{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:35:12Z","timestamp":1792694112181,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.97119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T06:23:39Z","timestamp":1763447019000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Translational Potential"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jiliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.066","article-title":"Fundamentals of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"157","author":"Kirnaz S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kirnaz S, Capadona C, Wong T, et al.. Fundamentals of intervertebral disc degeneration. World Neurosurg. 2022, 157:264-73. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.066","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2018.11.012","article-title":"Extracellular microvesicles as new industrial therapeutic frontiers","volume":"37","author":"Agrahari V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agrahari V, Agrahari V, Burnouf PA, Chew CH, Burnouf T. Extracellular microvesicles as new industrial therapeutic frontiers. Trends Biotechnol. 2019, 37:707-29. 10.1016\/j.tibtech.2018.11.012","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12404","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): from basic to advanced approaches","volume":"13","author":"Welsh JA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Welsh JA, Goberdhan DC, O'Driscoll L, et al.. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): from basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles. 2024, 13:10.1002\/jev2.12404","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.029","article-title":"Reassessment of exosome composition","volume":"177","author":"Jeppesen DK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeppesen DK, Fenix AM, Franklin JL, et al.. Reassessment of exosome composition. Cell. 2019, 177:428-45. 10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.029","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Th\u00e9ry C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Th\u00e9ry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, et al.. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles. 2018, 7:10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.32.20121","article-title":"Selective enrichment of tetraspan proteins on the internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes and on exosomes secreted by human B-lymphocytes","volume":"273","author":"Escola JM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Escola JM, Kleijmeer MJ, Stoorvogel W, Griffith JM, Yoshie O, Geuze HJ. Selective enrichment of tetraspan proteins on the internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes and on exosomes secreted by human B-lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 1998, 273:20121-7. 10.1074\/jbc.273.32.20121","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science. 2020, 367:10.1126\/science.aau6977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01735-1","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases","volume":"9","author":"Kumar MA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, et al.. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024, 9:10.1038\/s41392-024-01735-1","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2015.0278","article-title":"Spheroid mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles: two potential therapeutic strategies","volume":"25","author":"Xie L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie L, Mao M, Zhou L, Jiang B. Spheroid mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles: two potential therapeutic strategies. Stem Cells Dev. 2016, 25:203-13. 10.1089\/scd.2015.0278","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110660","article-title":"The role of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"131","author":"Wang Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Che M, Xin J, Zheng Z, Li J, Zhang S. The role of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020, 131:10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110660","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.833420","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals macrophage involved in the progression of human intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Ling Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ling Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, et al.. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals macrophage involved in the progression of human intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021, 9:10.3389\/fcell.2021.833420","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1492870","article-title":"The pathogenesis and targeted therapies of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by cartilage endplate inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Yang H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Chen X, Chen J, et al.. The pathogenesis and targeted therapies of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by cartilage endplate inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024, 12:10.3389\/fcell.2024.1492870","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040686","article-title":"Cellular senescence in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Silwal P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silwal P, Nguyen-Thai AM, Mohammad HA, Wang Y, Robbins PD, Lee JY, Vo NV. Cellular senescence in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic opportunities. Biomolecules. 2023, 13:10.3390\/biom13040686","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.11.028","article-title":"MSC exosomes mediate cartilage repair by enhancing proliferation, attenuating apoptosis and modulating immune reactivity","volume":"156","author":"Zhang S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang S, Chuah SJ, Lai RC, Hui JH, Lim SK, Toh WS. MSC exosomes mediate cartilage repair by enhancing proliferation, attenuating apoptosis and modulating immune reactivity. Biomaterials. 2018, 156:16-27. 