{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T21:00:25Z","timestamp":1764277225790,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.97964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T20:49:01Z","timestamp":1764276541000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Epidural Anaesthesia on Postoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Paediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Priyadarshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anish","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Nehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.12.006","article-title":"Perioperative care in cardiac surgery: a joint consensus statement by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Cardiac Society, ERAS International Society, and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)","volume":"117","author":"Grant MC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grant MC, Crisafi C, Alvarez A, et al.. Perioperative care in cardiac surgery: a joint consensus statement by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Cardiac Society, ERAS International Society, and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Ann Thorac Surg. 2024, 117:669-89. 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.12.006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2023.01.006","article-title":"Non-analgesic benefits of combined thoracic epidural analgesia with general anesthesia in on-pump pediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study","volume":"80","author":"Kumar A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar A, Kapoor R, Mishra S, Joshi A, Tiwari N, Ramamurthy HR. Non-analgesic benefits of combined thoracic epidural analgesia with general anesthesia in on-pump pediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. Med J Armed Forces India. 2024, 80:80-90. 10.1016\/j.mjafi.2023.01.006","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102903","article-title":"Regulation of acute reflectory hyperinflammation in viral and other diseases by means of stellate ganglion block. A conceptual view with a focus on COVID-19","volume":"237","author":"Fischer L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fischer L, Barop H, Ludin SM, Schaible HG. Regulation of acute reflectory hyperinflammation in viral and other diseases by means of stellate ganglion block. A conceptual view with a focus on COVID-19. Auton Neurosci. 2022, 237:102903. 10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102903","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351211064143","article-title":"Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in congenital heart surgery: what is known and what is new?","volume":"13","author":"Manuel V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manuel V, Miana LA, Jatene MB. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in congenital heart surgery: what is known and what is new?. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2022, 13:208-16. 10.1177\/21501351211064143","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/GKDAD.2023.75010","article-title":"Potential role of erector spinae plane block on neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in cardiac surgery patients","volume":"29","author":"Aykut A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aykut A, Salman N, Demir ZA, Karadeniz \u00dc, \u00d6zg\u00f6k A. Potential role of erector spinae plane block on neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in cardiac surgery patients. GKDA Derg. 2023, 29:141-7. 10.14744\/GKDAD.2023.75010","journal-title":"GKDA Derg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.06.024","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block regulates inflammatory cytokines and improves short-term outcome after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Lv H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv H, Lv X, Ai Z, Huang Z, Yu H, Yu X. Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block regulates inflammatory cytokines and improves short-term outcome after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized clinical trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2025, 39:3044-52. 10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.06.024","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.03.071","article-title":"An empirically based tool for analyzing mortality associated with congenital heart surgery","volume":"138","author":"O'Brien SM","year":"2009","unstructured":"O'Brien SM, Clarke DR, Jacobs JP, et al.. An empirically based tool for analyzing mortality associated with congenital heart surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009, 138:1139-53. 10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.03.071","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASM.0001073116.40041.ee","article-title":"ASA provides examples to each ASA physical status class","volume":"79","author":"Abouleish AE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abouleish AE, Leib ML, Cohen NH. ASA provides examples to each ASA physical status class. ASA Monitor. 2015, 79:38-49. 10.1097\/01.ASM.0001073116.40041.ee","journal-title":"ASA Monitor"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S113216","article-title":"Survey of pain specialists regarding conversion of high-dose intravenous to neuraxial opioids","volume":"9","author":"Gorlin AW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gorlin AW, Rosenfeld DM, Maloney J, Wie CS, McGarvey J, Trentman TL. Survey of pain specialists regarding conversion of high-dose intravenous to neuraxial opioids. J Pain Res. 2016, 9:693-700. 10.2147\/JPR.S113216","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_147_22","article-title":"Narrative review of systemic inflammatory response mechanisms in cardiac surgery and immunomodulatory role of anesthetic agents","volume":"26","author":"Maisat W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maisat W, Yuki K. Narrative review of systemic inflammatory response mechanisms in cardiac surgery and immunomodulatory role of anesthetic agents. Ann Card Anaesth. 