{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T21:17:40Z","timestamp":1758057460099,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.92395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T21:19:46Z","timestamp":1757971186000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When Acute Epstein-Barr Virus Mimics HIV: A Case of False-Positive p24 Antigen and Low-Level HIV Antibody Reactivity"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Smriti","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranav","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of HIV infection: updated recommendations. (2014). Accessed: August 21, 2025: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/rr6303a1.htm."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL). Suggested reporting language for the HIV laboratory diagnostic testing algorithm. (2019). Accessed: August 21, 2025: https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/ID-2019Jan-HIV-Lab-Test-Suggested-Reporting-Language.pdf."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00119-09","article-title":"Assessment of the ability of a fourth-generation immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody and p24 antigen to detect both acute and recent HIV infections in a high-risk setting","volume":"47","author":"Pandori MW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pandori MW, Hackett J Jr, Louie B, Vallari A, Dowling T, Liska S, Klausner JD. Assessment of the ability of a fourth-generation immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody and p24 antigen to detect both acute and recent HIV infections in a high-risk setting. J Clin Microbiol. 2009, 47:2639-2642. 10.1128\/JCM.00119-09","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00053-16","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus diagnostic testing: 30 years of evolution","volume":"23","author":"Alexander TS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alexander TS. Human immunodeficiency virus diagnostic testing: 30 years of evolution. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016, 23:249-253. 10.1128\/CVI.00053-16","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.03.014","article-title":"Heterophilic interference in specimens yielding false-reactive results on the Abbott 4th generation ARCHITECT HIV Ag\/Ab Combo assay","volume":"104","author":"Lavoie S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lavoie S, Caswell D, Gill MJ, et al.. Heterophilic interference in specimens yielding false-reactive results on the Abbott 4th generation ARCHITECT HIV Ag\/Ab Combo assay. J Clin Virol. 2018, 104:23-28. 10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.03.014","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.08.018","article-title":"Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of six HIV combined p24 antigen and antibody assays","volume":"122","author":"Ly TD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ly TD, Laperche S, Brennan C, et al.. Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of six HIV combined p24 antigen and antibody assays. J Virol Methods. 2004, 122:185-194. 10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.08.018","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02945-13","article-title":"Association of inconclusive sera for human immunodeficiency virus infection with malaria and Epstein-Barr virus infection in Central Africa","volume":"52","author":"Mbopi-Keou FX","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mbopi-Keou FX, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A, Talla F, et al.. Association of inconclusive sera for human immunodeficiency virus infection with malaria and Epstein-Barr virus infection in Central Africa. J Clin Microbiol. 2014, 52:660-662. 10.1128\/JCM.02945-13","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000121","article-title":"How can we better identify early HIV infections?","volume":"10","author":"Rosenberg NE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenberg NE, Pilcher CD, Busch MP, Cohen MS. How can we better identify early HIV infections?. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015, 10:61-68. 10.1097\/COH.0000000000000121","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for collecting and handling specimens for mpox testing. (2024). Accessed: August 21, 2025: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mpox\/hcp\/diagnosis-testing\/collecting-specimens.html."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). Mpox: diagnostic testing. (2025). GOV.UK. (2025). Accessed: August 21, 2025: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/monkeypox-diagnostic-testing."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.03.012","article-title":"Detection of monkeypox virus with real-time PCR assays","volume":"36","author":"Li Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li Y, Olson VA, Laue T, Laker MT, Damon IK. Detection of monkeypox virus with real-time PCR assays. J Clin Virol. 2006, 36:194-203. 10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.03.012","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw666","article-title":"Time until emergence of HIV test reactivity following infection with HIV-1: implications for interpreting test results and retesting after exposure","volume":"64","author":"Delaney KP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Delaney KP, Hanson DL, Masciotra S, Ethridge SF, Wesolowski L, Owen SM. Time until emergence of HIV test reactivity following infection with HIV-1: implications for interpreting test results and retesting after exposure. Clin Infect Dis. 2017, 64:53-59. 10.1093\/cid\/ciw666","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00005","article-title":"Dynamics of HIV viremia and antibody seroconversion in plasma donors: implications for diagnosis and staging of primary HIV infection","volume":"17","author":"Fiebig EW","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fiebig EW, Wright DJ, Rawal BD, et al.. Dynamics of HIV viremia and antibody seroconversion in plasma donors: implications for diagnosis and staging of primary HIV infection. AIDS. 2003, 17:1871-1879. 10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032015","article-title":"Persistence of the Epstein-Barr virus and the origins of associated lymphomas","volume":"350","author":"Thorley-Lawson DA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thorley-Lawson DA, Gross A. Persistence of the Epstein-Barr virus and the origins of associated lymphomas. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350:1328-1337. 10.1056\/NEJMra032015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1996.36196190514.x","article-title":"False-positive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 western blot tests in noninfected blood donors","volume":"36","author":"Sayre KR","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sayre KR, Dodd RY, Tegtmeier G, Layug L, Alexander SS, Busch MP. False-positive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 western blot tests in noninfected blood donors. Transfusion. 1996, 36:45-52. 10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1996.36196190514.x","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22822-8_9","article-title":"Infectious mononucleosis","volume":"390","author":"Dunmire SK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA, Balfour HH. Infectious mononucleosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015, 390:211-240. 10.1007\/978-3-319-22822-8_9","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116167","article-title":"Evaluating the diagnostic performance of Liaison\u00ae chemiluminescence assay as screening tool for detection of acute Epstein-Barr infection: a comparative study","volume":"108","author":"Tortosa-Carreres J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tortosa-Carreres J, Lloret-Sos C, Sahuquillo-Arce JM, et al.. Evaluating the diagnostic performance of Liaison\u00ae chemiluminescence assay as screening tool for detection of acute Epstein-Barr infection: a comparative study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024, 108:116167. 10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116167","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701867206","article-title":"When good news is bad news: psychological impact of false positive diagnosis of HIV","volume":"20","author":"Bhattacharya R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhattacharya R, Barton S, Catalan J. When good news is bad news: psychological impact of false positive diagnosis of HIV. AIDS Care. 2008, 20:560-564. 10.1080\/09540120701867206","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.09.023","article-title":"Performance evaluation of the Bio-Rad Laboratories GS HIV Combo Ag\/Ab EIA, a 4th generation HIV assay for the simultaneous detection of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV-1 (groups M and O) and HIV-2 in human serum or plasma","volume":"52","author":"Bentsen C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bentsen C, McLaughlin L, Mitchell E, et al.. Performance evaluation of the Bio-Rad Laboratories GS HIV Combo Ag\/Ab EIA, a 4th generation HIV assay for the simultaneous detection of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV-1 (groups M and O) and HIV-2 in human serum or plasma. J Clin Virol. 2011, 52:S57-S61. 10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.09.023","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7136e1","article-title":"Orthopoxvirus testing challenges for persons in populations at low risk or without known epidemiologic link to monkeypox - United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Minhaj FS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minhaj FS, Petras JK, Brown JA, et al.. Orthopoxvirus testing challenges for persons in populations at low risk or without known epidemiologic link to monkeypox - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022, 71:1155-1158. 10.15585\/mmwr.mm7136e1","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/410467-when-acute-epstein-barr-virus-mimics-hiv-a-case-of-false-positive-p24-antigen-and-low-level-hiv-antibody-reactivity","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T21:19:48Z","timestamp":1757971188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/410467-when-acute-epstein-barr-virus-mimics-hiv-a-case-of-false-positive-p24-antigen-and-low-level-hiv-antibody-reactivity"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.92395","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]}}}