10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.11.028","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.112109","article-title":"Exosomal miR-532 - 5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting RASSF5","volume":"393","author":"Zhu G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu G, Yang X, Peng C, Yu L, Hao Y. Exosomal miR-532 - 5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting RASSF5. Exp Cell Res. 2020, 393:10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.112109","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01560-7","article-title":"M1-derived extracellular vesicles polarize recipient macrophages into M2-like macrophages and alter skeletal muscle homeostasis\u00a0in a hyper-glucose environment","volume":"22","author":"Tacconi S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tacconi S, Vari F, Sbarigia C, et al.. M1-derived extracellular vesicles polarize recipient macrophages into M2-like macrophages and alter skeletal muscle homeostasis\u00a0in a hyper-glucose environment. Cell Commun Signal. 2024, 22:10.1186\/s12964-024-01560-7","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108962","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting NLRP3 autophagic degradation in macrophages","volume":"110","author":"Qian J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qian J, Wang X, Su G, Shu X, Huang Z, Jiang H, Zhu Q. Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting NLRP3 autophagic degradation in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022, 110:10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108962","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087664","article-title":"Human embryonic stem-cell-derived exosomes repress NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells by transmitting miR-302c","volume":"24","author":"Yu Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu Y, Li W, Xian T, Tu M, Wu H, Zhang J. Human embryonic stem-cell-derived exosomes repress NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells by transmitting miR-302c. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:10.3390\/ijms24087664","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111106","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway-mediated pyroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration via the MALAT1\/microRNA-217\/SIRT1 axis","volume":"117","author":"Tao X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tao X, Xue F, Xu J, Wang W. Platelet-rich plasma-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway-mediated pyroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration via the MALAT1\/microRNA-217\/SIRT1 axis. Cell Signal. 2024, 117:10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111106","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6670497","article-title":"Ferroportin-dependent iron homeostasis protects against oxidative stress-induced nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis and ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo","volume":"2021","author":"Lu S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu S, Song Y, Luo R, et al.. Ferroportin-dependent iron homeostasis protects against oxidative stress-induced nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis and ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021, 2021:10.1155\/2021\/6670497","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30039","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress-induced annulus fibrosus cell and nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration pathogenesis","volume":"236","author":"Yang RZ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang RZ, Xu WN, Zheng HL, Zheng XF, Li B, Jiang LS, Jiang SD. Involvement of oxidative stress-induced annulus fibrosus cell and nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol. 2021, 236:2725-39. 10.1002\/jcp.30039","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2310025","article-title":"Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells alleviate compression-induced nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"2021","author":"Hu Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu Y, Tao R, Wang L, et al.. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells alleviate compression-induced nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021, 2021:10.1155\/2021\/2310025","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100512","article-title":"Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"Dai Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai Z, Xia C, Zhao T, et al.. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction. Mater Today Bio. 2023, 18:10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100512","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202406942","article-title":"Microneedle-delivered PDA@Exo for multifaceted osteoarthritis treatment via PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway","volume":"11","author":"Li Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Z, Lu H, Fan L, et al.. Microneedle-delivered PDA@Exo for multifaceted osteoarthritis treatment via PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024, 11:10.1002\/advs.202406942","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02538-w","article-title":"Bio-nanoparticles loaded with synovial-derived exosomes ameliorate osteoarthritis progression by modifying the oxidative microenvironment","volume":"22","author":"Cao H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao H, Li W, Zhang H, et al.. Bio-nanoparticles loaded with synovial-derived exosomes ameliorate osteoarthritis progression by modifying the oxidative microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024, 22:10.1186\/s12951-024-02538-w","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2021.1949839","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration via delivering miR-141-3p-containing exosomes","volume":"20","author":"Xu J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Xie G, Yang W, Wang W, Zuo Z, Wang W. Platelet-rich plasma attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration via delivering miR-141-3p-containing exosomes. Cell Cycle. 