{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:18:30Z","timestamp":1793726310979,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.97636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:05:33Z","timestamp":1763985933000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metabolomic Biomarkers in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mustafeez","family":"Ur Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadia","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaheer Ud Din","family":"Babar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahbaz","family":"Tashfeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013","article-title":"Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology","volume":"118","author":"Savarese G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GM, Coats AJ. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovasc Res. 2022, 118:3272-87. 10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2023.05","article-title":"Global public health burden of heart failure: an updated review","volume":"9","author":"Shahim B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shahim B, Kapelios CJ, Savarese G, Lund LH. Global public health burden of heart failure: an updated review. Card Fail Rev. 2023, 9:e11. 10.15420\/cfr.2023.05","journal-title":"Card Fail Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320257","article-title":"Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: heterogeneous syndrome, diverse preclinical models","volume":"130","author":"Roh J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roh J, Hill JA, Singh A, Valero-Mu\u00f1oz M, Sam F. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: heterogeneous syndrome, diverse preclinical models. Circ Res. 2022, 130:1906-25. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320257","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12020194","article-title":"The potential of metabolomics in biomedical applications","volume":"12","author":"Gonzalez-Covarrubias V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Covarrubias V, Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez E, Del Bosque-Plata L. The potential of metabolomics in biomedical applications. Metabolites. 2022, 12:194. 10.3390\/metabo12020194","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11030184","article-title":"Approaches to integrating metabolomics and multi-omics data: a primer","volume":"11","author":"Jendoubi T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jendoubi T. Approaches to integrating metabolomics and multi-omics data: a primer. Metabolites. 2021, 11:184. 10.3390\/metabo11030184","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.07.021","article-title":"Mitochondrial cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, multi-omics exploration and therapeutic strategies","author":"Zhang Z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhao X, Zhang X, et al.. Mitochondrial cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, multi-omics exploration and therapeutic strategies. J Adv Res. 2025, 10.1016\/j.jare.2025.07.021","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121972","article-title":"Duality of branched-chain amino acids in chronic cardiovascular disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters","volume":"16","author":"Tanase DM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, et al.. Duality of branched-chain amino acids in chronic cardiovascular disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients. 2024, 16:1972. 10.3390\/nu16121972","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2024.04.008","article-title":"Towards metabolomic-based precision approaches for classifying and treating\u00a0heart\u00a0failure","volume":"9","author":"Hahn VS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hahn VS, Selvaraj S, Sharma K, Shah SH. Towards metabolomic-based precision approaches for classifying and treating\u00a0heart\u00a0failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2024, 9:1144-58. 10.1016\/j.jacbts.2024.04.008","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839919893361","article-title":"A review of the PubMed PICO tool: using evidence-based practice in health education","volume":"21","author":"Brown D","year":"20219","unstructured":"Brown D. A review of the PubMed PICO tool: using evidence-based practice in health education. Health Promot Pract. 20219, 21:496-8. 10.1177\/1524839919893361","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:l4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, et al.. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016, 355:i4919. 10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12973-0","article-title":"Plasma metabolites associated with functional and clinical outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with and without type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Lerman JB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lerman JB, Giamberardino SN, Hernandez AF, Felker GM, Shah SH, McGarrah RW. Plasma metabolites associated with functional and clinical outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with and without type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2022, 12:9183. 10.1038\/s41598-022-12973-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85527-5","article-title":"Bacterial metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide and butyrate as surrogates of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with a recent decompensated heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Mollar A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mollar A, Marrachelli VG, N\u00fa\u00f1ez E, et al.. Bacterial metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide and butyrate as surrogates of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with a recent decompensated heart failure. Sci Rep. 2021, 11:6110. 10.1038\/s41598-021-85527-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1076","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics identifies phenylalanine as a novel predictor of incident heart failure hospitalisation: results from PROSPER and FINRISK 1997","volume":"20","author":"Delles C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Delles C, Rankin NJ, Boachie C, et al.. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics identifies phenylalanine as a novel predictor of incident heart failure hospitalisation: results from PROSPER and FINRISK 1997. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018, 20:663-73. 10.1002\/ejhf.1076","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.02.018","article-title":"Targeted metabolomic profiling of dapagliflozin in heart\u00a0failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PRESERVED-HF trial","volume":"12","author":"Selvaraj S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Selvaraj S, Patel S, Sauer AJ, et al.. Targeted metabolomic profiling of dapagliflozin in heart\u00a0failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PRESERVED-HF trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2024, 12:999-1011. 10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.02.018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9100335","article-title":"New biomarkers and their potential role in heart failure treatment optimisation-an African perspective","volume":"9","author":"Badianyama M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badianyama M, Mpanya D, Adamu U, Sigauke F, Nel S, Tsabedze N. New biomarkers and their potential role in heart failure treatment optimisation-an African perspective. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022, 9:335. 10.3390\/jcdd9100335","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00837-6","article-title":"NT-proBNP as a predictor of death and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Malachias MV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malachias MV, Wijkman MO, Bertoluci MC. NT-proBNP as a predictor of death and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2022, 14:64. 10.1186\/s13098-022-00837-6","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14205","article-title":"Heart failure and trimethylamine N-oxide: time to transform a 'gut feeling' in a fact?","volume":"10","author":"Crisci G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crisci G, Israr MZ, Cittadini A, Bossone E, Suzuki T, Salzano A. Heart failure and trimethylamine N-oxide: time to transform a 'gut feeling' in a fact?. ESC Heart Fail. 2023, 10:1-7. 10.1002\/ehf2.14205","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2022.11.1.1","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and ketone metabolism in heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Saucedo-Orozco H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saucedo-Orozco H, Voorrips SN, Yurista SR, de Boer RA, Westenbrink BD. SGLT2 inhibitors and ketone metabolism in heart failure. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2022, 11:1-19. 10.12997\/jla.2022.11.1.1","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.003190","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling identifies novel circulating biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction differentially elevated in heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: evidence for shared metabolic impairments in clinical heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Hunter WG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hunter WG, Kelly JP, McGarrah RW 3rd, et al.. Metabolomic profiling identifies novel circulating biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction differentially elevated in heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: evidence for shared metabolic impairments in clinical heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016, 5:10.1161\/JAHA.115.003190","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2025.102183","article-title":"Exploration of serum biomarkers in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fractions through analysis of heterogeneity","volume":"43","author":"Jin Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin Q, Wang Z, Lin W, Zhang C, Wang X. Exploration of serum biomarkers in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fractions through analysis of heterogeneity. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2025, 43:102183. 10.1016\/j.bbrep.2025.102183","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15285","article-title":"Plasma metabolomics identifies signatures that distinguish heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"12","author":"Naeem F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naeem F, Leone TC, Petucci C, et al.. Plasma metabolomics identifies signatures that distinguish heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail. 2025, 12:2803-13. 10.1002\/ehf2.15285","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1572948","article-title":"The gut-heart axis: unveiling the roles of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"12","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu H, Jin M, Feng G, Wang S. The gut-heart axis: unveiling the roles of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025, 12:1572948. 10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1572948","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10575-w","article-title":"Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals novel insights on the inflammation and immune response in HFpEF","volume":"25","author":"Abudurexiti M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abudurexiti M, Abuduhalike R, Naman T, Wupuer N, Duan D, Keranmu M, Mahemuti A. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals novel insights on the inflammation and immune response in HFpEF. BMC Genomics. 2024, 25:676. 10.1186\/s12864-024-10575-w","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/429444-metabolomic-biomarkers-in-heart-failure-a-systematic-review-of-diagnostic-and-prognostic-significance","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:05:33Z","timestamp":1763985933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/429444-metabolomic-biomarkers-in-heart-failure-a-systematic-review-of-diagnostic-and-prognostic-significance"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.97636","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]}}}