{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:18:23Z","timestamp":1791119903118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.97933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T14:28:01Z","timestamp":1764253681000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: A Systematic Review of Antibody-Specific Mechanisms and Treatment Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Vaezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1515161","article-title":"Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"374","author":"Mammen AL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mammen AL. Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. N Engl J Med. 2016, 374:664-9. 10.1056\/NEJMra1515161","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.cn-000916","article-title":"Myopericarditis in a case of anti-signal recognition particle (anti-SRP) antibody-positive myopathy [Japanese]","volume":"56","author":"Tanaka M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Gamou N, Shizukawa H, Tsuda E, Shimohama S. Myopericarditis in a case of anti-signal recognition particle (anti-SRP) antibody-positive myopathy [Japanese]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2016, 56:862-5. 10.5692\/clinicalneurol.cn-000916","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.0374","article-title":"Clinical and radiological features of Korean patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy","volume":"19","author":"Oh EK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oh EK, Lee SA, Lee HJ, et al.. Clinical and radiological features of Korean patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy. J Clin Neurol. 2023, 19:460-8. 10.3988\/jcn.2022.0374","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004923","article-title":"Necrosis in anti-SRP(+) and anti-HMGCR(+)myopathies: Role of autoantibodies and complement","volume":"90","author":"Allenbach Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Preusse C, et al.. Necrosis in anti-SRP(+) and anti-HMGCR(+)myopathies: Role of autoantibodies and complement. Neurology. 2018, 90:e507-17. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004923","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23854","article-title":"Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy and anti-HMGCR autoantibodies","volume":"48","author":"Mohassel P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mohassel P, Mammen AL. Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy and anti-HMGCR autoantibodies. Muscle Nerve. 2013, 48:477-83. 10.1002\/mus.23854","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103468","article-title":"Anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: Addressing the remaining issues","volume":"22","author":"Khoo T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khoo T, Chinoy H. Anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: Addressing the remaining issues. Autoimmun Rev. 2023, 22:103468. 10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103468","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1019972","article-title":"Anti-SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A critical review of current concepts","volume":"13","author":"Ma X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma X, Bu BT. Anti-SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A critical review of current concepts. Front Immunol. 2022, 13:1019972. 10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1019972","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.07.023","article-title":"Anti-HMGCR antibodies as a biomarker for immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies: A history of statins and experience from a large international multi-center study","volume":"15","author":"Musset L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Musset L, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, et al.. Anti-HMGCR antibodies as a biomarker for immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies: A history of statins and experience from a large international multi-center study. Autoimmun Rev. 2016, 15:983-93. 10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.07.023","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050461","article-title":"Plasma exchange in anti-signal recognition particle myopathy: A systematic review and combined analysis of patient individual data","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez P, Escribano-Iglesias M, Crisolino-Pozas \u00c1P, Cubino-Boveda N, L\u00f3pez-Parra M, Marcos M, Chamorro AJ. Plasma exchange in anti-signal recognition particle myopathy: A systematic review and combined analysis of patient individual data. J Pers Med. 2024, 14:461. 10.3390\/jpm14050461","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-221557","article-title":"A child with refractory and relapsing anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase myopathy: Case-based review","volume":"10","author":"Sener S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sener S, Batu ED, Sari S, et al.. A child with refractory and relapsing anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase myopathy: Case-based review. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2023, 10:279-91. 10.3233\/JND-221557","journal-title":"J Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00992","article-title":"Dermatomyositis and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies: A window on autoimmunity and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Aussy A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aussy A, Boyer O, Cordel N. Dermatomyositis and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies: A window on autoimmunity and cancer. Front Immunol. 2017, 8:992. 10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00992","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010022","article-title":"Statin-related myotoxicity: A comprehensive review of pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenomic and muscle components","volume":"9","author":"Turner RM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turner RM, Pirmohamed M. Statin-related myotoxicity: A comprehensive review of pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenomic and muscle components. J Clin Med. 2019, 9:22. 