{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T02:36:33Z","timestamp":1770777393742,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.94968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:02:17Z","timestamp":1760954537000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unmasking the Clock: Diurnal Blood Pressure Variation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Hypertension via Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM)"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shiv","family":"Shankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anupam","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shubhalaxmi","family":"Margekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Shailat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.12.005","article-title":"Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: Clinical insights and vascular mechanisms","volume":"34","author":"Petrie JR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrie JR, Guzik TJ, Touyz RM. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: Clinical insights and vascular mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2018, 34:575-84. 10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.12.005","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.72414","article-title":"Correlation of anthropometry with plasma atherogenicity indices in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Sahani JK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sahani JK, Aggarwal R, Ghotekar LH, Prakash A, Singh K, Gupta P. Correlation of anthropometry with plasma atherogenicity indices in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cureus. 2024, 16:e72414. 10.7759\/cureus.72414","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.241","article-title":"Diurnal blood pressure variation and related behavioral factors","volume":"34","author":"Kawano Y","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kawano Y. Diurnal blood pressure variation and related behavioral factors. Hypertens Res. 2011, 34:281-5. 10.1038\/hr.2010.241","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199107000-00012","article-title":"Blood pressure and heart rate variability and reactivity as related to daily activities in normotensive men measured with 24-h intra-arterial recording","volume":"9","author":"Turjanmaa V","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turjanmaa V, Tuomisto M, Fredrikson M, Kalli S, Uusitalo A. Blood pressure and heart rate variability and reactivity as related to daily activities in normotensive men measured with 24-h intra-arterial recording. J Hypertens. 1991, 9:665-73. 10.1097\/00004872-199107000-00012","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-7061(01)02251-8","article-title":"Nighttime blood pressure dipping: the role of the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"15","author":"Sherwood A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sherwood A, Steffen PR, Blumenthal JA, et al.. Nighttime blood pressure dipping: the role of the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Hypertens. 2002, 15:111-8. 10.1016\/s0895-7061(01)02251-8","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.26","article-title":"Diurnal blood pressure variation and sympathetic activity","volume":"33","author":"Grassi G","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grassi G, Bombelli M, Seravalle G, Dell'Oro R, Quarti-Trevano F. Diurnal blood pressure variation and sympathetic activity. Hypertens Res. 2010, 33:381-5. 10.1038\/hr.2010.26","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000416","article-title":"White-coat hypertension, as defined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and subclinical cardiac organ damage: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Cuspidi C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cuspidi C, Rescaldani M, Tadic M, Sala C, Grassi G, Mancia G. White-coat hypertension, as defined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and subclinical cardiac organ damage: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2015, 33:24-32. 10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000416","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350683","article-title":"Altered blood pressure profile, autonomic neuropathy and nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetic patients","volume":"135","author":"Monteagudo PT","year":"1996","unstructured":"Monteagudo PT, N\u00f3brega JC, Cezarini PR, Ferreira SR, Kohlmann O Jr, Ribeiro AB, Zanella MT. Altered blood pressure profile, autonomic neuropathy and nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 1996, 135:683-8. 10.1530\/eje.0.1350683","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641960802068477","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure variability is increased in diabetic hypertensives","volume":"30","author":"Ozawa M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ozawa M, Tamura K, Iwatsubo K, et al.. Ambulatory blood pressure variability is increased in diabetic hypertensives. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008, 30:213-24. 10.1080\/10641960802068477","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.14519","article-title":"Circadian rhythm, clock genes, and hypertension: recent advances in hypertension","volume":"78","author":"Costello HM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costello HM, Gumz ML. Circadian rhythm, clock genes, and hypertension: recent advances in hypertension. Hypertension. 2021, 78:1185-96. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.14519","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(78)92998-7","article-title":"Circadian variation of blood-pressure","volume":"1","author":"Millar-Craig MW","year":"1978","unstructured":"Millar-Craig MW, Bishop CN, Raftery EB. Circadian variation of blood-pressure. Lancet Lond Engl. 1978, 1:795-7. 10.1016\/s0140-6736(78)92998-7","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002130","article-title":"Circadian blood pressure: clinical implications based on the pathophysiology of its variability","volume":"71","author":"Peixoto AJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peixoto AJ, White WB. Circadian blood pressure: clinical implications based on the pathophysiology of its variability. Kidney Int. 2007, 71:855-60. 10.1038\/sj.ki.5002130","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.35.3.844","article-title":"Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure : current evidence and clinical implications","volume":"35","author":"Verdecchia P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verdecchia P. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure : current evidence and clinical implications. Hypertension. 2000, 35:844-51. 10.1161\/01.hyp.35.3.844","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90878-9","article-title":"Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias","volume":"335","author":"MacMahon S","year":"1990","unstructured":"MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, et al.. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet Lond Engl. 1990, 335:765-74. 10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90878-9","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105464","article-title":"A diurnal rhythm in plasma renin activity in man","volume":"45","author":"Gordon RD","year":"1966","unstructured":"Gordon RD, Wolfe LK, Island DP, Liddle GW. A diurnal rhythm in plasma renin activity in man. J Clin Invest. 1966, 45:1587-92. 10.1172\/JCI105464","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-6-1210","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of epinephrine and norepinephrine in man","volume":"60","author":"Linsell CR","year":"1985","unstructured":"Linsell CR, Lightman SL, Mullen PE, Brown MJ, Causon RC. Circadian rhythms of epinephrine and norepinephrine in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985, 60:1210-5. 