{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T07:22:09Z","timestamp":1762500129599,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.96269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T07:17:58Z","timestamp":1762499878000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subclinical Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Lusaka, Zambia: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Nsala","family":"Sanjase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Shuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn K","family":"Ngandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seke","family":"Muzazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kondwelani","family":"Mateyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monde","family":"Muyoyeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.82469","article-title":"Estimating the contribution of subclinical tuberculosis disease to transmission: an individual patient data analysis from prevalence surveys","volume":"12","author":"Emery JC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emery JC, Dodd PJ, Banu S, et al.. Estimating the contribution of subclinical tuberculosis disease to transmission: an individual patient data analysis from prevalence surveys. Elife. 2023, 12:10.7554\/eLife.82469","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202006-2394PP","article-title":"The epidemiological importance of subclinical tuberculosis: a critical reappraisal","volume":"203","author":"Kendall EA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kendall EA, Shrestha S, Dowdy DW. The epidemiological importance of subclinical tuberculosis: a critical reappraisal. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021, 203:168-74. 10.1164\/rccm.202006-2394PP","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.09.13.21263499","article-title":"The natural history of TB disease: a synthesis of data to quantify progression and regression across the spectrum [PREPRINT]","volume":"14","author":"Richards AS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Richards AS, Sossen B, Emery JC, Horton KC, Heinsohn T, Frascella B. The natural history of TB disease: a synthesis of data to quantify progression and regression across the spectrum [PREPRINT]. medRxiv. 2021, 14:10.1101\/2021.09.13.21263499","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad027","article-title":"Disease transmission by patients with subclinical tuberculosis","volume":"76","author":"Nguyen HV","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen HV, Tiemersma E, Nguyen NV, Nguyen HB, Cobelens F. Disease transmission by patients with subclinical tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2023, 76:2000-6. 10.1093\/cid\/ciad027","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00011-2","article-title":"Prevalence of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis in adults in community settings: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Stuck L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stuck L, Klinkenberg E, Abdelgadir Ali N, et al.. Prevalence of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis in adults in community settings: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024, 24:10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00011-2","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.965359","article-title":"Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the spectrum of the tuberculosis disease","volume":"9","author":"Alebouyeh S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alebouyeh S, Weinrick B, Achkar JM, Garc\u00eda MJ, Prados-Rosales R. Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the spectrum of the tuberculosis disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022, 9:965359. 10.3389\/fmed.2022.965359","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 3: diagnosis","year":"2025","unstructured":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. module 3: diagnosis. World Health Organisation, Geneva; 2025."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.13.20178483","article-title":"Automated chest radiograph diagnosis: a two-fer for tuberculosis and COVID-19 [PREPRINT]","author":"Verma M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verma M, Patkar D, Ingalharikar M, Kharat A, Ajmera P, Kulkarni V. Automated chest radiograph diagnosis: a two-fer for tuberculosis and COVID-19 [PREPRINT]. medRxiv. 2020, 10.1101\/2020.10.13.20178483","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1050","article-title":"How \"subclinical\" is subclinical tuberculosis? An analysis of national prevalence survey data from Zambia","volume":"75","author":"Stuck L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stuck L, van Haaster AC, Kapata-Chanda P, Klinkenberg E, Kapata N, Cobelens F. How \"subclinical\" is subclinical tuberculosis? An analysis of national prevalence survey data from Zambia. Clin Infect Dis. 2022, 75:842-8. 10.1093\/cid\/ciab1050","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02250.x","article-title":"Dynamic changes in biomarker profiles associated with clinical and subclinical tuberculosis in a high transmission setting: a four-year follow-up study","volume":"69","author":"Talat N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Talat N, Shahid F, Dawood G, Hussain R. Dynamic changes in biomarker profiles associated with clinical and subclinical tuberculosis in a high transmission setting: a four-year follow-up study. Scand J Immunol. 2009, 69:537-46. 10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02250.x","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0079-2021","article-title":"The definition of tuberculosis infection based on the spectrum of tuberculosis disease","volume":"17","author":"Migliori GB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migliori GB, Ong CW, Petrone L, D'Ambrosio L, Centis R, Goletti D. The definition of tuberculosis infection based on the spectrum of tuberculosis disease. Breathe (Sheff). 2021, 17:210079. 10.1183\/20734735.0079-2021","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11798-2","article-title":"Systemic acquired resistance networks amplify airborne defense cues","volume":"10","author":"Wenig M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wenig M, Ghirardo A, Sales JH, et al.. Systemic acquired resistance networks amplify airborne defense cues. Nat Commun. 2019, 10:3813. 10.1038\/s41467-019-11798-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S48964","article-title":"Smears and cultures for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in an asymptomatic immigrant population","volume":"6","author":"Assael R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Assael R, Cervantes J, Barrera G. Smears and cultures for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in an asymptomatic immigrant population. Int J Gen Med. 2013, 6:777-9. 10.2147\/IJGM.S48964","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Update on tuberculosis\/HIV coinfections: across the spectrum from latent infection through drug-susceptible and drug-resistant disease","volume":"30","author":"Ignatius EH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ignatius EH, Swindells S. Update on tuberculosis\/HIV coinfections: across the spectrum from latent infection through drug-susceptible and drug-resistant disease. Top Antivir Med. 2022, 30:464-72.","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1402","article-title":"Subclinical tuberculosis disease: a review and analysis of prevalence surveys to inform definitions, burden, associations, and screening methodology","volume":"73","author":"Frascella B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frascella B, Richards AS, Sossen B, et al.. Subclinical tuberculosis disease: a review and analysis of prevalence surveys to inform definitions, burden, associations, and screening methodology. Clin Infect Dis. 2021, 73:e830-41. 10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1402","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/dint_a_00198","article-title":"Computer-aided detection of tuberculosis from microbiological and radiographic images","volume":"5","author":"Ibrahim AU","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ibrahim AU, Kibarer AG, Al-Turjman F. Computer-aided detection of tuberculosis from microbiological and radiographic images. Data Intell. 2023, 5:1008-32. 10.1162\/dint_a_00198","journal-title":"Data Intell"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21008-7","article-title":"Association between testosterone levels and\u00a0bone mineral density in females aged 40-60\u00a0years from NHANES 2011-2016","volume":"12","author":"Zhang H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Ma K, Li RM, Li JN, Gao SF, Ma LN. Association between testosterone levels and\u00a0bone mineral density in females aged 40-60\u00a0years from NHANES 2011-2016. Sci Rep. 2022, 12:16426. 10.1038\/s41598-022-21008-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4800-y","article-title":"Identification of subclinical tuberculosis in household contacts using exposure scores and contact investigations","volume":"20","author":"Bekken GK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bekken GK, Ritz C, Selvam S, Jesuraj N, Hesseling AC, Doherty TM. Identification of subclinical tuberculosis in household contacts using exposure scores and contact investigations. BMC Infect Dis. 2020, 20:96. 10.1186\/s12879-020-4800-y","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8020089","article-title":"Challenges and the way forward in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection","volume":"8","author":"Chin KL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chin KL, Anibarro L, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A. Challenges and the way forward in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023, 8:10.3390\/tropicalmed8020089","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/355379-subclinical-tuberculosis-diagnosis-in-lusaka-zambia-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T07:17:58Z","timestamp":1762499878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/355379-subclinical-tuberculosis-diagnosis-in-lusaka-zambia-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.96269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]}}}