10.3390\/jcm9010022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70175","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran in patients with neuromuscular disorders and statin intolerance","volume":"32","author":"Theodorou A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Theodorou A, Papagiannopoulou G, Akrivaki A, et al.. Safety and effectiveness of PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran in patients with neuromuscular disorders and statin intolerance. Eur J Neurol. 2025, 32:e70175. 10.1111\/ene.70175","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.10.004","article-title":"Autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Clinical associations and laboratory evaluation by mono- and multispecific immunoassays","volume":"18","author":"Damoiseaux J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damoiseaux J, Vulsteke JB, Tseng CW, et al.. Autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Clinical associations and laboratory evaluation by mono- and multispecific immunoassays. Autoimmun Rev. 2019, 18:293-305. 10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.10.004","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1123380","article-title":"Pediatric immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"14","author":"Wang CH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang CH, Liang WC. Pediatric immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Front Neurol. 2023, 14:1123380. 10.3389\/fneur.2023.1123380","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.09.008","article-title":"Myositis-specific autoantibodies, a cornerstone in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"18","author":"Anquetil C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anquetil C, Boyer O, Wesner N, Benveniste O, Allenbach Y. Myositis-specific autoantibodies, a cornerstone in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Autoimmun Rev. 2019, 18:223-30. 10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.09.008","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286421998918","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A review of case reports and case series","volume":"14","author":"Xiong A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong A, Yang G, Song Z, et al.. Rituximab in the treatment of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A review of case reports and case series. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2021, 14:1756286421998918. 10.1177\/1756286421998918","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1094611","article-title":"Characteristics of cardiac involvement in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"14","author":"Liu M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu M, Lin Y, Qiao L, Chen J, Shi Q. Characteristics of cardiac involvement in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Front Immunol. 2023, 14:1094611. 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1094611","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1051609","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab treatment in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhen C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhen C, Hou Y, Zhao B, Ma X, Dai T, Yan C. Efficacy and safety of rituximab treatment in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol. 2022, 13:1051609. 10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1051609","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00515-9","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: Clinical features and pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Allenbach Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, Stenzel W, Boyer O. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: Clinical features and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020, 16:689-701. 10.1038\/s41584-020-00515-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40674-023-00201-3","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment in IMNM","volume":"9","author":"Dallevet CA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dallevet CA, Benveniste O, Allenbach Y. Pathogenesis and treatment in IMNM. Curr Treat Options in Rheum. 2023, 9:32-46. 10.1007\/s40674-023-00201-3","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options in Rheum"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211468","article-title":"2017 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups","volume":"76","author":"Lundberg IE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lundberg IE, Tj\u00e4rnlund A, Bottai M, et al.. 2017 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017, 76:1955-64. 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211468","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2025.105363","article-title":"Emerging atypical clinicopathological manifestations of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM)","volume":"50","author":"Skolka MP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Skolka MP, Pinal-Fernandez I, Mammen AL, Liewluck T. Emerging atypical clinicopathological manifestations of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Neuromuscul Disord. 2025, 50:105363. 10.1016\/j.nmd.2025.105363","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12819","article-title":"Myositis-specific\/associated autoantibodies as diagnostic keys and disease drivers","volume":"16","author":"Yamashita S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yamashita S. Myositis-specific\/associated autoantibodies as diagnostic keys and disease drivers. Clin Exp Neuroimmunol. 2025, 16:44-54. 10.1111\/cen3.12819","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313166","article-title":"Clinical features and prognosis in anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR necrotising myopathy","volume":"87","author":"Watanabe Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Uruha A, Suzuki S, et al.. Clinical features and prognosis in anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR necrotising myopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016, 87:1038-44. 