{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:35:32Z","timestamp":1781534132113,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.95270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T04:42:39Z","timestamp":1761280959000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human Neuromuscular System Identification Using Functional Electrical Stimulation for the Development of a Digital Twin of the Locomotor System"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Hori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Atsuumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2023-0114","article-title":"A digital twin framework for precision neuromusculoskeletal health care: extension upon industrial standards","volume":"39","author":"Saxby DJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saxby DJ, Pizzolato C, Diamond LE. A digital twin framework for precision neuromusculoskeletal health care: extension upon industrial standards. J Appl Biomech. 2023, 39:347-54. 10.1123\/jab.2023-0114","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-018-1758-y","article-title":"Automated muscle segmentation from CT images of the hip and thigh using a hierarchical multi-atlas method","volume":"13","author":"Yokota F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yokota F, Otake Y, Takao M, Ogawa T, Okada T, Sugano N, Sato Y. Automated muscle segmentation from CT images of the hip and thigh using a hierarchical multi-atlas method. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2018, 13:977-86. 10.1007\/s11548-018-1758-y","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00164","article-title":"Equilibrium-point control of human elbow-joint movement under isometric environment by using multichannel functional electrical stimulation","volume":"8","author":"Matsui K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsui K, Hishii Y, Maegaki K, Yamashita Y, Uemura M, Hirai H, Miyazaki F. Equilibrium-point control of human elbow-joint movement under isometric environment by using multichannel functional electrical stimulation. Front Neurosci. 2014, 8:164. 10.3389\/fnins.2014.00164","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14326\/abe.13.205","article-title":"Feasibility of human wrist-joint neuromuscular system identification method using functional electrical stimulation in clinical examinations","volume":"13","author":"Suzuki Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Matsui K, Atsuumi K, Taniguchi K, Hirai H, Nishikawa A. Feasibility of human wrist-joint neuromuscular system identification method using functional electrical stimulation in clinical examinations. Adv Biomed Eng. 2024, 13:205-13. 10.14326\/abe.13.205","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.2042","article-title":"Pilot study of the relation between various dynamics of avatar experience and perceptual characteristics","volume":"10","author":"Okamoto Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Okamoto Y, Matsui K, Ando T, Atsuumi K, Taniguchi K, Hirai H, Nishikawa A. Pilot study of the relation between various dynamics of avatar experience and perceptual characteristics. PeerJ Comput Sci. 2024, 10:e2042. 10.7717\/peerj-cs.2042","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1421765","article-title":"Physio-avatar EB: aftereffects in error learning with EMG manipulation of first-person avatar experience","volume":"12","author":"Ando T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ando T, Matsui K, Okamoto Y, Atsuumi K, Taniguchi K, Hirai H, Nishikawa A. Physio-avatar EB: aftereffects in error learning with EMG manipulation of first-person avatar experience. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024, 12:1421765. 10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1421765","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1986.10735369","article-title":"Once more on the equilibrium-point hypothesis (\u03bb model) for motor control","volume":"18","author":"Feldman AG","year":"1986","unstructured":"Feldman AG. Once more on the equilibrium-point hypothesis (\u03bb model) for motor control. J Mot Behav. 1986, 18:17-54. 10.1080\/00222895.1986.10735369","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Separate cell systems in the motor cortex of the monkey for the control of joint movement and of joint stiffness","volume":"36","author":"Humphrey DR","year":"1982","unstructured":"Humphrey DR. Separate cell systems in the motor cortex of the monkey for the control of joint movement and of joint stiffness. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1982, 36:393-408.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20965\/jaciii.2011.p0980","article-title":"Decomposition of limb movement based on muscular coordination during human running","volume":"15","author":"Iimura T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iimura T, Inoue K, Pham HT, Hirai H, Miyazaki F. Decomposition of limb movement based on muscular coordination during human running. J Adv Comput Intell Intell Inform. 2011, 15:980-7. 10.20965\/jaciii.2011.p0980","journal-title":"J Adv Comput Intell Intell Inform"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2012.6224662","article-title":"Novel equilibrium-point control of agonist-antagonist system with pneumatic artificial muscles","author":"Ariga Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ariga Y, Pham HTT, Uemura M, Hirai H, Miyazaki F. Novel equilibrium-point control of agonist-antagonist system with pneumatic artificial muscles. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, Saint Paul, MN, USA; 2012. 10.1109\/ICRA.2012.6224662"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1541\/ieejeiss.145.548","article-title":"Tendency of characteristic change by electrical agonist-antagonist muscle sum when using a human neuromuscular system identification method [Article in Japanese]","volume":"145","author":"Hori S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hori S, Matsui K, Atsuumi K, Taniguchi K, Hirai H, Nishikawa A. Tendency of characteristic change by electrical agonist-antagonist muscle sum when using a human neuromuscular system identification method [Article in Japanese]. IEEJ Trans Electron Inf Syst. 2025, 145:548-9. 10.1541\/ieejeiss.145.548","journal-title":"IEEJ Trans Electron Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(03)00167-5","article-title":"Time-delay systems: an overview of some recent advances and open problems","volume":"39","author":"Richard JP","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richard JP. Time-delay systems: an overview of some recent advances and open problems. Automatica. 2003, 39:1667-94. 10.1016\/S0005-1098(03)00167-5","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00801.2007","article-title":"Neuromusculoskeletal torque-generation process has a large destabilizing effect on the control mechanism of quiet standing","volume":"100","author":"Masani K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Masani K, Vette AH, Kawashima N, Popovic MR. Neuromusculoskeletal torque-generation process has a large destabilizing effect on the control mechanism of quiet standing. J Neurophysiol. 2008, 100:1465-75. 10.1152\/jn.00801.2007","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14326\/abe.9.138","article-title":"Relationships among electromyogram, displacement and velocity of the center of pressure, and muscle stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during quiet standing","volume":"9","author":"Uchiyama T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uchiyama T, Kondo G. Relationships among electromyogram, displacement and velocity of the center of pressure, and muscle stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during quiet standing. Adv Biomed Eng. 2020, 9:138-45. 10.14326\/abe.9.138","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Characteristic of dynamics changes induced by electrical agonist-antagonist muscle sum in human neuromuscular system identification. examination of electrical agonist-antagonist muscle ratio input with broad frequency range","author":"Hori S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hori S, Matsui K, Hirai H, Nishikawa A. Characteristic of dynamics changes induced by electrical agonist-antagonist muscle sum in human neuromuscular system identification. examination of electrical agonist-antagonist muscle ratio input with broad frequency range. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (SICE), System Integration Division. 2024."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b97636","article-title":"","year":"2022","unstructured":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference. A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. Burnham KP, Anderson DR (ed): Springer, New York, NY; 2022. 10.1007\/b97636"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Exploratory Data Analysis, Vol. 2","author":"Tukey JW","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tukey JW. Exploratory Data Analysis, Vol. 2. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA; 1977."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.023267","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence of adult human skeletal muscle fibres with multiple endplates and polyneuronal innervation","volume":"544","author":"Lateva ZC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lateva ZC, McGill KC, Johanson ME. Electrophysiological evidence of adult human skeletal muscle fibres with multiple endplates and polyneuronal innervation. J Physiol. 2002, 544:549-65. 10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.023267","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2024.102937","article-title":"Tutorial. Frequency analysis of the surface EMG signal: best practices","volume":"79","author":"Muceli S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muceli S, Merletti R. Tutorial. Frequency analysis of the surface EMG signal: best practices. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2024, 79:102937. 10.1016\/j.jelekin.2024.102937","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/409850-human-neuromuscular-system-identification-using-functional-electrical-stimulation-for-the-development-of-a-digital-twin-of-the-locomotor-system","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T04:42:41Z","timestamp":1761280961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/409850-human-neuromuscular-system-identification-using-functional-electrical-stimulation-for-the-development-of-a-digital-twin-of-the-locomotor-system"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.95270","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]}}}