10.1210\/jcem-60-6-1210","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90669-8","article-title":"Major circadian fluctuations in fibrinolytic factors and possible relevance to time of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke","volume":"62","author":"Andreotti F","year":"1988","unstructured":"Andreotti F, Davies GJ, Hackett DR, et al.. Major circadian fluctuations in fibrinolytic factors and possible relevance to time of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke. Am J Cardiol. 1988, 62:635-7. 10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90669-8","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706113162405","article-title":"Concurrent morning increase in platelet aggregability and the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death","volume":"316","author":"Tofler GH","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tofler GH, Brezinski D, Schafer AI, et al.. Concurrent morning increase in platelet aggregability and the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med. 1987, 316:1514-8. 10.1056\/NEJM198706113162405","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.96.6.1859","article-title":"Sodium restriction shifts circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension","volume":"96","author":"Uzu T","year":"1997","unstructured":"Uzu T, Ishikawa K, Fujii T, Nakamura S, Inenaga T, Kimura G. Sodium restriction shifts circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1997, 96:1859-62. 10.1161\/01.cir.96.6.1859","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-7061(98)00200-3","article-title":"Effects of insufficient sleep on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a 24-h study","volume":"12","author":"Lusardi P","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lusardi P, Zoppi A, Preti P, et al.. Effects of insufficient sleep on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a 24-h study. Am J Hypertens. 1999, 12:63-8. 10.1016\/s0895-7061(98)00200-3","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126097-200212000-00002","article-title":"Blood pressure variability in obstructive sleep apnea: role of sympathetic nervous activity and effect of continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"7","author":"Bao X","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bao X, Nelesen RA, Loredo JS, Dimsdale JE, Ziegler MG. Blood pressure variability in obstructive sleep apnea: role of sympathetic nervous activity and effect of continuous positive airway pressure. Blood Press Monit. 2002, 7:301-7. 10.1097\/00126097-200212000-00002","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.34.2.181","article-title":"Effects of potassium on blood pressure in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant black adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Wilson DK","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilson DK, Sica DA, Miller SB. Effects of potassium on blood pressure in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant black adolescents. Hypertension. 1999, 34:181-6. 10.1161\/01.hyp.34.2.181","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Whelton PK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al.. 2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2018, 71:1269-324. 10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13275","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the 21st century","volume":"20","author":"O'Brien E","year":"2018","unstructured":"O'Brien E, White WB, Parati G, Dolan E. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the 21st century. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2018, 20:1108-11. 10.1111\/jch.13275","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328308da66","article-title":"European Society of Hypertension guidelines for blood pressure monitoring at home: a summary report of the Second International Consensus Conference on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring","volume":"26","author":"Parati G","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parati G, Stergiou GS, Asmar R, et al.. European Society of Hypertension guidelines for blood pressure monitoring at home: a summary report of the Second International Consensus Conference on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring. J Hypertens. 2008, 26:1505-26. 10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328308da66","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.702587","article-title":"Effects of time-of-day of hypertension treatment on ambulatory blood pressure and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Moy\u00e1 A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moy\u00e1 A, Crespo JJ, Ayala DE, et al.. Effects of time-of-day of hypertension treatment on ambulatory blood pressure and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes. Chronobiol Int. 2013, 30:116-31. 10.3109\/07420528.2012.702587","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2011.100","article-title":"Abnormalities in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Gorostidi M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gorostidi M, de la Sierra A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Albarr\u00e1n O, et al.. Abnormalities in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with diabetes. Hypertens Res. 2011, 34:1185-9. 10.1038\/hr.2011.100","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.9.1501","article-title":"Reversed circadian blood pressure rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal vascular events in NIDDM subjects","volume":"47","author":"Nakano S","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nakano S, Fukuda M, Hotta F, et al.. Reversed circadian blood pressure rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal vascular events in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes. 1998, 47:1501-6. 10.2337\/diabetes.47.9.1501","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12238","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nighttime dosing of antihypertensives: review of the literature and design of a pragmatic clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Carter BL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carter BL, Chrischilles EA, Rosenthal G, Gryzlak BM, Eisenstein EL, Vander Weg MW. Efficacy and safety of nighttime dosing of antihypertensives: review of the literature and design of a pragmatic clinical trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2014, 16:115-21. 10.1111\/jch.12238","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.701489","article-title":"Circadian pattern of ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Ayala DE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ayala DE, Moy\u00e1 A, Crespo JJ, et al.. Circadian pattern of ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Chronobiol Int. 2013, 30:99-115. 10.3109\/07420528.2012.701489","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/377791-unmasking-the-clock-diurnal-blood-pressure-variation-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-with-hypertension-via-ambulatory-blood-pressure-monitoring-abpm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:02:17Z","timestamp":1760954537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/377791-unmasking-the-clock-diurnal-blood-pressure-variation-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-with-hypertension-via-ambulatory-blood-pressure-monitoring-abpm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.94968","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]}}}