10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313166","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30156","article-title":"Autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"63","author":"Mammen AL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mammen AL, Chung T, Christopher-Stine L, Rosen P, Rosen A, Doering KR, Casciola-Rosen LA. Autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2011, 63:713-21. 10.1002\/art.30156","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.09.016\u00a0","article-title":"Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies Working Group. 224th ENMC International Workshop: Clinico-sero-pathological classification of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies Zandvoort","author":"Allenbach Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allenbach Y, Mammen AL, Benveniste O, et al.. Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies Working Group. 224th ENMC International Workshop: Clinico-sero-pathological classification of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies Zandvoort. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018, 10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.09.016\u00a0","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-170282","article-title":"Anti-HMGCR myopathy","volume":"5","author":"Mohassel P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohassel P, Mammen AL. Anti-HMGCR myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2018, 5:11-20. 10.3233\/JND-170282","journal-title":"J Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1301109","article-title":"Anti-SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy responsive to ofatumumab: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Chen S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen S, Yang J, He D, et al.. Anti-SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy responsive to ofatumumab: A case report. Front Immunol. 2023, 14:1301109. 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1301109","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12451","article-title":"Myositis-specific autoantibodies: An important tool to support diagnosis of myositis","volume":"280","author":"Betteridge Z","year":"2016","unstructured":"Betteridge Z, McHugh N. Myositis-specific autoantibodies: An important tool to support diagnosis of myositis. J Intern Med. 2016, 280:8-23. 10.1111\/joim.12451","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.07.011","article-title":"Detection of autoantibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase by ELISA in a reference laboratory setting","volume":"472","author":"Jaskowski TD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaskowski TD, La'ulu SL, Mahler M, Tebo AE. Detection of autoantibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase by ELISA in a reference laboratory setting. Clin Chim Acta. 2017, 472:30-4. 10.1016\/j.cca.2017.07.011","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02669-8","article-title":"Complement and MHC patterns can provide the diagnostic framework for inflammatory neuromuscular diseases","volume":"147","author":"Nelke C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nelke C, Schmid S, Kleefeld F, et al.. Complement and MHC patterns can provide the diagnostic framework for inflammatory neuromuscular diseases. Acta Neuropathol. 2024, 147:15. 10.1007\/s00401-023-02669-8","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11447-7","article-title":"Muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy\u00a0(IMNM): implications for clinical management and treatment strategies","volume":"270","author":"Fionda L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fionda L, Lauletta A, Leonardi L, et al.. Muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy\u00a0(IMNM): implications for clinical management and treatment strategies. J Neurol. 2023, 270:960-74. 10.1007\/s00415-022-11447-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2022.2054803","article-title":"Complement in autoimmune inflammatory myopathies, the role of myositis-associated antibodies, COVID-19 associations, and muscle amyloid deposits","volume":"18","author":"Dalakas MC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dalakas MC. Complement in autoimmune inflammatory myopathies, the role of myositis-associated antibodies, COVID-19 associations, and muscle amyloid deposits. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2022, 18:413-23. 10.1080\/1744666X.2022.2054803","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-230168","article-title":"Contribution of complement, microangiopathy and inflammation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"11","author":"Honda M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Honda M, Shimizu F, Sato R, Nakamori M. Contribution of complement, microangiopathy and inflammation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2024, 11:5-16. 10.3233\/JND-230168","journal-title":"J Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073302","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Recent evidence linking pathogenesis and clinical features","volume":"26","author":"Martins EF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martins EF, Cappello CH, Shinjo SK, Appenzeller S, de Souza JM. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Recent evidence linking pathogenesis and clinical features. Int J Mol Sci. 2025, 26:3302. 10.3390\/ijms26073302","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1560483","article-title":"Efgartigimod combined with steroids as a fast-acting therapy for anti-SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"16","author":"Peng Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng Q, Yao X, Chen S, Li X, Lin F, Zou Z. Efgartigimod combined with steroids as a fast-acting therapy for anti-SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Front Neurol. 2025, 16:1560483. 10.3389\/fneur.2025.1560483","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1054876","article-title":"Anti-signal recognition particle antibody in patients without inflammatory myopathy: A survey of 6180 patients with connective tissue diseases","volume":"45","author":"Hanaoka H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanaoka H, Kaneko Y, Suzuki S, Takada T, Hirakata M, Takeuchi T, Kuwana M. Anti-signal recognition particle antibody in patients without inflammatory myopathy: A survey of 6180 patients with connective tissue diseases. Scand J Rheumatol. 