{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T07:48:28Z","timestamp":1758440908624,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.92745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T02:21:52Z","timestamp":1758334912000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paradoxical Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient With AIDS: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ibtisam  A","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscila","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vel","family":"Sivapalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-020-00293-0","article-title":"JC Polyomavirus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a review","volume":"17","author":"Harypursat V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harypursat V, Zhou Y, Tang S, Chen Y. JC Polyomavirus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a review. AIDS Res Ther. 2020, 17:37. 10.1186\/s12981-020-00293-0","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10952-5","article-title":"Innovative therapeutic concepts of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"269","author":"M\u00f6hn N","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00f6hn N, Grote-Levi L, Hopfner F, et al.. Innovative therapeutic concepts of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurol. 2022, 269:2403-13. 10.1007\/s00415-021-10952-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00577","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome unmasking or worsening AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Fournier A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fournier A, Martin-Blondel G, Lechapt-Zalcman E, et al.. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome unmasking or worsening AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a literature review. Front Immunol. 2017, 8:577. 10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00577","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26512","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"93","author":"Boumaza X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boumaza X, Bonneau B, Roos-Weil D, et al.. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ann Neurol. 2023, 93:257-70. 10.1002\/ana.26512","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070813","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with recurrent paradoxical cerebellar HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"10","author":"Frattaroli P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frattaroli P, Chueng TA, Abaribe O, Ayoade F. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with recurrent paradoxical cerebellar HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Pathogens. 2021, 10:813. 10.3390\/pathogens10070813","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45155","article-title":"The prognosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV\/AIDS patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Aye SL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aye SL, Trivedi Y, Bolgarina Z, Desai HN, Senaratne M, Swami SS, Mohammed L. The prognosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV\/AIDS patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment: a systematic review. Cureus. 2023, 15:e45155. 10.7759\/cureus.45155","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1772831","article-title":"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: prevalence, main characteristics, and outcomes in a Brazilian center","volume":"81","author":"Santana MN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santana MN, Ferrari R, Macedo AC, Marcusso RM, Fernandes RA, Vidal JE. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: prevalence, main characteristics, and outcomes in a Brazilian center. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2023, 81:883-90. 10.1055\/s-0043-1772831","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S42328","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients","volume":"7","author":"Walker NF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walker NF, Scriven J, Meintjes G, Wilkinson RJ. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2015, 7:49-64. 10.2147\/HIV.S42328","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Tan CS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tan CS, Koralnik IJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol. 2010, 9:425-37. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200205000-00005","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"81","author":"Shelburne SA 3rd","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shelburne SA 3rd, Hamill RJ, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al.. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002, 81:213-27. 10.1097\/00005792-200205000-00005","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.7784","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV patient: a case report and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Lei T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei T, Deng A, Li L, Wang M, Wu D, Zhou T. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV patient: a case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep. 2023, 11:e7784. 10.1002\/ccr3.7784","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343510.08643.74","article-title":"PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection: clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids","volume":"72","author":"Tan K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tan K, Roda R, Ostrow L, McArthur J, Nath A. PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection: clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids. Neurology. 2009, 72:1458-64. 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343510.08643.74","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Unmasking the truth: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) in a 36-year old male with HIV, a case report","volume":"2","author":"Dy JS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dy JS, Gutierrez SA, Llorin RM, Leon Dizon MD, Maglaya G, Damian LF. Unmasking the truth: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) in a 36-year old male with HIV, a case report. Int J Clin Med Edu Res, 2(5), 140-143.\r\n. 2023, 2:140-3.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Med Edu Res, 2(5), 140-143."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70165-4","article-title":"Neurological complications of HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"McArthur JC","year":"2005","unstructured":"McArthur JC, Brew BJ, Nath A. . Neurological complications of HIV infection. Lancet Neurol. 2005, 4:P543-55. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70165-4","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169015","article-title":"5-HT receptors and the development of new antidepressants","volume":"22","author":"\u015alifirski G","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u015alifirski G, Kr\u00f3l M, Tur\u0142o J. 5-HT receptors and the development of new antidepressants. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:9015. 10.3390\/ijms22169015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010010","article-title":"Overcoming depression with 5-HT(2A) receptor ligands","volume":"23","author":"Zi\u0119ba A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zi\u0119ba A, St\u0119pnicki P, Matosiuk D, Kaczor AA. Overcoming depression with 5-HT(2A) receptor ligands. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 23:10. 10.3390\/ijms23010010","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.187666","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in individuals with minimal or occult immunosuppression","volume":"81","author":"Gheuens S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gheuens S, Pierone G, Peeters P, Koralnik I. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in individuals with minimal or occult immunosuppression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010, 81:247-54.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.33425\/2689-1069.1044","article-title":"PML-IRIS in a patient with HIV infection: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Aytac A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aytac A, H\u0131zal M. PML-IRIS in a patient with HIV infection: a case report. Clin Rev Cases. 2022, 4:1-3.","journal-title":"Clin Rev Cases"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/404863-paradoxical-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-with-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-in-a-patient-with-aids-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T02:21:53Z","timestamp":1758334913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/404863-paradoxical-progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-with-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-in-a-patient-with-aids-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.92745","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-8184"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]}}}