Events"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ammar","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Arham","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"NSAIDs. (2022). Accessed. August 2, 2023: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/nsaids\/."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). (2020). Accessed. August 2, 2023: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/11086-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-medicines-nsaids."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0306","article-title":"A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Wongrakpanich S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wongrakpanich S, Wongrakpanich A, Melhado K, Rangaswami J. A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly. Aging Dis. 2018, 9:143-50. 10.14336\/AD.2017.0306","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Side effects from NSAIDs. (2019). Accessed. August 2, 2023: https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/side-effects-from-nsaids."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2263-6","article-title":"A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity","volume":"32","author":"Conaghan PG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Conaghan PG. A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity. Rheumatol Int. 2012, 32:1491-502. 10.1007\/s00296-011-2263-6","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.11.005","article-title":"Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"24","author":"Sostres C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2010, 24:121-32. 10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.11.005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X684433","article-title":"The dangers of NSAIDs: look both ways","volume":"66","author":"Davis A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davis A, Robson J. The dangers of NSAIDs: look both ways. Br J Gen Pract. 2016, 66:172-3. 10.3399\/bjgp16X684433","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Osteoarthritis in over 16s. diagnosis and management. (2023). Accessed: August 4, 2023: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng226."},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)","author":"Ghlichloo I","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghlichloo I, Gerriets V. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2023."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Evidence based medicine. the PICO framework. (2021). Accessed: August 3, 2023: https:\/\/libguides.mssm.edu\/ebm\/ebp_pico."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"NICE guidelines. Accessed. August 7, 2023: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/about\/what-we-do\/our-programmes\/nice-guidance\/nice-guidelines."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Accessed. August 5, 2023: https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/nsaids-prescribing-issues\/."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.1144","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an under-recognized public health issue","volume":"9","author":"Varga Z","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varga Z, Sabzwari SR, Vargova V. Cardiovascular risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an under-recognized public health issue. Cureus. 2017, 9:10.7759\/cureus.1144","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163513481569","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk: are all NSAIDs alike?","volume":"146","author":"Pawlosky N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pawlosky N. Cardiovascular risk: are all NSAIDs alike?. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2013, 146:80-3. 10.1177\/1715163513481569","journal-title":"Can Pharm J (Ott)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-007-0020-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk, hypertension, and NSAIDs","volume":"9","author":"White WB","year":"2007","unstructured":"White WB. Cardiovascular risk, hypertension, and NSAIDs. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007, 9:36-43. 10.1007\/s11926-007-0020-3","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"CASP checklists. Accessed. August 7, 2023: https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists\/systematic-review-checklist\/."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Different types of conflicts of interest. (2020). Accessed. August 6, 2023: https:\/\/oag.parliament.nz\/2020\/conflicts\/part3.htm."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.777","article-title":"Consumption of NSAIDs and the development of congestive heart failure in elderly patients: an underrecognized public health problem","volume":"160","author":"Page J","year":"2000","unstructured":"Page J, Henry D. Consumption of NSAIDs and the development of congestive heart failure in elderly patients: an underrecognized public health problem. Arch Intern Med. 2000, 160:777-84. 10.1001\/archinte.160.6.777","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090449","article-title":"AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care","volume":"182","author":"Brouwers MC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al.. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ. 2010, 182:839-42. 10.1503\/cmaj.090449","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s. assessment and management. (2022). Accessed: August 4, 2023: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng59\/chapter\/Recommendations."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. (2023). Accessed. August 6, 2023: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency\/about."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048284","article-title":"Merck's recall of rofecoxib - a strategic perspective","volume":"351","author":"Oberholzer-Gee F","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oberholzer-Gee F, Inamdar SN. Merck's recall of rofecoxib - a strategic perspective. N Engl J Med. 2004, 351:2147-9. 10.1056\/NEJMp048284","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.058222","article-title":"Understanding randomised controlled trials","volume":"90","author":"Akobeng AK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akobeng AK. Understanding randomised controlled trials. Arch Dis Child. 2005, 90:840-4. 10.1136\/adc.2004.058222","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/401563-a-literature-review-assessing-whether-the-use-of-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids-increases-the-risk-of-cardiovascular-events","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T12:23:39Z","timestamp":1757939019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/401563-a-literature-review-assessing-whether-the-use-of-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids-increases-the-risk-of-cardiovascular-events"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.92361","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]}}}