{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:47:52Z","timestamp":1761007672110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.94988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T15:46:36Z","timestamp":1760975196000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Anaphylaxis in the Emergency Department: From Mechanisms to Personalized Care"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ghaith K","family":"Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"AlGoraini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13080920","article-title":"Oxidative stress and mitochondria are involved in anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Piotin A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piotin A, Oulehri W, Charles AL, Tacquard C, Collange O, Mertes PM, Geny B. Oxidative stress and mitochondria are involved in anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation: a systematic review. Antioxidants (Basel). 2024, 13:920. 10.3390\/antiox13080920","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36106\/gjra\/4804508","article-title":"Pediatric anaphylaxis: narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Andrea D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrea D, L\u00f3pez O. Pediatric anaphylaxis: narrative review. Glob J Res Anal. 2023, 12:57-9. 10.36106\/gjra\/4804508","journal-title":"Glob J Res Anal"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.221319","article-title":"Epinephrine in anaphylaxis","volume":"195","author":"Morriello F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morriello F, Chapman M. Epinephrine in anaphylaxis. CMAJ. 2023, 195:E683. 10.1503\/cmaj.221319","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S286692","article-title":"Clinical management of infant anaphylaxis","volume":"14","author":"Carlisle A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carlisle A, Lieberman J. Clinical management of infant anaphylaxis. J Asthma Allergy. 2021, 14:821-7. 10.2147\/JAA.S286692","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9542656","article-title":"Anaphylactic degranulation of mast cells: focus on compound exocytosis","volume":"2019","author":"Klein O","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klein O, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Anaphylactic degranulation of mast cells: focus on compound exocytosis. J Immunol Res. 2019, 2019:9542656. 10.1155\/2019\/9542656","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300136","article-title":"Cannabidiol inhibits IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis in mice","volume":"68","author":"Yang X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang X, Lee D, Kim HW, Park BH, Lim C, Bae EJ. Cannabidiol inhibits IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2024, 68:e2300136. 10.1002\/mnfr.202300136","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1369326","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide inhibits mast cell degranulation by sulphenylation of galectin-9 at cysteine 74","volume":"15","author":"Song J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song J, Zheng J, Li Z, et al.. Sulfur dioxide inhibits mast cell degranulation by sulphenylation of galectin-9 at cysteine 74. Front Immunol. 2024, 15:1369326. 10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1369326","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300188","article-title":"Butyrate, valerate, and niacin ameliorate anaphylaxis by suppressing IgE-dependent mast cell activation: roles of GPR109A, PGE2, and epigenetic regulation","volume":"212","author":"Nagata K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nagata K, Ando D, Ashikari T, et al.. Butyrate, valerate, and niacin ameliorate anaphylaxis by suppressing IgE-dependent mast cell activation: roles of GPR109A, PGE2, and epigenetic regulation. J Immunol. 2024, 212:771-84. 10.4049\/jimmunol.2300188","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00846","article-title":"The mast cell, contact, and coagulation system connection in anaphylaxis","volume":"8","author":"Guilarte M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guilarte M, Sala-Cunill A, Luengo O, Labrador-Horrillo M, Cardona V. The mast cell, contact, and coagulation system connection in anaphylaxis. Front Immunol. 2017, 8:846. 10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00846","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Acute treatment of anaphylaxis in children","volume":"59","author":"Goldman RD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldman RD. Acute treatment of anaphylaxis in children. Can Fam Physician. 2013, 59:740-1.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2023.44.220073","article-title":"Epinephrine autoinjectors: individualizing device and dosage to optimize anaphylaxis management in the community setting","volume":"44","author":"Kim H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim H, Alizadehfar R, Alqurashi W, et al.. Epinephrine autoinjectors: individualizing device and dosage to optimize anaphylaxis management in the community setting. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2023, 44:45-50. 10.2500\/aap.2023.44.220073","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2013.3.2.106","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of pediatric anaphylaxis and the necessity for multiple doses of epinephrine","volume":"3","author":"Inoue N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inoue N, Yamamoto A. Clinical evaluation of pediatric anaphylaxis and the necessity for multiple doses of epinephrine. Asia Pac Allergy. 2013, 3:106-14. 10.5415\/apallergy.2013.3.2.106","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10010024","article-title":"Epinephrine in anaphylaxis: preclinical study of pharmacokinetics after sublingual administration of taste-masked tablets for potential pediatric use","volume":"10","author":"Rachid O","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rachid O, Rawas-Qalaji M, Simons KJ. Epinephrine in anaphylaxis: preclinical study of pharmacokinetics after sublingual administration of taste-masked tablets for potential pediatric use. Pharmaceutics. 2018, 10:24. 10.3390\/pharmaceutics10010024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.12.014","article-title":"A single-period, single-dose study of the pharmacokinetics of epinephrine after administration of intranasal ARS-1 to pediatric subjects with a history of systemic allergic reaction","volume":"151","author":"Li H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, Fleischer D, Lockey R, Kaliner M, Lowenthal R, Tanimoto S. A single-period, single-dose study of the pharmacokinetics of epinephrine after administration of intranasal ARS-1 to pediatric subjects with a history of systemic allergic reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023, 151:AB3. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.12.014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.69419","article-title":"Evaluating practice patterns of observation periods following epinephrine administration for anaphylaxis among pediatric patients","volume":"16","author":"Short HB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Short HB, Walters B, Fabi M, Ravida N, Boehmer S, Reyes L. Evaluating practice patterns of observation periods following epinephrine administration for anaphylaxis among pediatric patients. Cureus. 2024, 16:e69419. 10.7759\/cureus.69419","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-3048-z","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment of pediatric patients with drug-induced anaphylaxis: a study based on pharmacovigilance data","volume":"177","author":"Xing Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xing Y, Zhang H, Sun S, et al.. Clinical features and treatment of pediatric patients with drug-induced anaphylaxis: a study based on pharmacovigilance data. Eur J Pediatr. 