2016, 45:36-40. 10.3109\/03009742.2015.1054876","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.41.6.936","article-title":"Necrotizing myopathy with pipestem capillaries, microvascular deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), and minimal cellular infiltration","volume":"41","author":"Emslie-Smith AM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Emslie-Smith AM, Engel AG. Necrotizing myopathy with pipestem capillaries, microvascular deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), and minimal cellular infiltration. Neurology. 1991, 41:936-9. 10.1212\/wnl.41.6.936","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34673","article-title":"Antibody levels correlate with creatine kinase levels and strength in anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"64","author":"Werner JL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Werner JL, Christopher-Stine L, Ghazarian SR, et al.. Antibody levels correlate with creatine kinase levels and strength in anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2012, 64:4087-93. 10.1002\/art.34673","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27572","article-title":"A novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"62","author":"Christopher-Stine L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christopher-Stine L, Casciola-Rosen LA, Hong G, Chung T, Corse AM, Mammen AL. A novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2010, 62:2757-66. 10.1002\/art.27572","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141616","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antibodies in Chinese patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"10","author":"Ge Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ge Y, Lu X, Peng Q, Shu X, Wang G. Clinical characteristics of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antibodies in Chinese patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0141616. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0141616","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000124","article-title":"Myopathy with anti-HMGCR antibodies: Perimysium and myofiber pathology","volume":"2","author":"Alshehri A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alshehri A, Choksi R, Bucelli R, Pestronk A. Myopathy with anti-HMGCR antibodies: Perimysium and myofiber pathology. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015, 2:e124. 10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000124","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.05.003","article-title":"Integrated diagnosis project for inflammatory myopathies: An association between autoantibodies and muscle pathology","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Uruha A, Suzuki N, Nishino I. Integrated diagnosis project for inflammatory myopathies: An association between autoantibodies and muscle pathology. Autoimmun Rev. 2017, 16:693-700. 10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.05.003","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103435","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A large-scale longitudinal cohort study","volume":"154","author":"Chen Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhu L, Zong C, et al.. Long-term outcomes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A large-scale longitudinal cohort study. J Autoimmun. 2025, 154:103435. 10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103435","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.60477","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle antibody complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A report of two cases","volume":"16","author":"Fang DW","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang DW, Chen YM. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle antibody complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A report of two cases. Cureus. 2024, 16:e60477. 10.7759\/cureus.60477","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae125","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging patterns revealing muscle pathology and clinical features in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"63","author":"Shimoyama T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shimoyama T, Yoshida K, Muro Y, et al.. Magnetic resonance imaging patterns revealing muscle pathology and clinical features in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024, 63:2684-93. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae125","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-3065-0","article-title":"The efficacy of tacrolimus in patients with refractory dermatomyositis\/polymyositis: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Ge Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ge Y, Zhou H, Shi J, Ye B, Peng Q, Lu X, Wang G. The efficacy of tacrolimus in patients with refractory dermatomyositis\/polymyositis: A systematic review. Clin Rheumatol. 2015, 34:2097-103. 10.1007\/s10067-015-3065-0","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186610","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and management of statin-associated anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"14","author":"Yoon J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yoon J, Kim SW, Kim SH, et al.. Clinical characteristics and management of statin-associated anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:6610. 10.3390\/jcm14186610","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000547","article-title":"Peculiar clinicopathological features of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies","volume":"30","author":"Allenbach Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allenbach Y, Benveniste O. Peculiar clinicopathological features of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018, 30:655-63. 10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000547","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1207","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment outcomes of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy","volume":"72","author":"Kassardjian CD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kassardjian CD, Lennon VA, Alfugham NB, Mahler M, Milone M. Clinical features and treatment outcomes of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. JAMA Neurol. 