{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:09:10Z","timestamp":1761905350334,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.95807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:05:21Z","timestamp":1761905121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rethinking Thoracotomy Analgesia: Paravertebral Block Versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Real-World Practice"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obaid U","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad K","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sheharyar Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abid H","family":"Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahad R","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex002","article-title":"Postoperative pulmonary complications","volume":"118","author":"Miskovic A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miskovic A, Lumb AB. Postoperative pulmonary complications. Br J Anaesth. 2017, 118:317-34. 10.1093\/bja\/aex002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.165852","article-title":"Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy","volume":"59","author":"Sengupta S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sengupta S. Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy. Indian J Anaesth. 2015, 59:618-26. 10.4103\/0019-5049.165852","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy301","article-title":"Guidelines for enhanced recovery after lung surgery: recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS\u00ae) Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS)","volume":"55","author":"Batchelor TJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Batchelor TJ, Rasburn NJ, Abdelnour-Berchtold E, et al.. Guidelines for enhanced recovery after lung surgery: recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS\u00ae) Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019, 55:91-115. 10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy301","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009121.pub2","article-title":"Paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural for patients undergoing thoracotomy","volume":"2","author":"Yeung JH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yeung JH, Gates S, Naidu BV, Wilson MJ, Gao Smith F. Paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural for patients undergoing thoracotomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016, 2:CD009121. 10.1002\/14651858.CD009121.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1722314","article-title":"Paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain relief: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"70","author":"Xu M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu M, Hu J, Yan J, Yan H, Zhang C. Paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain relief: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022, 70:413-21. 10.1055\/s-0040-1722314","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-024-00437-0","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of thoracic epidural analgesia versus other analgesic techniques in patients post-oesophagectomy","volume":"13","author":"Macrosson D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Macrosson D, Beebeejaun A, Odor PM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of thoracic epidural analgesia versus other analgesic techniques in patients post-oesophagectomy. Perioper Med (Lond). 2024, 13:80. 10.1186\/s13741-024-00437-0","journal-title":"Perioper Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004850","article-title":"Movement-evoked pain versus pain at rest in postsurgical clinical trials and in meta-analyses: an updated systematic review","volume":"140","author":"Gilron I","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gilron I, Lao N, Carley M, Camir\u00e9 D, Kehlet H, Brennan TJ, Erb J. Movement-evoked pain versus pain at rest in postsurgical clinical trials and in meta-analyses: an updated systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2024, 140:442-9. 10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004850","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.013","article-title":"Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus statement on intraoperative blood pressure, risk and outcomes for elective surgery","volume":"122","author":"Sessler DI","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sessler DI, Bloomstone JA, Aronson S, et al.. Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus statement on intraoperative blood pressure, risk and outcomes for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2019, 122:563-74. 10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.019","article-title":"Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus statement on postoperative blood pressure, risk and outcomes for elective surgery","volume":"122","author":"McEvoy MD","year":"2019","unstructured":"McEvoy MD, Gupta R, Koepke EJ, et al.. Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus statement on postoperative blood pressure, risk and outcomes for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2019, 122:575-86. 10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The STROBE statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm E","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al.. The STROBE statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007, 370:1453-7. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005250","article-title":"Intraoperative hypotension is associated with adverse clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery","volume":"132","author":"Gregory A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gregory A, Stapelfeldt WH, Khanna AK, et al.. Intraoperative hypotension is associated with adverse clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2021, 132:1654-65. 10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005250","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6607","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies","volume":"34","author":"Austin PC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Austin PC, Stuart EA. Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies. Stat Med. 2015, 34:3661-79. 10.1002\/sim.6607","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","article-title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice","volume":"30","author":"White IR","year":"2011","unstructured":"White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med. 2011, 30:377-99. 10.1002\/sim.4067","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy201","article-title":"Addressing extreme propensity scores via the overlap weights","volume":"188","author":"Li F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li F, Thomas LE, Li F. Addressing extreme propensity scores via the overlap weights. Am J Epidemiol. 2019, 188:250-7. 10.1093\/aje\/kwy201","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang KY","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986, 73:13-22. 