2021, 20:1487-99. 10.1080\/15384101.2021.1949839","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.09.026","article-title":"MSC-derived exosomes protect vertebral endplate chondrocytes against apoptosis and calcification via the miR-31-5p\/ATF6 axis","volume":"22","author":"Xie L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie L, Chen Z, Liu M, et al.. MSC-derived exosomes protect vertebral endplate chondrocytes against apoptosis and calcification via the miR-31-5p\/ATF6 axis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2020, 22:601-14. 10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.09.026","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02556-8","article-title":"M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing nucleus pulposus cell senescence through LCN2\/NF-\u03baB signaling axis","volume":"22","author":"Fan C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan C, Wang W, Yu Z, et al.. M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing nucleus pulposus cell senescence through LCN2\/NF-\u03baB signaling axis. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024, 22:10.1186\/s12951-024-02556-8","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.02.006","article-title":"MSC exosomes alleviate temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by attenuating inflammation and restoring matrix homeostasis","volume":"200","author":"Zhang S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang S, Teo KY, Chuah SJ, Lai RC, Lim SK, Toh WS. MSC exosomes alleviate temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by attenuating inflammation and restoring matrix homeostasis. Biomaterials. 2019, 200:35-47. 10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.02.006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103283","article-title":"Decreased miR-214-3p activates NF-\u03baB pathway and aggravates osteoarthritis progression","volume":"65","author":"Cao Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao Y, Tang S, Nie X, et al.. Decreased miR-214-3p activates NF-\u03baB pathway and aggravates osteoarthritis progression. EBioMedicine. 2021, 65:10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103283","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02718-8","article-title":"Extracellular matrix hydrogels with fibroblast growth factor 2 containing exosomes for reconstructing skin microstructures","volume":"22","author":"Zhou Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Bu Z, Wang S, et al.. Extracellular matrix hydrogels with fibroblast growth factor 2 containing exosomes for reconstructing skin microstructures. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024, 22:10.1186\/s12951-024-02718-8","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.04.009","article-title":"Surface functionalization of exosomes for chondrocyte-targeted siRNA delivery and cartilage regeneration","volume":"369","author":"Zhang H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Yan W, Wang J, et al.. Surface functionalization of exosomes for chondrocyte-targeted siRNA delivery and cartilage regeneration. J Control Release. 2024, 369:493-505. 10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.04.009","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2023.156190","article-title":"sFlt-1-enriched exosomes induced endothelial cell dysfunction and a preeclampsia-like phenotype in mice","volume":"166","author":"Huang X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang X, Jia L, Jia Y, et al.. sFlt-1-enriched exosomes induced endothelial cell dysfunction and a preeclampsia-like phenotype in mice. Cytokine. 2023, 166:10.1016\/j.cyto.2023.156190","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj9617","article-title":"miR-204 - containing exosomes ameliorate GVHD-associated dry eye disease","volume":"8","author":"Zhou T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou T, He C, Lai P, et al.. miR-204 - containing exosomes ameliorate GVHD-associated dry eye disease. Sci Adv. 2022, 8:10.1126\/sciadv.abj9617","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020553","article-title":"The effect of super-repressor IkB-loaded exosomes (Exo-srI\u03baBs) in chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) models","volume":"15","author":"Chae JS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chae JS, Park H, Ahn SH, et al.. The effect of super-repressor IkB-loaded exosomes (Exo-srI\u03baBs) in chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) models. Pharmaceutics. 2023, 15:10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020553","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.10.018","article-title":"A multifunctional neuromodulation platform utilizing Schwann cell-derived exosomes orchestrates bone microenvironment via immunomodulation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Hao Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hao Z, Ren L, Zhang Z, et al.. A multifunctional neuromodulation platform utilizing Schwann cell-derived exosomes orchestrates bone microenvironment via immunomodulation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Bioact Mater. 2023, 23:206-22. 10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.10.018","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.07.002","article-title":"Autologous exosome facilitates load and target delivery of bioactive peptides to repair spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Ran N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ran N, Li W, Zhang R, et al.. Autologous exosome facilitates load and target delivery of bioactive peptides to repair spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater. 2023, 25:766-82. 10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.07.002","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03420-w","article-title":"Enhancing the cellular production of extracellular vesicles for developing therapeutic applications","volume":"40","author":"Erwin N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Erwin N, Serafim MF, He M. Enhancing the cellular production of extracellular vesicles for developing therapeutic applications. Pharm Res. 2023, 40:833-53. 