{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T14:53:14Z","timestamp":1758293594025,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.92619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T12:49:07Z","timestamp":1758199747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidural and Subdural Hematomas in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Retrospective Review of 54 Operated Cases in a Tertiary Neurosurgery Unit in Africa"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sublime","family":"Tshiamala Ngalula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ch\u00e9rubin","family":"Tshiunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ntalaja","family":"Jeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirenge","family":"Goert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Mbaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gervith","family":"Reyes Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel de Jesus","family":"Encarnacion Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.06.123","article-title":"Management of epidural hematomas in pediatric and adult population: a hospital-based retrospective study","volume":"177","author":"Gok H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gok H, Celik SE, Yangi K, Yavuz AY, Percinoglu G, Unlu NU, Goksu K. Management of epidural hematomas in pediatric and adult population: a hospital-based retrospective study. World Neurosurg. 2023, 177:e686-92. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.06.123","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2023.05.010","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler in the non-invasive estimation of intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury compared to other non-invasive methods in lower-middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Dokponou YC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dokponou YC, Badirou OB, Agada KN, et al.. Transcranial Doppler in the non-invasive estimation of intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury compared to other non-invasive methods in lower-middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2023, 113:70-6. 10.1016\/j.jocn.2023.05.010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003221","article-title":"Global perspective of neurosurgery practice in lower middle-income countries: challenges, opportunities, and the path forward","volume":"87","author":"Iqbal J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Naseem A, Bashir MA, Yangi K, Bozkurt I, Chaurasia B. Global perspective of neurosurgery practice in lower middle-income countries: challenges, opportunities, and the path forward. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025, 87:2532-6. 10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003221","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.07.113","article-title":"Review of neurosurgery in the Democratic Republic of Congo: historical approach of a local context","volume":"167","author":"Tshimbombu TN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tshimbombu TN, Kalubye AB, Hoffman C, et al.. Review of neurosurgery in the Democratic Republic of Congo: historical approach of a local context. World Neurosurg. 2022, 167:81-8. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.07.113","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0784","article-title":"Pediatric acute severe neurologic illness and injury in an urban and a rural hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"98","author":"Tshimangani T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tshimangani T, Pongo J, Bodi Mabiala J, Yotebieng M, O'Brien NF. Pediatric acute severe neurologic illness and injury in an urban and a rural hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018, 98:1534-40. 10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0784","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.086","article-title":"Neurosurgery in East Africa: foundations","volume":"113","author":"Mangat HS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mangat HS, Sch\u00f6ller K, Budohoski KP, et al.. Neurosurgery in East Africa: foundations. World Neurosurg. 2018, 113:411-24. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.086","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.123786","article-title":"Current state of the Neurotrauma Registry implementation in Africa (NEUTRIA study) and challenges","volume":"196","author":"Dokponou YC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dokponou YC, Ajayi AO, Ghomsi NC, et al.. Current state of the Neurotrauma Registry implementation in Africa (NEUTRIA study) and challenges. World Neurosurg. 2025, 196:123786. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.123786","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GH9.0000000000000090","article-title":"Accessing neurosurgical services in Africa: efforts, challenges, and recommendation","volume":"5","author":"Aderinto N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aderinto N, Opanike J, Oladipo E, et al.. Accessing neurosurgical services in Africa: efforts, challenges, and recommendation. Int J Surg Glob Health. 2022, 5:90. 10.1097\/GH9.0000000000000090","journal-title":"Int J Surg Glob Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.03.018","article-title":"Neurosurgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: ask not for whom the bell tolls","volume":"101","author":"Nanda A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nanda A, Patra DP. Neurosurgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: ask not for whom the bell tolls. World Neurosurg. 2017, 101:752-4. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.03.018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_929_2024","article-title":"The epidemiology of motorcycle-related acute traumatic brain injury: the NOMADEN study","volume":"16","author":"Nugroho AW","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nugroho AW, Masrika NU. The epidemiology of motorcycle-related acute traumatic brain injury: the NOMADEN study. Surg Neurol Int. 2025, 16:27. 10.25259\/SNI_929_2024","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.JNS171723","article-title":"The global neurosurgical workforce: a mixed-methods assessment of density and growth","volume":"130","author":"Mukhopadhyay S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay S, Punchak M, Rattani A, et al.. The global neurosurgical workforce: a mixed-methods assessment of density and growth. J Neurosurg. 2019, 130:1142-8. 10.3171\/2018.10.JNS171723","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.2.JNS211984","article-title":"Fulfilling the specialist neurosurgical workforce needs in Africa: a systematic review and projection toward 2030","volume":"138","author":"Ukachukwu AK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ukachukwu AK, Still ME, Seas A, et al.. Fulfilling the specialist neurosurgical workforce needs in Africa: a systematic review and projection toward 2030. J Neurosurg. 2023, 138:1102-13. 10.3171\/2022.2.JNS211984","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7527","article-title":"A manual for the Glasgow outcome scale - extended interview","volume":"38","author":"Wilson L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson L, Boase K, Nelson LD, et al.. A manual for the Glasgow outcome scale - extended interview. J Neurotrauma. 2021, 38:2435-46. 10.1089\/neu.2020.7527","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2021.12.008","article-title":"Basal cisternostomy for traumatic brain injury: a case report of unexpected good recovery","volume":"25","author":"Encarnacion Ramirez MJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Encarnacion Ramirez MJ, Barrientos Castillo RE, Vorobiev A, Kiselev N, Aquino AA, Efe IE. Basal cisternostomy for traumatic brain injury: a case report of unexpected good recovery. Chin J Traumatol. 2022, 25:302-5. 10.1016\/j.cjtee.2021.12.008","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/surgeries4020029","article-title":"The role of Cisternostomy in the management of severe traumatic brain injury: a triple-center study","volume":"4","author":"Encarnaci\u00f3n Ramirez M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Encarnaci\u00f3n Ramirez M, Baez IP, Mukengeshay JN, et al.. The role of Cisternostomy in the management of severe traumatic brain injury: a triple-center study. Surgeries. 