{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T14:09:49Z","timestamp":1764425389382,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.98078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T14:06:34Z","timestamp":1764425194000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)? A Lethal Case of Malignancy-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient With Concurrent Autoimmune Disease"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Cargill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristine K","family":"Arcilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurjit S","family":"Kaeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myint","family":"Thway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alkhasawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raafat","family":"Makary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifra","family":"Badar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2018894618","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults","volume":"133","author":"La Ros\u00e9e P","year":"2019","unstructured":"La Ros\u00e9e P, Horne A, Hines M, et al.. Recommendations for the management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults. Blood. 2019, 133:2465-77. 10.1182\/blood.2018894618","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04393-7","article-title":"Macrophage activation syndrome complicating rheumatic diseases in adults: case-based review","volume":"40","author":"Gilboa M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilboa M, Bornstein G, Ben-Zvi I, Grossman C. Macrophage activation syndrome complicating rheumatic diseases in adults: case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 2020, 40:663-9. 10.1007\/s00296-019-04393-7","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020715","article-title":"Malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Sweden: incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival","volume":"143","author":"L\u00f6fstedt A","year":"2024","unstructured":"L\u00f6fstedt A, J\u00e4dersten M, Meeths M, Henter JI. Malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Sweden: incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival. Blood. 2024, 143:233-42. 10.1182\/blood.2023020715","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2024.102896","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor use: A review of the current knowledge and future directions","volume":"110","author":"Walmsley CS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Walmsley CS, Schoepflin Z, De Brabandt C, et al.. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor use: A review of the current knowledge and future directions. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2025, 110:102896. 10.1016\/j.bcmd.2024.102896","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42636","article-title":"The 2022 EULAR\/ACR points to consider at the early stages of diagnosis and management of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH\/MAS)","volume":"75","author":"Shakoory B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shakoory B, Geerlinks A, Wilejto M, et al.. The 2022 EULAR\/ACR points to consider at the early stages of diagnosis and management of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH\/MAS). Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023, 75:1714-32. 10.1002\/art.42636","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001402","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor blockade Is associated with reduced mortality in sepsis patients with features of macrophage activation syndrome: reanalysis of a prior phase III trial","volume":"44","author":"Shakoory B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shakoory B, Carcillo JA, Chatham WW, et al.. Interleukin-1 receptor blockade Is associated with reduced mortality in sepsis patients with features of macrophage activation syndrome: reanalysis of a prior phase III trial. Crit Care Med. 2016, 44:275-81. 10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001402","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.12.012","article-title":"Prognostic factors and outcomes of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"89","author":"Parikh SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parikh SA, Kapoor P, Letendre L, et al.. Prognostic factors and outcomes of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014, 89:484-92. 10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.12.012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02135-8","article-title":"Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH): a scoping review unveils clinical and diagnostic patterns of a lymphoma subgroup with poor prognosis","volume":"38","author":"Knauft J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Knauft J, Schenk T, Ernst T, et al.. Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH): a scoping review unveils clinical and diagnostic patterns of a lymphoma subgroup with poor prognosis. Leukemia. 2024, 38:235-49. 10.1038\/s41375-024-02135-8","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11048","article-title":"Ferritin to erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio: simple measure to identify macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Eloseily EM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eloseily EM, Minoia F, Crayne CB, et al.. Ferritin to erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio: simple measure to identify macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2019, 1:345-9. 10.1002\/acr2.11048","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-356261","article-title":"Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol","volume":"118","author":"Trottestam H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trottestam H, Horne A, Aric\u00f2 M, et al.. Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol. Blood. 2011, 118:4577-84. 10.1182\/blood-2011-06-356261","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010546","article-title":"Early response markers predict survival after etoposide-based therapy of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"7","author":"Verkamp B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verkamp B, Zoref-Lorenz A, Francisco B, et al.. Early response markers predict survival after etoposide-based therapy of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood Adv. 2023, 7:7258-69. 10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010546","journal-title":"Blood Adv"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/383705-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-hlh-or-macrophage-activation-syndrome-mas-a-lethal-case-of-malignancy-associated-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-in-a-patient-with-concurrent-autoimmune-disease","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T14:06:35Z","timestamp":1764425195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/383705-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-hlh-or-macrophage-activation-syndrome-mas-a-lethal-case-of-malignancy-associated-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-in-a-patient-with-concurrent-autoimmune-disease"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"references-count":11,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.98078","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]}}}