10.1007\/s11095-022-03420-w","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01171-1","article-title":"Regulating the production and biological function of small extracellular vesicles: current strategies, applications and prospects","volume":"19","author":"Luo L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo L, Wu Z, Wang Y, Li H. Regulating the production and biological function of small extracellular vesicles: current strategies, applications and prospects. J Nanobiotechnology. 2021, 19:10.1186\/s12951-021-01171-1","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314211019015","article-title":"Emerging biogenesis technologies of extracellular vesicles for tissue regenerative therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Lee JH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee JH, Yoon JY, Lee JH, Lee HH, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Emerging biogenesis technologies of extracellular vesicles for tissue regenerative therapeutics. J Tissue Eng. 2021, 12:10.1177\/20417314211019015","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2019.100713","article-title":"Low level electricity increases the secretion of extracellular vesicles from cultured cells","volume":"21","author":"Fukuta T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fukuta T, Nishikawa A, Kogure K. Low level electricity increases the secretion of extracellular vesicles from cultured cells. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2020, 21:10.1016\/j.bbrep.2019.100713","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060875","article-title":"Electrical stimulation increases the secretion of cardioprotective extracellular vesicles from cardiac mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"12","author":"Zhang H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Shen Y, Kim IM, et al.. Electrical stimulation increases the secretion of cardioprotective extracellular vesicles from cardiac mesenchymal stem cells. Cells. 2023, 12:10.3390\/cells12060875","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0485-1","article-title":"Large-scale generation of functional mRNA-encapsulating exosomes via cellular nanoporation","volume":"4","author":"Yang Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Z, Shi J, Xie J, et al.. Large-scale generation of functional mRNA-encapsulating exosomes via cellular nanoporation. Nat Biomed Eng. 2020, 4:69-83. 10.1038\/s41551-019-0485-1","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02217-2","article-title":"Micro electrical fields induced MSC-sEVs attenuate neuronal cell apoptosis by activating autophagy via lncRNA MALAT1\/miR-22-3p\/SIRT1\/AMPK axis in spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Li K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li K, Liu Z, Wu P, et al.. Micro electrical fields induced MSC-sEVs attenuate neuronal cell apoptosis by activating autophagy via lncRNA MALAT1\/miR-22-3p\/SIRT1\/AMPK axis in spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology. 2023, 21:10.1186\/s12951-023-02217-2","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1192326","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from Talaromyces marneffei contain immunogenic compounds and modulate THP-1 macrophage responses","volume":"14","author":"Pruksaphon K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pruksaphon K, Amsri A, Thammasit P, Nosanchuk JD, Youngchim S. Extracellular vesicles derived from Talaromyces marneffei contain immunogenic compounds and modulate THP-1 macrophage responses. Front Immunol. 2023, 14:10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1192326","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00919","article-title":"A novel strategy to increase the yield of exosomes (extracellular vesicles) for an expansion of basic research","volume":"41","author":"Emam SE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emam SE, Ando H, Lila AS, et al.. A novel strategy to increase the yield of exosomes (extracellular vesicles) for an expansion of basic research. Biol Pharm Bull. 2018, 41:733-42. 10.1248\/bpb.b17-00919","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32861-w","article-title":"Liposome co-incubation with cancer cells secreted exosomes (extracellular vesicles) with different proteins expressions and different uptake pathways","volume":"8","author":"Emam SE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emam SE, Ando H, Lila AS, et al.. Liposome co-incubation with cancer cells secreted exosomes (extracellular vesicles) with different proteins expressions and different uptake pathways. Sci Rep. 2018, 8:10.1038\/s41598-018-32861-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-1563-8","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate cardiomyocyte apoptosis in hypoxic conditions through microRNA144 by targeting the PTEN\/AKT pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wen Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wen Z, Mai Z, Zhu X, Wu T, Chen Y, Geng D, Wang J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate cardiomyocyte apoptosis in hypoxic conditions through microRNA144 by targeting the PTEN\/AKT pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020, 11:10.1186\/s13287-020-1563-8","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01019-4","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles carrying let-7a-5p for alleviating inflammation in acute lung injury","volume":"31","author":"Chen SY","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen SY, Chen YL, Li PC, et al.. Engineered extracellular vesicles carrying let-7a-5p for alleviating inflammation in acute lung injury. J Biomed Sci. 2024, 31:10.1186\/s12929-024-01019-4","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121137","article-title":"M1 macrophage exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target the IL-4 receptor inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into M1-like macrophages","volume":"278","author":"Gunassekaran GR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunassekaran GR, Vadevoo SM, Baek MC, Lee B. M1 macrophage exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target the IL-4 receptor inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into M1-like macrophages. Biomaterials. 