{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:51:27Z","timestamp":1787064687334,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.93457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T07:23:41Z","timestamp":1759130621000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Systematic Review of the Bidirectional Relationship Between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Naif","family":"Aleid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Enad","family":"Alenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad Saleh","family":"Alghasham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud Abdulmajeed","family":"Bin Rakhis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulraham Mansour A","family":"AlFawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"47","author":"Koenen KC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koenen KC, Ratanatharathorn A, Ng L, et al.. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2017, 47:2260-74. 10.1017\/S0033291717000708","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th Edition","author":"Magliano DJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ, IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition scientific committee. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th Edition. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels; 2021."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.03.004","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease","volume":"55","author":"Edmondson D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edmondson D, Cohen BE. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013, 55:548-56. 10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.03.004","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001914","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and risk of hypertension over 22 years in a large cohort of younger and middle-aged women","volume":"46","author":"Sumner JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sumner JA, Kubzansky LD, Roberts AL, et al.. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and risk of hypertension over 22 years in a large cohort of younger and middle-aged women. Psychol Med. 2016, 46:3105-16. 10.1017\/S0033291716001914","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3999(02)00429-4","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress","volume":"53","author":"Tsigos C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tsigos C, Chrousos GP. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J Psychosom Res. 2002, 53:865-71. 10.1016\/s0022-3999(02)00429-4","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3080","article-title":"Association between traumatic brain injury and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in active-duty Marines","volume":"71","author":"Yurgil KA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yurgil KA, Barkauskas DA, Vasterling JJ, et al.. Association between traumatic brain injury and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in active-duty Marines. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014, 71:149-57. 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3080","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03761-3","article-title":"The short and long-term effects of aerobic, strength, or mixed exercise programs on schizophrenia symptomatology","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00e9s L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00e9s L, S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez MI, Cano SL, et al.. The short and long-term effects of aerobic, strength, or mixed exercise programs on schizophrenia symptomatology. Sci Rep. 2021, 11:24300. 10.1038\/s41598-021-03761-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0644-y","article-title":"Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study","volume":"6","author":"Bramer WM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bramer WM, Rethlefsen ML, Kleijnen J, Franco OH. Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study. Syst Rev. 2017, 6:245. 10.1186\/s13643-017-0644-y","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016, 5:210. 10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"Wells GA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O'Connell D, et al.. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; 2014."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, et al.. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011, 343:d5928. 10.1136\/bmj.d5928","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization: The STROBE-MR Statement","volume":"326","author":"Skrivankova VW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skrivankova VW, Richmond RC, Woolf BA, et al.. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization: The STROBE-MR Statement. JAMA. 2021, 326:1614-21. 10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053251315890","article-title":"PTSD symptoms in war-displaced refugees diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes: prevalence and correlates","author":"Gammoh O","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gammoh O, Al-Ameri M, Shilbayeh SA, Aljabali AA, Aldossary KM, AlRasheed HA. PTSD symptoms in war-displaced refugees diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes: prevalence and correlates. J Health Psychol. 2025, 13591053251315890. 10.1177\/13591053251315890","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317727839","article-title":"Unique relations between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and patient functioning in type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Arigo D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arigo D, Juth V, Trief P, Wallston K, Ulbrecht J, Smyth JM. Unique relations between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and patient functioning in type 2 diabetes. J Health Psychol. 2020, 25:652-64. 10.1177\/1359105317727839","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1375068","article-title":"Effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on type 2 diabetes and the mediated effect of obesity: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"15","author":"Yu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Y, Hu G, Yang X, Bai S, Wu J, Tong K, Yu R. Effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on type 2 diabetes and the mediated effect of obesity: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024, 15:1375068. 10.3389\/fendo.2024.1375068","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.111","article-title":"Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in African-American women with diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Dixon HD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dixon HD, Michopoulos V, Gluck RL, et al.. Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in African-American women with diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020, 3:e00111. 10.1002\/edm2.111","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1008109","article-title":"Psychological burden predicts new-onset diabetes in men: a longitudinal observational study in the Fukushima Health Management Survey after the Great East Japan earthquake","volume":"13","author":"Hirai H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hirai H, Nagao M, Ohira T, et al.. Psychological burden predicts new-onset diabetes in men: a longitudinal observational study in the Fukushima Health Management Survey after the Great East Japan earthquake. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022, 13:1008109. 10.3389\/fendo.2022.1008109","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22141\/2224-0713.21.4.2025.1186","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Ukrainian version of the Type 2 Diabetes Distress Assessment System","volume":"4","author":"Serhiyenk\u043e V","year":"2025","unstructured":"Serhiyenk\u043e V, Sehin V, Holovach S, Serhiyenko A. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Ukrainian version of the Type 2 Diabetes Distress Assessment System. Int. Neurol J. 2025, 4:266-75. 10.22141\/2224-0713.21.4.2025.1186","journal-title":"Int. Neurol J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057431","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in Scottish military veterans: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Bergman BP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bergman BP, Mackay D, Pell JP. Type 2 diabetes in Scottish military veterans: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2022, 12:e057431. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057431","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"The quality of life of patients with diabetes in the conditions of armed conflict","volume":"81","author":"Mykytyuk M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mykytyuk M, Titova Yu, Khizhnyak O, et al.. The quality of life of patients with diabetes in the conditions of armed conflict\r\n. Probl Endocrinol Pathol. 2024, 81:41-50.","journal-title":"Probl Endocrinol Pathol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad037","article-title":"The impact of forced displacement: trauma, increased levels of inflammation and early presentation of diabetes in women Syrian refugees","volume":"45","author":"Venkatachalam T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Venkatachalam T, O'Sullivan S, Platt DE, et al.. The impact of forced displacement: trauma, increased levels of inflammation and early presentation of diabetes in women Syrian refugees. J Public Health (Oxf). 2023, 45:e437-46. 10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad037","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Risk factors of diabetes mellitus in ATO\/JFO participants, clinical course, diagnosis and their impact on duration of treatment","volume":"2025","author":"Popenko NV","year":"202212","unstructured":"Popenko NV, Tanasiichuk OO. Risk factors of diabetes mellitus in ATO\/JFO participants, clinical course, diagnosis and their impact on duration of treatment. Ukr J Milit Med. 202212, 2025:41-50.","journal-title":"Ukr J Milit Med"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"The influence of anxiety disorders that developed during the war on the course of hypertensive disease","volume":"25","author":"Koval S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koval S, Mysnychenko O, Penkova M, Lytvynova O. The influence of anxiety disorders that developed during the war on the course of hypertensive disease. Hypertension. 2025, 25:17-24.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30978\/UTJ2023-3-13","article-title":"Stress levels in patients with ischemic heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus in wartime conditions","volume":"3","author":"Serik S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Serik S, Ryabukha V, Tkachenko O, Malko V. Stress levels in patients with ischemic heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus in wartime conditions. Ukr Ther J. 2023, 3:10.30978\/UTJ2023-3-13","journal-title":"Ukr Ther J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8050414","article-title":"Assessment of psychopathology in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and the impact on treatment management","volume":"8","author":"Lica MM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lica MM, Papai A, Salcudean A, Crainic M, Covaciu CG, Mihai A. Assessment of psychopathology in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and the impact on treatment management. Children (Basel). 2021, 8:414. 10.3390\/children8050414","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2632","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a sample of women: a 22-year longitudinal study","volume":"72","author":"Roberts AL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts AL, Agnew-Blais JC, Spiegelman D, et al.. Posttraumatic stress disorder and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a sample of women: a 22-year longitudinal study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015, 72:203-10. 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2632","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.28.1.125","article-title":"A prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in women","volume":"28","author":"Kubzansky LD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kubzansky LD, Koenen KC, Jones C, Eaton WW. A prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in women. Health Psychol. 2009, 28:125-30. 10.1037\/0278-6133.28.1.125","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4374","article-title":"Assessment of plasma C-reactive protein as a biomarker of posttraumatic stress disorder risk","volume":"71","author":"Eraly SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eraly SA, Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, et al.. Assessment of plasma C-reactive protein as a biomarker of posttraumatic stress disorder risk. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014, 71:423-31. 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4374","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30377-7","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease","volume":"4","author":"Edmondson D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edmondson D, von K\u00e4nel R. Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017, 4:320-9. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30377-7","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.07.023","article-title":"FK506 binding protein 5 shapes stress responsiveness: modulation of neuroendocrine reactivity and coping behavior","volume":"70","author":"Touma C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Touma C, Gassen NC, Herrmann L, et al.. FK506 binding protein 5 shapes stress responsiveness: modulation of neuroendocrine reactivity and coping behavior. Biol Psychiatry. 2011, 70:928-36. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.07.023","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.09.029","article-title":"Exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Vancampfort D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vancampfort D, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Stubbs B. Exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 2015, 169:453-7. 10.1016\/j.schres.2015.09.029","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrs\/15.3.283","article-title":"The prevalence and associated socio-demographic variables of post-traumatic stress disorder among patients attending primary health care centres in the Gaza Strip","volume":"15","author":"Afana A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Afana A, Dalgard OS, Bjertness E, Grunfeld E, Hauff E. The prevalence and associated socio-demographic variables of post-traumatic stress disorder among patients attending primary health care centres in the Gaza Strip. J Refug Stud. 2002, 15:283-95. 10.1093\/jrs\/15.3.283","journal-title":"J Refug Stud"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.106","article-title":"Stress and disorders of the stress system","volume":"5","author":"Chrousos GP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chrousos GP. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009, 5:374-81. 10.1038\/nrendo.2009.106","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/415364-a-systematic-review-of-the-bidirectional-relationship-between-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd-and-the-development-of-type-2-diabetes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T07:23:41Z","timestamp":1759130621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/415364-a-systematic-review-of-the-bidirectional-relationship-between-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd-and-the-development-of-type-2-diabetes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.93457","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]}}}