{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:08:12Z","timestamp":1759882092777,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.93986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:43:26Z","timestamp":1759812206000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre- and Post-bronchodilator Spirometry in Asthmatic Smokers Versus Non-smokers: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Yassine Wael Mohamed","family":"Elshammaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Mhd Nabil Bendakji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Elseedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Faeq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Yehia Zakaria","family":"Khaled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basma","family":"Alleelwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toka","family":"Ghazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ashraf Hussien","family":"Abdelhady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naglaa","family":"Abdelsamea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mamdouh Elshafei","family":"Khaled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afnan","family":"Elwafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mosallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibtihal Khider Fagir","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermeen","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Harb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulmabod","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-01944-w","article-title":"Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"22","author":"Gan H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gan H, Hou X, Zhu Z, et al.. Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. BMC Pulm Med. 2022, 22:149. 10.1186\/s12890-022-01944-w","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02961-5","article-title":"Tobacco and COPD: presenting the World Health Organization (WHO) Tobacco Knowledge Summary","volume":"25","author":"Lu W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu W, Aarsand R, Schotte K, et al.. Tobacco and COPD: presenting the World Health Organization (WHO) Tobacco Knowledge Summary. Respir Res. 2024, 25:338. 10.1186\/s12931-024-02961-5","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15051033","article-title":"Tobacco smoke induces and alters immune responses in the lung triggering inflammation, allergy, asthma and other lung diseases: a mechanistic review","volume":"15","author":"Strzelak A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco smoke induces and alters immune responses in the lung triggering inflammation, allergy, asthma and other lung diseases: a mechanistic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018, 15:10.3390\/ijerph15051033","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.04.027","article-title":"Spirometry: a practical lifespan predictor of global health and chronic respiratory and non-respiratory diseases","volume":"89","author":"Agusti A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agusti A, Fabbri LM, Baraldi E, et al.. Spirometry: a practical lifespan predictor of global health and chronic respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. Eur J Intern Med. 2021, 89:3-9. 10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.04.027","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1334553","article-title":"Mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why spirometry is not sufficient!","volume":"11","author":"Elbehairy AF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elbehairy AF, Parraga G, Webb KA, Neder JA, O'Donnell DE. Mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why spirometry is not sufficient!. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2017, 11:549-63. 10.1080\/17476348.2017.1334553","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2024.0040","article-title":"Beyond the spirometry: new diagnostic modalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"88","author":"Song JH","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song JH, Kim Y. Beyond the spirometry: new diagnostic modalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2025, 88:1-13. 10.4046\/trd.2024.0040","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2_suppl_1.125S","article-title":"Therapeutic responses in asthma and COPD. Bronchodilators","volume":"126","author":"Donohue JF","year":"2004","unstructured":"Donohue JF. Therapeutic responses in asthma and COPD. Bronchodilators. Chest. 2004, 126:125S-137S; discussion 159S-161S. 10.1378\/chest.126.2_suppl_1.125S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Bronchodilator responsiveness in different ventilatory patterns","volume":"7","author":"Ehondor O","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ehondor O, Ojeh-Oziegbe O. Bronchodilator responsiveness in different ventilatory patterns. Niger J Med Dent Educ. 2025, 7:79-89.","journal-title":"Niger J Med Dent Educ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-023-00330-1","article-title":"Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update","volume":"33","author":"Levy ML","year":"2023","unstructured":"Levy ML, Bacharier LB, Bateman E, et al.. Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2023, 33:7. 10.1038\/s41533-023-00330-1","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2837","article-title":"Revising the Declaration of Helsinki","volume":"346","author":"Nathanson V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nathanson V. Revising the Declaration of Helsinki. BMJ. 2013, 346:f2837. 10.1136\/bmj.f2837","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-025-00673-7","article-title":"Tobacco and asthma: presenting the world health organization (WHO) tobacco knowledge summary","volume":"20","author":"Lu W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu W, Rylance S, Schotte K, et al.. Tobacco and asthma: presenting the world health organization (WHO) tobacco knowledge summary. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2025, 20:34. 10.1186\/s13011-025-00673-7","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/156047","article-title":"How does cigarette smoking affect airway remodeling in asthmatics?","volume":"21","author":"Lin H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin H, Li H. How does cigarette smoking affect airway remodeling in asthmatics?. Tob Induc Dis. 2023, 21:13. 10.18332\/tid\/156047","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"A large airway phenotype among symptomatic smokers with preserved pulmonary function: the subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study (SPIROMICS)","author":"Smith B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith B, Hoffman E, Bleecker E, et al.. A large airway phenotype among symptomatic smokers with preserved pulmonary function: the subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study (SPIROMICS). European Respiratory Society. 2016,","journal-title":"European Respiratory Society"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204752","article-title":"Bronchodilators in tobacco-exposed persons with symptoms and preserved lung function","volume":"387","author":"Han MK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han MK, Ye W, Wang D, et al.. Bronchodilators in tobacco-exposed persons with symptoms and preserved lung function. N Engl J Med. 2022, 387:1173-84. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2204752","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-02859-4","article-title":"A comparative study of bronchodilator response: utilizing pre-bronchodilator versus predicted normal values","volume":"24","author":"Alexis A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alexis A, Punjabi NM, Grealis K, Wanner A. A comparative study of bronchodilator response: utilizing pre-bronchodilator versus predicted normal values. BMC Pulm Med. 2024, 24:54. 10.1186\/s12890-024-02859-4","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02682-3","article-title":"Bronchodilator reversibility testing in morbidly obese non-smokers: fluticasone\/salmeterol efficacy versus salbutamol bronchodilator","volume":"23","author":"Ahmed MI","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed MI, Ahmed RI, Osama H, et al.. Bronchodilator reversibility testing in morbidly obese non-smokers: fluticasone\/salmeterol efficacy versus salbutamol bronchodilator. BMC Pulm Med. 2023, 23:381. 10.1186\/s12890-023-02682-3","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202401-0023OC","article-title":"Respiratory exacerbations and lung function decline in people with smoking history and normal spirometry","volume":"211","author":"Fortis S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fortis S, Strand M, Bhatt SP, et al.. Respiratory exacerbations and lung function decline in people with smoking history and normal spirometry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025, 211:957-65. 10.1164\/rccm.202401-0023OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03198-6","article-title":"The effect of a post-bronchodilator FEV1\/FVC< 0.7 on COPD diagnosis and treatment: a regression discontinuity design","volume":"26","author":"Moffett AT","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moffett AT, Halpern SD, Weissman GE. The effect of a post-bronchodilator FEV1\/FVC&lt; 0.7 on COPD diagnosis and treatment: a regression discontinuity design. Respir Res. 2025, 26:122. 10.1186\/s12931-025-03198-6","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100916","article-title":"Asthma and smoking: a review","volume":"82","author":"Kamga A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamga A, Rochefort-Morel C, Guen YL, Ouksel H, Pipet A, Leroyer C. Asthma and smoking: a review. Respir Med Res. 2022, 82:100916. 10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100916","journal-title":"Respir Med Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030992","article-title":"The impact of tobacco smoking on adult asthma outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Tiotiu A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiotiu A, Ioan I, Wirth N, Romero-Fernandez R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Barcala FJ. The impact of tobacco smoking on adult asthma outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021, 18:10.3390\/ijerph18030992","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/417060-pre--and-post-bronchodilator-spirometry-in-asthmatic-smokers-versus-non-smokers-a-hospital-based-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:43:27Z","timestamp":1759812207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/417060-pre--and-post-bronchodilator-spirometry-in-asthmatic-smokers-versus-non-smokers-a-hospital-based-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.93986","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]}}}