2015, 72:996-1003. 10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1207","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0732-6","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"20","author":"Pinal-Fernandez I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Mammen AL. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018, 20:21. 10.1007\/s11926-018-0732-6","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23182","article-title":"Thigh muscle specific-strength and the risk of incident knee osteoarthritis: The influence of sex and greater body mass index","volume":"69","author":"Culvenor AG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Culvenor AG, Felson DT, Niu J, Wirth W, Sattler M, Dannhauer T, Eckstein F. Thigh muscle specific-strength and the risk of incident knee osteoarthritis: The influence of sex and greater body mass index. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017, 69:1266-70. 10.1002\/acr.23182","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000399","article-title":"Statin-associated immune-mediated myopathy: Biology and clinical implications","volume":"28","author":"Christopher-Stine L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Christopher-Stine L, Basharat P. Statin-associated immune-mediated myopathy: Biology and clinical implications. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2017, 28:186-92. 10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000399","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0946","article-title":"Identifying acute porphyria in patients with acute polyneuropathy or encephalopathy","volume":"4","author":"Elder GH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elder GH, Sandberg S. Identifying acute porphyria in patients with acute polyneuropathy or encephalopathy. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2008, 4:648-9. 10.1038\/ncpneuro0946","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa171","article-title":"Epilepsy subtype-specific copy number burden observed in a genome-wide study of 17\u2009458 subjects","volume":"143","author":"Niestroj LM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niestroj LM, Perez-Palma E, Howrigan DP, et al.. Epilepsy subtype-specific copy number burden observed in a genome-wide study of 17\u2009458 subjects. Brain. 2020, 143:2106-18. 10.1093\/brain\/awaa171","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1506163","article-title":"Intravenous immune globulin for statin-triggered autoimmune myopathy","volume":"373","author":"Mammen AL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mammen AL, Tiniakou E. Intravenous immune globulin for statin-triggered autoimmune myopathy. N Engl J Med. 2015, 373:1680-2. 10.1056\/NEJMc1506163","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf238","article-title":"The incidence of anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: An Australian and UK retrospective multi-site cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Khoo T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khoo T, Tan E, Limaye V, et al.. The incidence of anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: An Australian and UK retrospective multi-site cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025, 64:4995-5003. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf238","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07240-8","article-title":"Clinicopathological and imaging differences between pediatric and adult patients with anti-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase necrotizing myopathy","volume":"44","author":"Yang M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, et al.. Clinicopathological and imaging differences between pediatric and adult patients with anti-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase necrotizing myopathy. Clin Rheumatol. 2025, 44:43-52. 10.1007\/s10067-024-07240-8","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.002","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: A critical review of current concepts","volume":"49","author":"Day JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Day JA, Limaye V. Immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: A critical review of current concepts. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019, 49:420-9. 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.002","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.0303-17","article-title":"Development of necrotizing myopathy following interstitial lung disease with anti-signal recognition particle antibody","volume":"57","author":"Kusumoto T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kusumoto T, Okamori S, Masuzawa K, et al.. Development of necrotizing myopathy following interstitial lung disease with anti-signal recognition particle antibody. Intern Med. 2018, 57:2045-9. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.0303-17","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000376","article-title":"Advances in serological diagnostics of inflammatory myopathies","volume":"29","author":"Benveniste O","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benveniste O, Stenzel W, Allenbach Y. Advances in serological diagnostics of inflammatory myopathies. Curr Opin Neurol. 2016, 29:662-73. 10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000376","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2024.02.004","article-title":"Scale manifestations of articular chondrocalcinosis (CCA): About 11 cases [French]","author":"Dades R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dades R, Kabil A, Yazidi M, et al.. Scale manifestations of articular chondrocalcinosis (CCA): About 11 cases [French]. Rev Neurol (Paris. 2024, s3-s4. 10.1016\/j.neurol.2024.02.004","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40674-025-00237-7","article-title":"The impact of autoantibody profiles on treatment response in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"11","author":"Troncoso JA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Troncoso JA, Milisenda JC, Molina SC, Pinal-Fern\u00e1ndez I, Casal-Dom\u00ednguez M, Selva-O\u2019Callaghan A. The impact of autoantibody profiles on treatment response in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Curr Treat Options in Rheum. 