2018, 177:145-54. 10.1007\/s00431-017-3048-z","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11030276","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric emergency medicine: a narrative exploration of antibiotic overprescribing, stewardship interventions, and performance metrics","volume":"11","author":"Meesters K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meesters K, Buonsenso D. Antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric emergency medicine: a narrative exploration of antibiotic overprescribing, stewardship interventions, and performance metrics. Children (Basel). 2024, 11:276. 10.3390\/children11030276","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052684","article-title":"Mediator-related symptoms and anaphylaxis in children with mastocytosis","volume":"22","author":"Brockow K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brockow K, Plata-Nazar K, Lange M, Nedoszytko B, Niedoszytko M, Valent P. Mediator-related symptoms and anaphylaxis in children with mastocytosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:2684. 10.3390\/ijms22052684","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16173021","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HD02 and MD159 through mast cell degranulation inhibition in mouse models of atopic dermatitis","volume":"16","author":"Kim AR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim AR, Jeon SG, Kim HR, et al.. Preventive and therapeutic effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HD02 and MD159 through mast cell degranulation inhibition in mouse models of atopic dermatitis. Nutrients. 2024, 16:3021. 10.3390\/nu16173021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2021.103327","article-title":"The 2020 update on anaphylaxis in paediatric population","volume":"39","author":"Tarczo\u0144 I","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tarczo\u0144 I, Cichocka-Jarosz E, Knapp A, Kwinta P. The 2020 update on anaphylaxis in paediatric population. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2022, 39:13-9. 10.5114\/ada.2021.103327","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00614","article-title":"Epidemiology, mechanisms, and diagnosis of drug-induced anaphylaxis","volume":"8","author":"Monta\u00f1ez MI","year":"2017","unstructured":"Monta\u00f1ez MI, Mayorga C, Bogas G, et al.. Epidemiology, mechanisms, and diagnosis of drug-induced anaphylaxis. Front Immunol. 2017, 8:614. 10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00614","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps30082","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic variability in pediatrics and intensive care: toward a personalized dosing approach","volume":"21","author":"Marsot A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marsot A. Pharmacokinetic variability in pediatrics and intensive care: toward a personalized dosing approach. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018, 21:354-62. 10.18433\/jpps30082","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004303","article-title":"Evaluating pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines: a model-based individual data pooled analysis","volume":"20","author":"Galileya LT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galileya LT, Wasmann RE, Chabala C, et al.. Evaluating pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines: a model-based individual data pooled analysis. PLoS Med. 2023, 20:e1004303. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004303","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-022-00535-w","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model-informed dosing guidelines for pediatric clinical care: a pragmatic approach for a special population","volume":"25","author":"Freriksen JJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freriksen JJ, van der Heijden JE, de Hoop-Sommen MA, Greupink R, de Wildt SN. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model-informed dosing guidelines for pediatric clinical care: a pragmatic approach for a special population. Paediatr Drugs. 2023, 25:5-11. 10.1007\/s40272-022-00535-w","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-021-02076-w","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are effective support for pediatric drug development","volume":"22","author":"Wang K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang K, Jiang K, Wei X, Li Y, Wang T, Song Y. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are effective support for pediatric drug development. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2021, 22:208. 10.1208\/s12249-021-02076-w","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101182","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in pediatric intensive care: fostering variability to attain precision medicine","volume":"10","author":"Gijsen M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gijsen M, Vlasselaers D, Spriet I, Allegaert K. Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in pediatric intensive care: fostering variability to attain precision medicine. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021, 10:1182. 10.3390\/antibiotics10101182","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35119","article-title":"Impact of outpatient antihypertensive medication use on epinephrine resistance in anaphylaxis","volume":"15","author":"Snider CS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Snider CS, Hasara SL, Wilson KM, Glueck JA, Barbera AR. Impact of outpatient antihypertensive medication use on epinephrine resistance in anaphylaxis. Cureus. 2023, 15:e35119. 10.7759\/cureus.35119","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-023-09898-0","article-title":"A population pharmacokinetics model of balovaptan to support dose selection in adult and pediatric populations","volume":"51","author":"Schaedeli Stark F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schaedeli Stark F, Chavanne C, Derks M, et al.. A population pharmacokinetics model of balovaptan to support dose selection in adult and pediatric populations. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2024, 51:227-42. 10.1007\/s10928-023-09898-0","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15675","article-title":"Optimal dose of adrenaline auto-injector for children and young people at risk of anaphylaxis: a phase IV randomized controlled crossover study","volume":"78","author":"Patel N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel N, Isaacs E, Duca B, Nagaratnam N, Donovan J, Fontanella S, Turner PJ. Optimal dose of adrenaline auto-injector for children and young people at risk of anaphylaxis: a phase IV randomized controlled crossover study. Allergy. 2023, 78:1997-2006. 10.1111\/all.15675","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00185787251341739","article-title":"Vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome: a systematic review of case reports","author":"Bhumireddy SK","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhumireddy SK, Gudla SS, Vadaga AK, Nandula MS. Vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome: a systematic review of case reports. Hosp Pharm. 2025, 00185787251341739. 10.1177\/00185787251341739","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/425010-pediatric-anaphylaxis-in-the-emergency-department-from-mechanisms-to-personalized-care","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T15:46:37Z","timestamp":1760975197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/425010-pediatric-anaphylaxis-in-the-emergency-department-from-mechanisms-to-personalized-care"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.94988","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]}}}