2021, 278:10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121137","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-020-00535-3","article-title":"Enhanced immunogenicity of leukemia-derived exosomes via transfection with lentiviral vectors encoding costimulatory molecules","volume":"43","author":"Hu W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu W, Huang F, Ning L, Hao J, Wan J, Hao S. Enhanced immunogenicity of leukemia-derived exosomes via transfection with lentiviral vectors encoding costimulatory molecules. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2020, 43:889-900. 10.1007\/s13402-020-00535-3","journal-title":"Cell Oncol (Dordr)"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202207826","article-title":"Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles as promising biotherapeutic tools: present and future","volume":"35","author":"Feng J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng J, Xiu Q, Huang Y, Troyer Z, Li B, Zheng L. Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles as promising biotherapeutic tools: present and future. Adv Mater. 2023, 35:10.1002\/adma.202207826","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21933","article-title":"Engineering hybrid exosomes by membrane fusion with liposomes","volume":"6","author":"Sato YT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sato YT, Umezaki K, Sawada S, et al.. Engineering hybrid exosomes by membrane fusion with liposomes. Sci Rep. 2016, 6:10.1038\/srep21933","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.05.008","article-title":"Apoptotic extracellular vesicle formation via local phosphatidylserine exposure drives efficient cell extrusion","volume":"58","author":"Kira A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kira A, Tatsutomi I, Saito K, et al.. Apoptotic extracellular vesicle formation via local phosphatidylserine exposure drives efficient cell extrusion. Dev Cell. 2023, 58:1282-98. 10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.05.008","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.11.029","article-title":"Active loading into extracellular vesicles significantly improves the cellular uptake and photodynamic effect of porphyrins","volume":"205","author":"Fuhrmann G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuhrmann G, Serio A, Mazo M, Nair R, Stevens MM. Active loading into extracellular vesicles significantly improves the cellular uptake and photodynamic effect of porphyrins. J Control Release. 2015, 205:35-44. 10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.11.029","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.01.044","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeting sonosensitizer-loaded extracellular vesicles for chemo-sonodynamic therapy","volume":"354","author":"Cao TG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao TG, Hoang Q, Hong EJ, et al.. Mitochondria-targeting sonosensitizer-loaded extracellular vesicles for chemo-sonodynamic therapy. J Control Release. 2023, 354:651-63. 10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.01.044","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae096","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound protects from inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy through inciting extracellular vesicles","volume":"120","author":"Sun P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun P, Li Y, Li Y, et al.. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound protects from inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy through inciting extracellular vesicles. Cardiovasc Res. 2024, 120:1177-90. 10.1093\/cvr\/cvae096","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.59121","article-title":"Designer exosomes for targeted and efficient ferroptosis induction in cancer via chemo-photodynamic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Du J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du J, Wan Z, Wang C, Lu F, Wei M, Wang D, Hao Q. Designer exosomes for targeted and efficient ferroptosis induction in cancer via chemo-photodynamic therapy. Theranostics. 2021, 11:8185-96. 10.7150\/thno.59121","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.07.059","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-embedded materials","volume":"361","author":"Ma Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma Y, Brocchini S, Williams GR. Extracellular vesicle-embedded materials. J Control Release. 2023, 361:280-96. 10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.07.059","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123283","article-title":"Berberine-loaded MSC-derived sEVs encapsulated in injectable GelMA hydrogel for spinal cord injury repair","volume":"643","author":"Wang H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang H, Tang Q, Lu Y, et al.. Berberine-loaded MSC-derived sEVs encapsulated in injectable GelMA hydrogel for spinal cord injury repair. Int J Pharm. 2023, 643:10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123283","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.02.012","article-title":"Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Kang Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang Y, Xu C, Meng L, Dong X, Qi M, Jiang D. Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2022, 18:26-41. 10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.02.012","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121185","article-title":"ECM stiffness-tuned exosomes drive breast cancer motility through thrombospondin-1","volume":"279","author":"Patwardhan S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patwardhan S, Mahadik P, Shetty O, Sen S. ECM stiffness-tuned exosomes drive breast cancer motility through thrombospondin-1. Biomaterials. 