{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T15:39:47Z","timestamp":1764344387395,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.98016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T15:38:01Z","timestamp":1764344281000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventing Surgical Site Infections: A Narrative Review of Antiseptic Solutions in the Operating Theatre"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ruqaiya","family":"Al-Habsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1630272","article-title":"Summary of the best evidence for the use of antiseptics at various surgical sites to prevent postoperative infections","volume":"12","author":"Du Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Du Q, Wu S, Jin Z, Ni L. Summary of the best evidence for the use of antiseptics at various surgical sites to prevent postoperative infections. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025, 12:1630272. 10.3389\/fmed.2025.1630272","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_1117_24","article-title":"Factors influencing surgical site infections and health economic evaluation in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer","volume":"20","author":"Liu G","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu G, Ma L. Factors influencing surgical site infections and health economic evaluation in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther. 2024, 20:2125-32. 10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_1117_24","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103355","article-title":"Surgical solutions for preoperative skin preparation in total hip arthroplasty: a cost-effectiveness analysis of Betadine\u00ae and Chloraprep\u2122","volume":"108","author":"Rougereau G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rougereau G, Chatelain L, Terracher R, Zadegan F, Ollat D. Surgical solutions for preoperative skin preparation in total hip arthroplasty: a cost-effectiveness analysis of Betadine\u00ae and Chloraprep\u2122. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2022, 108:103355. 10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103355","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.24075","article-title":"Surgical site infection prevention. A review","volume":"329","author":"Seidelman JL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seidelman JL, Mantyh CR, Anderson DJ. Surgical site infection prevention. A review. JAMA. 2023, 329:244-52. 10.1001\/jama.2022.24075","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_949_23","article-title":"Influence of surgical scrubs outside the operation theatre on post-operative infections - a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Mohammed Al-Aamri HH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammed Al-Aamri HH, Nair AS, Al Sawafi KM, Al Sharji I, Al Jabri A. Influence of surgical scrubs outside the operation theatre on post-operative infections - a systematic review. Indian J Anaesth. 2024, 68:223-30. 10.4103\/ija.ija_949_23","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20408\/jti.2025.0019","article-title":"Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review","volume":"38","author":"Rezaei AR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rezaei AR, Zienkiewicz D, Rezaei AR. Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review. J Trauma Inj. 2025, 38:71-81. 10.20408\/jti.2025.0019","journal-title":"J Trauma Inj"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.107","article-title":"Pre-operative antisepsis protocol compliance and the effect on bacterial load reduction","volume":"17","author":"Lundberg PW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lundberg PW, Smith AA, Heaney JB, Wimley WC, Hauch AT, Nichols RL, Korndorffer JR Jr. Pre-operative antisepsis protocol compliance and the effect on bacterial load reduction. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2016, 17:32-7. 10.1089\/sur.2015.107","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.67","article-title":"Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 update","volume":"44","author":"Calderwood MS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calderwood MS, Anderson DJ, Bratzler DW, et al.. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023, 44:695-720. 10.1017\/ice.2023.67","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.04.019","article-title":"Skin antisepsis: it's not only what you use, it's the way that you use it","volume":"96","author":"Casey AL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Casey AL, Badia JM, Higgins A, Korndorffer J, Mantyh C, Mimoz O, Moro M. Skin antisepsis: it's not only what you use, it's the way that you use it. J Hosp Infect. 2017, 96:221-2. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.04.019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/s107036322306035x","article-title":"Development of the formulation of antiseptics and disinfectants based on silver nanoparticles","volume":"93","author":"Dymnikova NS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dymnikova NS, Kusnetsov OY, Moryganov AP, et al.. Development of the formulation of antiseptics and disinfectants based on silver nanoparticles. Russ J Gen Chem. 2023, 93:1605-10. 10.1134\/s107036322306035x","journal-title":"Russ J Gen Chem"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2021.11.021","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the skin","volume":"40","author":"Mohamed SA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamed SA, Hargest R. Surgical anatomy of the skin. Surgery (Oxford). 2021, 40:1-7. 10.1016\/j.mpsur.2021.11.021","journal-title":"Surgery (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life11070665","article-title":"Cutaneous wound healing: an update from physiopathology to current therapies","volume":"11","author":"Gushiken LF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gushiken LF, Beserra FP, Bastos JK, Jackson CJ, Pellizzon CH. Cutaneous wound healing: an update from physiopathology to current therapies. Life (Basel). 