{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:39:52Z","timestamp":1788921592786,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.95400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:28:41Z","timestamp":1761420521000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Contemporary Therapies on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Wisam","family":"Bachar Al Sumodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muslim","family":"Sajjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami Ullah","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Mirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12051098","article-title":"Diabetes and renal complications: an overview on pathophysiology, biomarkers and therapeutic interventions","volume":"12","author":"Jha R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jha R, Lopez-Trevino S, Kankanamalage HR, Jha JC. Diabetes and renal complications: an overview on pathophysiology, biomarkers and therapeutic interventions. Biomedicines. 2024, 12:1098. 10.3390\/biomedicines12051098","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/kidneydial2030038","article-title":"The epidemiology of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Hoogeveen EK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoogeveen EK. The epidemiology of diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Dial. 2022, 2:433-42. 10.3390\/kidneydial2030038","journal-title":"Kidney Dial"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111393","article-title":"The dual burden: exploring cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Caturano A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caturano A, Galiero R, Rocco M, et al.. The dual burden: exploring cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease. Biomolecules. 2024, 14:1393. 10.3390\/biom14111393","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00803-3","article-title":"Blood pressure reduction and RAAS inhibition in diabetic kidney disease: therapeutic potentials and limitations","volume":"33","author":"Leoncini G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leoncini G, Viazzi F, De Cosmo S, Russo G, Fioretto P, Pontremoli R. Blood pressure reduction and RAAS inhibition in diabetic kidney disease: therapeutic potentials and limitations. J Nephrol. 2020, 33:949-63. 10.1007\/s40620-020-00803-3","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000477","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist discontinuation in patients with CKD","volume":"36","author":"Gregg LP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gregg LP, Richardson PA, Nambi V, Petersen LA, Matheny ME, Virani SS, Navaneethan SD. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist discontinuation in patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025, 36:87-98. 10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000477","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2025.2545939","article-title":"Observation of the therapeutic effect of finerenone, a novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in patients with non-diabetic CKD","volume":"47","author":"Li F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li F, Han J, Zhang W, et al.. Observation of the therapeutic effect of finerenone, a novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in patients with non-diabetic CKD. Ren Fail. 2025, 47:2545939. 10.1080\/0886022X.2025.2545939","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03264-4","article-title":"Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Vaduganathan M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaduganathan M, Filippatos G, Claggett BL, et al.. Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes. Nat Med. 2024, 30:3758-64. 10.1038\/s41591-024-03264-4","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1631053","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenesis to multimodal therapy-current evidence and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Zhang H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang H, Wang K, Zhao H, et al.. Diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenesis to multimodal therapy-current evidence and future directions. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025, 12:1631053. 10.3389\/fmed.2025.1631053","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839919893361","article-title":"A review of the PubMed PICO tool: using evidence-based practice in health education","volume":"21","author":"Brown D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown D. A review of the PubMed PICO tool: using evidence-based practice in health education. Health Promot Pract. 2020, 21:496-8. 10.1177\/1524839919893361","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2165","article-title":"The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool 2 (RoB 2) versus the original RoB: a perspective on the pros and cons","volume":"7","author":"Nejadghaderi SA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nejadghaderi SA, Balibegloo M, Rezaei N. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool 2 (RoB 2) versus the original RoB: a perspective on the pros and cons. Health Sci Rep. 2024, 7:e2165. 10.1002\/hsr2.2165","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2022.0043.R1.07042022","article-title":"Assessment of the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence: GRADE checklist. A descriptive study","volume":"140","author":"Bezerra CT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bezerra CT, Grande AJ, Galv\u00e3o VK, Santos DH, Atallah \u00c1N, Silva V. Assessment of the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence: GRADE checklist. A descriptive study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2022, 140:829-36. 10.1590\/1516-3180.2022.0043.R1.07042022","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Filippatos G, Pitt B, et al.. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022, 43:474-84. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000149","article-title":"Outcomes with finerenone in participants with stage 4 CKD and type 2 diabetes: a FIDELITY subgroup analysis","volume":"18","author":"Sarafidis P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarafidis P, Agarwal R, Pitt B, et al.. Outcomes with finerenone in participants with stage 4 CKD and type 2 diabetes: a FIDELITY subgroup analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023, 18:602-12. 10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000149","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076444","article-title":"Finerenone cardiovascular and kidney outcomes by age and sex: FIDELITY post hoc analysis of two phase 3, multicentre, double-blind trials","volume":"14","author":"Bansal S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bansal S, Canziani ME, Birne R, et al.. Finerenone cardiovascular and kidney outcomes by age and sex: FIDELITY post hoc analysis of two phase 3, multicentre, double-blind trials. BMJ Open. 2024, 14:e076444. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076444","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14962","article-title":"Finerenone and left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Filippatos G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Filippatos G, Anker SD, Bakris GL, et al.. Finerenone and left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. ESC Heart Fail. 2025, 12:185-8. 10.1002\/ehf2.14962","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14883","article-title":"Finerenone in patients across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use","volume":"25","author":"Rossing P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rossing P, Agarwal R, Anker SD, et al.. Finerenone in patients across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023, 25:407-16. 10.1111\/dom.14883","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3569","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by diuretic use: a FIDELITY analysis","volume":"27","author":"Mentz RJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mentz RJ, Anker SD, Pitt B, et al.. Efficacy and safety of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by diuretic use: a FIDELITY analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2025, 27:764-74. 10.1002\/ejhf.3569","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-021-01082-2","article-title":"Finerenone dose-exposure-response for the primary kidney outcome in FIDELIO-DKD phase III: population pharmacokinetic and time-to-event analysis","volume":"61","author":"van den Berg P","year":"2022","unstructured":"van den Berg P, Ruppert M, Mesic E, et al.. Finerenone dose-exposure-response for the primary kidney outcome in FIDELIO-DKD phase III: population pharmacokinetic and time-to-event analysis. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022, 61:439-50. 10.1007\/s40262-021-01082-2","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018040443","article-title":"The long-term impact of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition on cardiorenal outcomes (LIRICO): a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Saglimbene V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saglimbene V, Palmer SC, Ruospo M, et al.. The long-term impact of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition on cardiorenal outcomes (LIRICO): a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018, 29:2890-9. 10.1681\/ASN.2018040443","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd24-0036","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in diabetic kidney disease: clinical evidence and potential adverse events","volume":"43","author":"Upadhyay A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Upadhyay A, Haider L. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in diabetic kidney disease: clinical evidence and potential adverse events. Clin Diabetes. 2025, 43:43-52. 10.2337\/cd24-0036","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-024-00586-z","article-title":"Finerenone: a breakthrough mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"76","author":"Pradhan A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pradhan A, Tripathi UC. Finerenone: a breakthrough mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Egypt Heart J. 2024, 76:159. 10.1186\/s43044-024-00586-z","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","article-title":"KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease","volume":"102","year":"2022","unstructured":"KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2022, 102.S1-S127. 10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpac124","article-title":"The nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonist finerenone in cardiorenal medicine: a state-of-the-art review of the literature","volume":"36","author":"Georgianos PI","year":"2023","unstructured":"Georgianos PI, Agarwal R. The nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonist finerenone in cardiorenal medicine: a state-of-the-art review of the literature. Am J Hypertens. 2023, 36:135-43. 10.1093\/ajh\/hpac124","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62891-8","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors versus SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy in patients with MASLD","volume":"16","author":"Wu JY","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu JY, Hsu WH, Kuo CC, et al.. A retrospective analysis of combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors versus SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy in patients with MASLD. Nat Commun. 2025, 16:7459. 10.1038\/s41467-025-62891-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/421264-effects-of-contemporary-therapies-on-cardiovascular-and-renal-outcomes-in-diabetic-kidney-disease-a-systematic-review-of-randomized-controlled-trials-rcts","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:28:42Z","timestamp":1761420522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/421264-effects-of-contemporary-therapies-on-cardiovascular-and-renal-outcomes-in-diabetic-kidney-disease-a-systematic-review-of-randomized-controlled-trials-rcts"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.95400","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]}}}