{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:59:16Z","timestamp":1768589956953,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.95326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T14:40:19Z","timestamp":1761316819000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transformation of Lactotroph Pituitary Adenoma to Metastatic Pituitary Carcinoma: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Keegan","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Midhad","family":"Mrvoljak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chinyere L","family":"Njoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shrikiriti S","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses O","family":"Evbuomwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-022-2673-6","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of pituitary adenomas\/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: clinical practices, controversies, and perspectives","volume":"42","author":"Wan XY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wan XY, Chen J, Wang JW, Liu YC, Shu K, Lei T. Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of pituitary adenomas\/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: clinical practices, controversies, and perspectives. Curr Med Sci. 2022, 42:1111-8. 10.1007\/s11596-022-2673-6","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59602-4.00012-5","article-title":"Nonfunctioning pituitary tumors","volume":"124","author":"Molitch ME","year":"2014","unstructured":"Molitch ME. Nonfunctioning pituitary tumors. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014, 124:167-84. 10.1016\/B978-0-444-59602-4.00012-5","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000497205","article-title":"Aggressive and malignant prolactinomas","volume":"109","author":"Olarescu NC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olarescu NC, Perez-Rivas LG, Gatto F, Cuny T, Tichomirowa MA, Tamagno G, Gahete MD. Aggressive and malignant prolactinomas. Neuroendocrinology. 2019, 109:57-69. 10.1159\/000497205","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00227-X","article-title":"Prolactin-secreting adenomas: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"13","author":"Fleseriu M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fleseriu M, Varlamov EV, Akirov A, Langlois F, Petersenn S, Melmed S. Prolactin-secreting adenomas: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025, 13:874-90. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00227-X","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0189","article-title":"The epidemiology of pituitary adenomas in Iceland, 1955-2012: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"173","author":"Agustsson TT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agustsson TT, Baldvinsdottir T, Jonasson JG, et al.. The epidemiology of pituitary adenomas in Iceland, 1955-2012: a nationwide population-based study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015, 173:655-64. 10.1530\/EJE-15-0189","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of pituitary tumors","volume":"33","author":"Asa SL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asa SL, Mete O, Perry A, Osamura RY. Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of pituitary tumors. Endocr Pathol. 2022, 33:6-26. 10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ23-0007","article-title":"Aggressive pituitary tumors (PitNETs)","volume":"70","author":"Nishioka H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nishioka H. Aggressive pituitary tumors (PitNETs). Endocr J. 2023, 70:241-8. 10.1507\/endocrj.EJ23-0007","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13302","article-title":"The 2022 WHO classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: an update on aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"35","author":"Casar-Borota O","year":"2025","unstructured":"Casar-Borota O, Burman P, Lopes MB. The 2022 WHO classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: an update on aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Brain Pathol. 2025, 35:e13302. 10.1111\/bpa.13302","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_112_2019","article-title":"Pituitary carcinomas: rare and challenging","volume":"10","author":"Sinclair G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinclair G, Olsson M, Benmakhlouf H, Al-Saffar Y, Johnstone P, Hatiboglu MA, Shamikh A. Pituitary carcinomas: rare and challenging. Surg Neurol Int. 2019, 10:161. 10.25259\/SNI_112_2019","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01341-4","article-title":"Metastatic pituitary tumors: an institutional case series","volume":"26","author":"Yearley AG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yearley AG, Chalif EJ, Gupta S, et al.. Metastatic pituitary tumors: an institutional case series. Pituitary. 2023, 26:561-72. 10.1007\/s11102-023-01341-4","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1692","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Melmed S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, Kleinberg DL, Montori VM, Schlechte JA, Wass JA. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011, 96:273-88. 10.1210\/jc.2010-1692","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0796","article-title":"European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas","volume":"178","author":"Raverot G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raverot G, Burman P, McCormack A, et al.. European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018, 178:G1-24. 10.1530\/EJE-17-0796","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-019-9568-5","article-title":"An institutional experience of tumor progression to pituitary carcinoma in a 15-year cohort of 1055 consecutive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"30","author":"Alshaikh OM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alshaikh OM, Asa SL, Mete O, Ezzat S. An institutional experience of tumor progression to pituitary carcinoma in a 15-year cohort of 1055 consecutive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Pathol. 2019, 30:118-27. 10.1007\/s12022-019-9568-5","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2019.1582750","article-title":"Pituitary carcinomas: review of the current literature and report of atypical case","volume":"34","author":"Todeschini AB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Todeschini AB, Beer-Furlan A, Montaser AS, et al.. Pituitary carcinomas: review of the current literature and report of atypical case. Br J Neurosurg. 2020, 34:528-33. 10.1080\/02688697.2019.1582750","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-3016(02)02967-x","article-title":"Results of whole brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer: a retrospective study","volume":"54","author":"Mahmoud-Ahmed AS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahmoud-Ahmed AS, Suh JH, Lee SY, Crownover RL, Barnett GH. Results of whole brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer: a retrospective study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022, 54:810-7. 10.1016\/s0360-3016(02)02967-x","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-009-0194-y","article-title":"Possible role of a radiation-induced p53 mutation in a Nelson's syndrome patient with a fatal outcome","volume":"14","author":"Pinto EM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinto EM, Siqueira SA, Cukier P, Fragoso MC, Lin CJ, de Mendonca BB. Possible role of a radiation-induced p53 mutation in a Nelson's syndrome patient with a fatal outcome. Pituitary. 2011, 14:400-4. 10.1007\/s11102-009-0194-y","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0933","article-title":"Treatment of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas: results of a European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey 2016","volume":"178","author":"McCormack A","year":"2018","unstructured":"McCormack A, Dekkers OM, Petersenn S, Popovic V, Trouillas J, Raverot G, Burman P. Treatment of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas: results of a European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey 2016. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018, 178:265-76. 10.1530\/EJE-17-0933","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199604000-00027","article-title":"p53 expression in pituitary adenomas and carcinomas: correlation with invasiveness and tumor growth fractions","volume":"38","author":"Thapar K","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thapar K, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Pernicone PJ, Laws ER. p53 expression in pituitary adenomas and carcinomas: correlation with invasiveness and tumor growth fractions. Neurosurgery. 1996, 38:765-70.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-010-0249-0","article-title":"MGMT immunoexpression in aggressive pituitary adenoma and carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Lau Q","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lau Q, Scheithauer B, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Syro LV, Lloyd R. MGMT immunoexpression in aggressive pituitary adenoma and carcinoma. Pituitary. 2010, 13:367-79. 10.1007\/s11102-010-0249-0","journal-title":"Pituitary"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/348490-transformation-of-lactotroph-pituitary-adenoma-to-metastatic-pituitary-carcinoma-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T14:40:20Z","timestamp":1761316820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/348490-transformation-of-lactotroph-pituitary-adenoma-to-metastatic-pituitary-carcinoma-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.95326","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]}}}