2021, 279:10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121185","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303650","article-title":"3D printing of microenvironment-specific bioinspired and exosome-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for efficient cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Li Q","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Q, Yu H, Zhao F, et al.. 3D printing of microenvironment-specific bioinspired and exosome-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for efficient cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023, 10:10.1002\/advs.202303650","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04514","article-title":"Engineering extracellular vesicles restore the impaired cellular uptake and attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Liao Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liao Z, Liu H, Ma L, et al.. Engineering extracellular vesicles restore the impaired cellular uptake and attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration. ACS Nano. 2021, 15:14709-24. 10.1021\/acsnano.1c04514","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01713","article-title":"A redox homeostasis modulatory hydrogel with GLRX3+ extracellular vesicles attenuates disc degeneration by suppressing nucleus pulposus cell senescence","volume":"17","author":"Liu C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu C, Fan L, Guan M, et al.. A redox homeostasis modulatory hydrogel with GLRX3+ extracellular vesicles attenuates disc degeneration by suppressing nucleus pulposus cell senescence. ACS Nano. 2023, 17:13441-60. 10.1021\/acsnano.3c01713","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI165140","article-title":"Disassembly of the TRIM56-ATR complex promotes cytoDNA\/cGAS\/STING axis-dependent intervertebral disc inflammatory degeneration","volume":"134","author":"Zhang W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang W, Li G, Zhou X, et al.. Disassembly of the TRIM56-ATR complex promotes cytoDNA\/cGAS\/STING axis-dependent intervertebral disc inflammatory degeneration. J Clin Invest. 2024, 134:10.1172\/JCI165140","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02561-x","article-title":"Effective delivery of miR-150-5p with nucleus pulposus cell-specific nanoparticles attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Jiang H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang H, Qin H, Yang Q, et al.. Effective delivery of miR-150-5p with nucleus pulposus cell-specific nanoparticles attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024, 22:10.1186\/s12951-024-02561-x","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.709204","article-title":"Technological advances of 3D scaffold-based stem cell\/exosome therapy in tissues and organs","volume":"9","author":"Gu C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gu C, Feng J, Waqas A, et al.. Technological advances of 3D scaffold-based stem cell\/exosome therapy in tissues and organs. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021, 9:10.3389\/fcell.2021.709204","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.12.007","article-title":"Injectable cartilage matrix hydrogel loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells engineered to release exosomes for non-invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Luo L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo L, Gong J, Wang Z, et al.. Injectable cartilage matrix hydrogel loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells engineered to release exosomes for non-invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioact Mater. 2022, 15:29-43. 10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.12.007","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202206888","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-conjugated functional matrix hydrogels prevent senescence by exosomal miR-3594-5p-targeted HIPK2\/p53 pathway for disc regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Peng Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng Y, Chen X, Liu S, et al.. Extracellular vesicle-conjugated functional matrix hydrogels prevent senescence by exosomal miR-3594-5p-targeted HIPK2\/p53 pathway for disc regeneration. Small. 2023, 19:10.1002\/smll.202206888","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202200895","article-title":"Multifunctional nanofibrous scaffolds with angle-ply microstructure and co-delivery capacity promote partial repair and total replacement of intervertebral disc","volume":"11","author":"Han F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han F, Yu Q, Chu G, et al.. Multifunctional nanofibrous scaffolds with angle-ply microstructure and co-delivery capacity promote partial repair and total replacement of intervertebral disc. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022, 11:10.1002\/adhm.202200895","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50045-1","article-title":"Self-powered triboelectric-responsive microneedles with controllable release of optogenetically engineered extracellular vesicles for intervertebral disc degeneration repair","volume":"15","author":"Zhang W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang W, Qin X, Li G, et al.. Self-powered triboelectric-responsive microneedles with controllable release of optogenetically engineered extracellular vesicles for intervertebral disc degeneration repair. Nat Commun. 2024, 15:10.1038\/s41467-024-50045-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.03.006","article-title":"Thread-structural microneedles loaded with engineered exosomes for annulus fibrosus repair by regulating mitophagy recovery and extracellular matrix homeostasis","volume":"37","author":"Hu S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu S, Zhu M, Xing H, et al.. Thread-structural microneedles loaded with engineered exosomes for annulus fibrosus repair by regulating mitophagy recovery and extracellular matrix homeostasis. Bioact Mater. 2024, 37:1-13. 10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.03.006","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100596","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as an emerging treatment option for intervertebral disc degeneration: therapeutic potential, translational pathways, and regulatory considerations","volume":"11","author":"DiStefano TJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"DiStefano TJ, Vaso K, Danias G, Chionuma HN, Weiser JR, Iatridis JC. Extracellular vesicles as an emerging treatment option for intervertebral disc degeneration: therapeutic potential, translational pathways, and regulatory considerations. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022, 11:10.1002\/adhm.202100596","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00989-w","article-title":"Intradermally delivered mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles for collagen-replacement therapy","volume":"7","author":"You Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"You Y, Tian Y, Yang Z, et al.. Intradermally delivered mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles for collagen-replacement therapy. Nat Biomed Eng. 2023, 7:887-900. 10.1038\/s41551-022-00989-w","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.01.021","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: the next generation in gene therapy delivery","volume":"31","author":"Cecchin R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cecchin R, Troyer Z, Witwer K, Morris KV. Extracellular vesicles: the next generation in gene therapy delivery. Mol Ther. 2023, 31:1225-30. 10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.01.021","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2024.2309935","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in cancer: challenges and opportunities for clinical laboratories","volume":"61","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez \u00c1","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez \u00c1, L\u00f3pez-Borrego S, Sand\u00faa A, Vales-Gomez M, Alegre E. Extracellular vesicles in cancer: challenges and opportunities for clinical laboratories. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2024, 61:435-57. 10.1080\/10408363.2024.2309935","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102088","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy and promise of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related disorders","volume":"92","author":"Rather HA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rather HA, Almousa S, Craft S, Deep G. Therapeutic efficacy and promise of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related disorders. Ageing Res Rev. 2023, 92:10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102088","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-062215-010822","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas9 structures and mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"Jiang F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang F, Doudna JA. CRISPR-Cas9 structures and mechanisms. Annu Rev Biophys. 2017, 46:505-29. 10.1146\/annurev-biophys-062215-010822","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biophys"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab858","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of engineered Cas9 variants for target specificity enhancement by single-molecule reaction pathway analysis","volume":"49","author":"Bak SY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bak SY, Jung Y, Park J, Sung K, Jang HK, Bae S, Kim SK. Quantitative assessment of engineered Cas9 variants for target specificity enhancement by single-molecule reaction pathway analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021, 49:11312-22. 10.1093\/nar\/gkab858","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100522","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Ju Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ju Y, Hu Y, Yang P, Xie X, Fang B. Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration. Mater Today Bio. 2023, 18:10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100522","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201105","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes encapsulated oral microcapsules for acute colitis treatment","volume":"11","author":"Gan J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gan J, Sun L, Chen G, Ma W, Zhao Y, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes encapsulated oral microcapsules for acute colitis treatment. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022, 11:10.1002\/adhm.202201105","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0392-8","article-title":"Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response","volume":"560","author":"Chen G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, et al.. Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response. Nature. 2018, 560:382-6. 10.1038\/s41586-018-0392-8","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401460","article-title":"Enhanced tissue regeneration through immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles encapsulated in diversified silk-based injectable hydrogels","volume":"13","author":"Sun L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun L, Xiao M, Chen L, et al.. Enhanced tissue regeneration through immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles encapsulated in diversified silk-based injectable hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024, 13:10.1002\/adhm.202401460","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28878","article-title":"StimFit - a data-driven algorithm for automated deep brain stimulation programming","volume":"37","author":"Roediger J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roediger J, Dembek TA, Wenzel G, Butenko K, K\u00fchn AA, Horn A. StimFit - a data-driven algorithm for automated deep brain stimulation programming. Mov Disord. 2022, 37:574-84. 10.1002\/mds.28878","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/429964-engineered-extracellular-vesicles-for-intervertebral-disc-regeneration-mechanisms-strategies-and-translational-potential","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T06:23:40Z","timestamp":1763447020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/429964-engineered-extracellular-vesicles-for-intervertebral-disc-regeneration-mechanisms-strategies-and-translational-potential"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":86,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.97119","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}}}