2025, 11:10.1007\/s40674-025-00237-7","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options in Rheum"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac014","article-title":"Outcome predictors of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy-a retrospective, multicentre study","volume":"61","author":"Wang JX","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang JX, Wilkinson M, Oldmeadow C, Limaye V, Major G. Outcome predictors of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy-a retrospective, multicentre study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022, 61:3824-9. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2025.09.004","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: An emerging disorder","volume":"40","author":"Portela-S\u00e1nchez S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Portela-S\u00e1nchez S, Catalina I, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz S, et al.. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: An emerging disorder. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2025, 40:729-38. 10.1016\/j.nrleng.2025.09.004","journal-title":"Neurologia (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60111756","article-title":"Anti-SRP antibodies and myocarditis in systemic sclerosis overlap syndrome with immune-mediated necrotizing myositis (IMNM)","volume":"60","author":"Alexandru C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alexandru C, Donisa A, Bobirca F, et al.. Anti-SRP antibodies and myocarditis in systemic sclerosis overlap syndrome with immune-mediated necrotizing myositis (IMNM). Medicina (Kaunas). 2024, 60:1756. 10.3390\/medicina60111756","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.866701","article-title":"Screening for anti-HMGCR antibodies in a large single myositis center reveals infrequent exposure to statins and diversiform presentation of the disease","volume":"13","author":"Szczesny P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szczesny P, Barsotti S, Nennesmo I, Danielsson O, Dastmalchi M. Screening for anti-HMGCR antibodies in a large single myositis center reveals infrequent exposure to statins and diversiform presentation of the disease. Front Immunol. 2022, 13:866701. 10.3389\/fimmu.2022.866701","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000096","article-title":"Clinical course and treatment of anti-HMGCR antibody-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy","volume":"2","author":"Ramanathan S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramanathan S, Langguth D, Hardy TA, et al.. Clinical course and treatment of anti-HMGCR antibody-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015, 2:e96. 10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000096","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antib13010012","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (Imnm): A story of antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Julien S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Julien S, Challier I, Malleter M, Jouen F, Drouot L, Boyer O. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (Imnm): A story of antibodies. Antibodies (Basel). 2024, 13:12. 10.3390\/antib13010012","journal-title":"Antibodies (Basel)"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/cont.0000000000001617","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"31","author":"Salajegheh MK","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salajegheh MK, Amato AA. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2025, 31:1385-408. 10.1212\/cont.0000000000001617","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-015-8774-6","article-title":"Heterogeneous clinical spectrum of anti-SRP myositis and importance of the methods of detection of anti-SRP autoantibodies: A multicentric study","volume":"64","author":"Picard C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Picard C, Vincent T, Lega JC, et al.. Heterogeneous clinical spectrum of anti-SRP myositis and importance of the methods of detection of anti-SRP autoantibodies: A multicentric study. Immunol Res. 2016, 64:677-86. 10.1007\/s12026-015-8774-6","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28114","article-title":"Management of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"70","author":"Suh J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suh J, Amato AA. Management of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Muscle Nerve. 2024, 70:166-72. 10.1002\/mus.28114","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew470","article-title":"More severe disease and slower recovery in younger patients with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"56","author":"Tiniakou E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tiniakou E, Pinal-Fernandez I, Lloyd TE, et al.. More severe disease and slower recovery in younger patients with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017, 56:787-94. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew470","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171495","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of refractory anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"46","author":"Landon-Cardinal O","year":"2019","unstructured":"Landon-Cardinal O, Allenbach Y, Soulages A, et al.. Rituximab in the treatment of refractory anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. J Rheumatol. 2019, 46:623-7. 10.3899\/jrheum.171495","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/2ao5ze","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes in anti-HMG-CoA reductase-associated immune-mediated necrotising myopathy. Comparative analysis of a single-centre cohort and published data","volume":"40","author":"Rademacher JG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rademacher JG, Glaubitz S, Zechel S, Oettler M, Tampe B, Schmidt J, Korsten P. Treatment and outcomes in anti-HMG-CoA reductase-associated immune-mediated necrotising myopathy. Comparative analysis of a single-centre cohort and published data. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022, 40:320-8. 