2023, 4:283-92. 10.3390\/surgeries4020029","journal-title":"Surgeries"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2018-000259","article-title":"Causes and outcomes of traumatic brain injuries in Uganda: analysis from a pilot hospital registry","volume":"4","author":"Zia N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zia N, Mehmood A, Namaganda RH, Ssenyonjo H, Kobusingye O, Hyder AA. Causes and outcomes of traumatic brain injuries in Uganda: analysis from a pilot hospital registry. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2019, 4:e000259. 10.1136\/tsaco-2018-000259","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.084","article-title":"Epidemiology, management, and functional outcomes of traumatic brain injury in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"108","author":"Eaton J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eaton J, Hanif AB, Grudziak J, Charles A. Epidemiology, management, and functional outcomes of traumatic brain injury in sub-Saharan Africa. World Neurosurg. 2017, 108:650-5. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.084","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261831","article-title":"Estimated incidence and case fatality rate of traumatic brain injury among children (0-18 years) in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ackah M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ackah M, Gazali Salifu M, Osei Yeboah C. Estimated incidence and case fatality rate of traumatic brain injury among children (0-18 years) in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0261831. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0261831","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2023.19.e47","article-title":"Medical management of chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"19","author":"Kim KH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim KH, Lee Y. Medical management of chronic subdural hematoma. Korean J Neurotrauma. 2023, 19:288-97. 10.13004\/kjnt.2023.19.e47","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.38.80.19173","article-title":"Outcomes of craniotomies for chronic subdural hematoma in Sierra Leone","volume":"38","author":"Russell JB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Russell JB, Baryoh ML, Conteh V, Gordon-Harris L, Lisk DR. Outcomes of craniotomies for chronic subdural hematoma in Sierra Leone. Pan Afr Med J. 2021, 38:80. 10.11604\/pamj.2021.38.80.19173","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.029","article-title":"Neurosurgical care: availability and access in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"112","author":"Punchak M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Punchak M, Mukhopadhyay S, Sachdev S, et al.. Neurosurgical care: availability and access in low-income and middle-income countries. World Neurosurg. 2018, 112:e240-54. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.029","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.04.094","article-title":"Time to care: analysis of time differences and outcomes in the management of pediatric traumatic brain injury for a high-income and lower-middle-income country","volume":"177","author":"Rolle ML","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rolle ML, Pascual JS, Williams AL, et al.. Time to care: analysis of time differences and outcomes in the management of pediatric traumatic brain injury for a high-income and lower-middle-income country. World Neurosurg. 2023, 177:e26-33. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.04.094","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.04.010","article-title":"Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development","volume":"213","author":"Meara JG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, et al.. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015, 213:338-40. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.04.010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.10.140","article-title":"Single versus double Burr hole for drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: randomized controlled study","volume":"146","author":"Sale D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sale D. Single versus double Burr hole for drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: randomized controlled study. World Neurosurg. 2021, 146:e565-7. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.10.140","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa278","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury: 2020 update of the decompressive craniectomy recommendations","volume":"87","author":"Hawryluk GW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawryluk GW, Rubiano AM, Totten AM, et al.. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury: 2020 update of the decompressive craniectomy recommendations. Neurosurgery. 2020, 87:427-34. 10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa278","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116471","article-title":"Emergency craniotomy and burr-hole trephination in a low-resource setting: capacity building at a regional hospital in Cambodia","volume":"19","author":"Hu J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu J, Sokh V, Nguon S, et al.. Emergency craniotomy and burr-hole trephination in a low-resource setting: capacity building at a regional hospital in Cambodia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022, 19:10.3390\/ijerph19116471","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3419-1","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in Uganda: exploring the use of a hospital based registry for measuring burden and outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Mehmood A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehmood A, Zia N, Hoe C, Kobusingye O, Ssenyojo H, Hyder AA. Traumatic brain injury in Uganda: exploring the use of a hospital based registry for measuring burden and outcomes. BMC Res Notes. 2018, 11:299. 10.1186\/s13104-018-3419-1","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457301003728510","article-title":"Situational factors associated with road traffic crashes: a case-control study on the Yaound\u00e9-Douala road section, Cameroon","volume":"17","author":"Bhatti JA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhatti JA, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Lagarde E, Salmi LR. Situational factors associated with road traffic crashes: a case-control study on the Yaound\u00e9-Douala road section, Cameroon. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2010, 17:215-22. 10.1080\/17457301003728510","journal-title":"Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.JNS171500","article-title":"Global neurosurgery: The current capacity and deficit in the provision of essential neurosurgical care. Executive summary of the global neurosurgery initiative at the program in Global Surgery and Social Change","volume":"130","author":"Dewan MC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dewan MC, Rattani A, Fieggen G, et al.. Global neurosurgery: The current capacity and deficit in the provision of essential neurosurgical care. Executive summary of the global neurosurgery initiative at the program in Global Surgery and Social Change. J Neurosurg. 2019, 130:1055-64. 10.3171\/2017.11.JNS171500","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/399524-epidural-and-subdural-hematomas-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-a-retrospective-review-of-54-operated-cases-in-a-tertiary-neurosurgery-unit-in-africa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T12:49:08Z","timestamp":1758199748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/399524-epidural-and-subdural-hematomas-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-a-retrospective-review-of-54-operated-cases-in-a-tertiary-neurosurgery-unit-in-africa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.92619","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-8184"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]}}}