2023, 26:133-42. 10.4103\/aca.aca_147_22","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/GKDAD.2023.83584","article-title":"Effects of the anesthesia type on hematological parameters in coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"29","author":"\u015eahin T","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u015eahin T, G\u00f6rg\u00fcn S, Karaca S, \u00d6zs\u00f6yler \u0130. Effects of the anesthesia type on hematological parameters in coronary artery bypass grafting. GKDA Derg. 2023, 29:177-82. 10.14744\/GKDAD.2023.83584","journal-title":"GKDA Derg"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Stress and inflammatory response after beating heart surgery versus conventional bypass surgery: the role of thoracic epidural anesthesia","volume":"4","author":"Ganapathy S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ganapathy S, Murkin JM, Dobkowski W, Boyd D. Stress and inflammatory response after beating heart surgery versus conventional bypass surgery: the role of thoracic epidural anesthesia. Heart Surg Forum. 2001, 4:E323-7.","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149942","article-title":"High spinal anesthesia enhances anti-inflammatory responses in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery and aortic valve replacement: randomized pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Lee TW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee TW, Kowalski S, Falk K, Maguire D, Freed DH, HayGlass KT. High spinal anesthesia enhances anti-inflammatory responses in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery and aortic valve replacement: randomized pilot study. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0149942. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0149942","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-015-0091-y","article-title":"Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Zhang S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wu X, Guo H, Ma L. Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Med Res. 2015, 20:25. 10.1186\/s40001-015-0091-y","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12055-022-01373-8","article-title":"Fast-tracking with continuous thoracic epidural analgesia in paediatric congenital heart surgeries: an institutional experience","volume":"38","author":"Kumar A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar A, Ramamurthy HR, Tiwari N, Joshi S, Kumar G, Kumar V, Sharma V. Fast-tracking with continuous thoracic epidural analgesia in paediatric congenital heart surgeries: an institutional experience. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022, 38:469-80. 10.1007\/s12055-022-01373-8","journal-title":"Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-1157","article-title":"Impact of high spinal anesthesia in pediatric congenital heart surgery on postoperative recovery: a retrospective propensity score-matched study","volume":"16","author":"Sivamurugan A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sivamurugan A, Sondekoppam R, Rier A, et al.. Impact of high spinal anesthesia in pediatric congenital heart surgery on postoperative recovery: a retrospective propensity score-matched study. J Thorac Dis. 2024, 16:7417-26. 10.21037\/jtd-24-1157","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2000.00557.x","article-title":"Epidural sufentanil during paediatric cardiac surgery: effects on metabolic response and postoperative outcome","volume":"10","author":"Bichel T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bichel T, Rouge JC, Schlegel S, Spahr-Schopfer I, Kalangos A. Epidural sufentanil during paediatric cardiac surgery: effects on metabolic response and postoperative outcome. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000, 10:609-17. 10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2000.00557.x","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2005.01.041","article-title":"Caudal anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery: does it affect outcome?","volume":"19","author":"Leyvi G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leyvi G, Taylor DG, Reith E, Stock A, Crooke G, Wasnick JD. Caudal anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery: does it affect outcome?. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2005, 19:734-8. 10.1053\/j.jvca.2005.01.041","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318210f9f8","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the adult thoracic and lumbar spine for central neuraxial blockade","volume":"114","author":"Chin KJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chin KJ, Karmakar MK, Peng P. Ultrasonography of the adult thoracic and lumbar spine for central neuraxial blockade. Anesthesiology. 2011, 114:1459-85. 10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318210f9f8","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006715.pub2","article-title":"Epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery","author":"Svircevic V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Svircevic V, Passier MM, Nierich AP, van Dijk D, Kalkman CJ, van der Heijden GJ. Epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, CD006715. 10.1002\/14651858.CD006715.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/424690-effect-of-epidural-anaesthesia-on-postoperative-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio-in-paediatric-cardiac-surgery-a-retrospective-cohort-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T20:49:02Z","timestamp":1764276542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/424690-effect-of-epidural-anaesthesia-on-postoperative-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio-in-paediatric-cardiac-surgery-a-retrospective-cohort-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.97964","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]}}}