10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. 1995, 57:289-300. 10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value","volume":"167","author":"VanderWeele TJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"VanderWeele TJ, Ding P. Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value. Ann Intern Med. 2017, 167:268-74. 10.7326\/M16-2607","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb","article-title":"Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies","volume":"21","author":"Lipsitch M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lipsitch M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Cohen T. Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies. Epidemiology. 2010, 21:383-8. 10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.07.051","article-title":"Postoperative recovery with continuous erector spinae plane block or video-assisted paravertebral block after minimally invasive thoracic surgery: a prospective, randomised controlled trial","volume":"130","author":"Moorthy A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moorthy A, N\u00ed Eochag\u00e1in A, Dempsey E, et al.. Postoperative recovery with continuous erector spinae plane block or video-assisted paravertebral block after minimally invasive thoracic surgery: a prospective, randomised controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2023, 130:e137-47. 10.1016\/j.bja.2022.07.051","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.33394","article-title":"Assessment of intercostal nerve block analgesia for thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Guerra-Londono CE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guerra-Londono CE, Privorotskiy A, Cozowicz C, Hicklen RS, Memtsoudis SG, Mariano ER, Cata JP. Assessment of intercostal nerve block analgesia for thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021, 4:e2133394. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.33394","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.07.038","article-title":"Paravertebral vs epidural anesthesia for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized trial","volume":"116","author":"Wu Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Z, Wang Q, Wu C, et al.. Paravertebral vs epidural anesthesia for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2023, 116:1006-12. 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.07.038","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-103","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of general anesthesia combined with paravertebral blockade on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ren P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren P, Du Y, He G, Jiang D. Efficacy and safety of general anesthesia combined with paravertebral blockade on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2022, 14:431-42. 10.21037\/jtd-22-103","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15609","article-title":"PROSPECT guidelines for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations","volume":"77","author":"Feray S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feray S, Lubach J, Joshi GP, Bonnet F, Van de Velde M. PROSPECT guidelines for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia. 2022, 77:311-25. 10.1111\/anae.15609","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.5228","article-title":"Effectiveness of surgeon-performed paravertebral block under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery vs ultrasound-guided paravertebral block by anesthesiologists: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"158","author":"Chenesseau J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chenesseau J, Fourdrain A, Pastene B, et al.. Effectiveness of surgeon-performed paravertebral block under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery vs ultrasound-guided paravertebral block by anesthesiologists: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2023, 158:1255-63. 10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.5228","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S396530","article-title":"Effectiveness of thoracic wall blocks in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a network meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Scorsese G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scorsese G, Jin Z, Greenspan S, Seiter C, Jiang Y, Huang MB, Lin J. Effectiveness of thoracic wall blocks in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a network meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2023, 16:707-24. 10.2147\/JPR.S396530","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2023.05.001","article-title":"Regional analgesia for acute pain relief after open thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery","volume":"23","author":"Mehta S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mehta S, Jen TT, Hamilton DL. Regional analgesia for acute pain relief after open thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. BJA Educ. 2023, 23:295-303. 10.1016\/j.bjae.2023.05.001","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12702","article-title":"Nationwide incidence of serious complications of epidural analgesia in the United States","volume":"60","author":"Rosero EB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosero EB, Joshi GP. Nationwide incidence of serious complications of epidural analgesia in the United States. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016, 60:810-20. 10.1111\/aas.12702","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-1924","article-title":"The ideal regional block after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: do we have it?","volume":"16","author":"Lumsden S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lumsden S, Lai E, Cata JP. The ideal regional block after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: do we have it?. J Thorac Dis. 2024, 16:2674-6. 10.21037\/jtd-23-1924","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-1896","article-title":"Is paravertebral block the new standard of care for postoperative analgesia after thoracoscopic surgery?","volume":"16","author":"Aiolfi A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aiolfi A, Bona D, Shabat G, Resta M, Bonavina L. Is paravertebral block the new standard of care for postoperative analgesia after thoracoscopic surgery?. J Thorac Dis. 2024, 16:2677-80. 10.21037\/jtd-23-1896","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/425845-rethinking-thoracotomy-analgesia-paravertebral-block-versus-thoracic-epidural-analgesia-in-real-world-practice","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:05:23Z","timestamp":1761905123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/425845-rethinking-thoracotomy-analgesia-paravertebral-block-versus-thoracic-epidural-analgesia-in-real-world-practice"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.95807","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}}}