10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/2ao5ze","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-015-0548-6","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: Update on diagnosis and management","volume":"17","author":"Basharat P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basharat P, Christopher-Stine L. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: Update on diagnosis and management. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2015, 17:72. 10.1007\/s11926-015-0548-6","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2016.08.013","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes in necrotising autoimmune myopathy: An Australian perspective","volume":"26","author":"Ashton C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashton C, Junckerstorff R, Bundell C, Hollingsworth P, Needham M. Treatment and outcomes in necrotising autoimmune myopathy: An Australian perspective. Neuromuscul Disord. 2016, 26:734-40. 10.1016\/j.nmd.2016.08.013","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2019.07.006","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"45","author":"Vencovsk\u00fd J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vencovsk\u00fd J, Alexanderson H, Lundberg IE. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2019, 45:569-81. 10.1016\/j.rdc.2019.07.006","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103286","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A comprehensive review of the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments","volume":"148","author":"Li C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li C, Liu H, Yang L, Liu R, Yin G, Xie Q. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A comprehensive review of the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments. J Autoimmun. 2024, 148:103286. 10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103286","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42636","article-title":"The 2022 EULAR\/ACR points to consider at the early stages of diagnosis and management of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH\/MAS)","volume":"75","author":"Shakoory B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shakoory B, Geerlinks A, Wilejto M, et al.. The 2022 EULAR\/ACR points to consider at the early stages of diagnosis and management of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH\/MAS). Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023, 75:1714-32. 10.1002\/art.42636","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-015-0277-y","article-title":"Inflammatory myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: Case series of 100 patients","volume":"10","author":"Suzuki S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Nishikawa A, Kuwana M, et al.. Inflammatory myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: Case series of 100 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2015, 10:61. 10.1186\/s13023-015-0277-y","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102993","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM): A myopathological challenge","volume":"21","author":"Merlonghi G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Merlonghi G, Antonini G, Garibaldi M. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM): A myopathological challenge. Autoimmun Rev. 2022, 21:102993. 10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102993","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000065","article-title":"Necrotizing myopathies: An update","volume":"16","author":"Quinn C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quinn C, Salameh JS, Smith T, Souayah N. Necrotizing myopathies: An update. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2015, 16:131-40. 10.1097\/CND.0000000000000065","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2014.12.001","article-title":"205th ENMC International Workshop: Pathology diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies part II","volume":"25","author":"De Bleecker JL","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Bleecker JL, De Paepe B, Aronica E, et al.. 205th ENMC International Workshop: Pathology diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies part II. Neuromuscul Disord. 2015, 25:268-72. 10.1016\/j.nmd.2014.12.001","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118525","article-title":"The pathogenesis of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: Progress and therapeutic implications","volume":"191","author":"Yang M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang M, Bi Z, Li Z, et al.. The pathogenesis of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: Progress and therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother. 2025, 191:118525. 10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118525","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(21)00159-9","article-title":"Safety, efficacy, and tolerability of efgartigimod in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (ADAPT): A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Howard JF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Howard JF, Bril V, Vu T, et al.. Safety, efficacy, and tolerability of efgartigimod in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (ADAPT): A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021, 20:10.1016\/s1474-4422(21)00159-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74940-1","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies related to anti-SRP: A single center experience","volume":"14","author":"Tang Q","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang Q, Xie X, He J, Li F, Chen J, Mao N. Clinical characteristics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies related to anti-SRP: A single center experience. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:25788. 10.1038\/s41598-024-74940-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/434567-immune-mediated-necrotizing-myopathy-a-systematic-review-of-antibody-specific-mechanisms-and-treatment-outcomes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T14:28:02Z","timestamp":1764253682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/434567-immune-mediated-necrotizing-myopathy-a-systematic-review-of-antibody-specific-mechanisms-and-treatment-outcomes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.97933","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]}}}