2021, 11:665. 10.3390\/life11070665","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003949.pub4","article-title":"Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery","volume":"2015","author":"Dumville JC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dumville JC, McFarlane E, Edwards P, Lipp A, Holmes A, Liu Z. Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015, 2015:CD003949. 10.1002\/14651858.CD003949.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317887","article-title":"Nurses' knowledge and its determinants in surgical site infection prevention: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Habtie TE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Habtie TE, Feleke SF, Terefe AB, Alamaw AW, Abate MD. Nurses' knowledge and its determinants in surgical site infection prevention: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2025, 20:e0317887. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0317887","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.09.012","article-title":"Clinical and economic burden of surgical site infection (SSI) and predicted financial consequences of elimination of SSI from an English hospital","volume":"86","author":"Jenks PJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jenks PJ, Laurent M, McQuarry S, Watkins R. Clinical and economic burden of surgical site infection (SSI) and predicted financial consequences of elimination of SSI from an English hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2014, 86:24-33. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.09.012","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Skin preparation for the prevention of surgical site infection: which agent is best?","volume":"11","author":"Hemani ML","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hemani ML, Lepor H. Skin preparation for the prevention of surgical site infection: which agent is best?. Rev Urol. 2009, 11:190-5.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-45453-0_5","article-title":"Principles of antiseptic treatments","author":"Iacopi E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iacopi E, Giangreco F, Piaggesi A. Principles of antiseptic treatments. Pearls and Pitfalls in Skin Ulcer Management. Springer, Cham; 2023. 10.1007\/978-3-031-45453-0_5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.010","article-title":"Skin preparation before surgery: options and evidence","volume":"16","author":"Sidhwa F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sidhwa F, Itani KM. Skin preparation before surgery: options and evidence. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2015, 16:14-23. 10.1089\/sur.2015.010","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.085","article-title":"Review of pre-operative skin preparation options based on surgical site in orthopedic surgery","volume":"22","author":"Dockery DM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dockery DM, Allu S, Vishwanath N, et al.. Review of pre-operative skin preparation options based on surgical site in orthopedic surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2021, 22:1004-13. 10.1089\/sur.2021.085","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2007.00405.x","article-title":"Povidone-iodine: use in hand disinfection, skin preparation and antiseptic irrigation","volume":"5","author":"Durani P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Durani P, Leaper D. Povidone-iodine: use in hand disinfection, skin preparation and antiseptic irrigation. Int Wound J. 2008, 5:376-87. 10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2007.00405.x","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-18-00105","article-title":"An overview of skin antiseptics used in orthopaedic surgery procedures","volume":"27","author":"Letzelter J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Letzelter J, Hill JB, Hacquebord J. An overview of skin antiseptics used in orthopaedic surgery procedures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019, 27:599-606. 10.5435\/JAAOS-D-18-00105","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.8531","article-title":"Povidone iodine vs chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol for preoperative skin antisepsis. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"332","author":"Widmer AF","year":"2024","unstructured":"Widmer AF, Atkinson A, Kuster SP, et al.. Povidone iodine vs chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol for preoperative skin antisepsis. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2024, 332:541-9. 10.1001\/jama.2024.8531","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.033","article-title":"Chlorhexidine allergy in the perioperative setting: a narrative review","volume":"123","author":"Rose MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rose MA, Garcez T, Savic S, Garvey LH. Chlorhexidine allergy in the perioperative setting: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth. 2019, 123:e95-e103. 10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.033","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Immediate hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine: literature review","volume":"36","author":"Beaudouin E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beaudouin E, Kanny G, Morisset M, et al.. Immediate hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine: literature review. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004, 36:123-6.","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.04.033","article-title":"Surgical field and skin preparation","volume":"105","author":"Jolivet S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jolivet S, Lucet JC. Surgical field and skin preparation. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019, 105:S1-6. 10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.04.033","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22548","article-title":"Perioperative skin preparation","volume":"32 Suppl 1","author":"Tokarski AT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tokarski AT, Blaha D, Mont MA, et al.. Perioperative skin preparation. J Orthop Res. 2014, 32 Suppl 1:S26-30. 10.1002\/jor.22548","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.09.001","article-title":"Dermal tolerance of Sterillium, a propanol-based hand rub","volume":"55","author":"Kampf G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kampf G, Muscatiello M. Dermal tolerance of Sterillium, a propanol-based hand rub. J Hosp Infect. 2003, 55:295-8. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.09.001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1281","article-title":"Spectrum of antimicrobial activity and user acceptability of the hand disinfectant agent Sterillium Gel","volume":"52","author":"Kampf G","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kampf G, Rudolf M, Labadie JC, Barrett SP. Spectrum of antimicrobial activity and user acceptability of the hand disinfectant agent Sterillium Gel. J Hosp Infect. 2002, 52:141-7. 10.1053\/jhin.2002.1281","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-6701(03)00087-2","article-title":"Suitability of Sterillium GelTM for surgical hand disinfection","volume":"54","author":"Kampf G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kampf G, Kapella M. Suitability of Sterillium GelTM for surgical hand disinfection. J Hosp Infect. 2003, 54:222-5. 10.1016\/s0195-6701(03)00087-2","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-6701(01)90010-6","article-title":"Hand antiseptics: rubs versus scrubs, alcoholic solutions versus alcoholic gels","volume":"48","author":"Pietsch H","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pietsch H. Hand antiseptics: rubs versus scrubs, alcoholic solutions versus alcoholic gels. J Hosp Infect. 2001, 48:33-6. 10.1016\/s0195-6701(01)90010-6","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CNQ.0b013e3181a27b86","article-title":"Going around in circles: is this the best practice for preparing the skin?","volume":"32","author":"Stonecypher K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stonecypher K. Going around in circles: is this the best practice for preparing the skin?. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2009, 32:94-8. 10.1097\/CNQ.0b013e3181a27b86","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004985.pub5","article-title":"Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection","volume":"2015","author":"Webster J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Webster J, Osborne S. Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015, 2015:CD004985. 10.1002\/14651858.CD004985.pub5","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.02.018","article-title":"Efficacy of preoperative home use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloth before shoulder surgery","volume":"20","author":"Murray MR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murray MR, Saltzman MD, Gryzlo SM, Terry MA, Woodward CC, Nuber GW. Efficacy of preoperative home use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloth before shoulder surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011, 20:928-33. 10.1016\/j.jse.2011.02.018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00768","article-title":"Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in shoulder surgery","volume":"91","author":"Saltzman MD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saltzman MD, Nuber GW, Gryzlo SM, Marecek GS, Koh JL. Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in shoulder surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009, 91:1949-53. 10.2106\/JBJS.H.00768","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.10.004","article-title":"Is surgical site scrubbing before painting of value? Review and meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"89","author":"Lefebvre A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lefebvre A, Saliou P, Mimoz O, et al.. Is surgical site scrubbing before painting of value? Review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. J Hosp Infect. 2015, 89:28-37. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.10.004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mnj.2022.295569","article-title":"Comparison of the antiseptic effects of Betadine and Sterillium on microbial load of surgical hands","volume":"9","author":"Ali R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali R, Eldegla H, Abdelraoof S. Comparison of the antiseptic effects of Betadine and Sterillium on microbial load of surgical hands. Mansoura Nurs J. 2022, 9:213-22. 10.21608\/mnj.2022.295569","journal-title":"Mansoura Nurs J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2023.04.002","article-title":"A new checklist surgical hand scrub to replace time-based methods - a pixel intensity analysis","volume":"21","author":"Aslan L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aslan L, Subasi O, Mizikoglu D, et al.. A new checklist surgical hand scrub to replace time-based methods - a pixel intensity analysis. Surgeon. 2023, 21:344-50. 10.1016\/j.surge.2023.04.002","journal-title":"Surgeon"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/436609-preventing-surgical-site-infections-a-narrative-review-of-antiseptic-solutions-in-the-operating-theatre","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T15:38:02Z","timestamp":1764344282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/436609-preventing-surgical-site-infections-a-narrative-review-of-antiseptic-solutions-in-the-operating-theatre"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.98016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]}}}