{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T16:12:53Z","timestamp":1764519173257,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.98154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T16:11:07Z","timestamp":1764519067000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Acute Scrotal Emergencies: A Comprehensive Case Series"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Louviere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourdhu P","family":"Onteddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oswaldo A","family":"Guevara Tirado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai R","family":"Vulasala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Abu Hana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grit","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dheeraj R","family":"Gopireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2011.19.168-171","article-title":"Application of ultrasound in medicine","volume":"19","author":"Carovac A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carovac A, Smajlovic F, Junuzovic D. Application of ultrasound in medicine. Acta Inform Med. 2011, 19:168-71. 10.5455\/aim.2011.19.168-171","journal-title":"Acta Inform Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13057","article-title":"Use of contrast enhanced ultrasound in testicular diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Tenuta M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tenuta M, Sesti F, Bonaventura I, Mazzotta P, Pofi R, Gianfrilli D, Pozza C. Use of contrast enhanced ultrasound in testicular diseases: a comprehensive review. Andrology. 2021, 9:1369-82. 10.1111\/andr.13057","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0698-8","article-title":"Role of US in acute scrotal pain","volume":"29","author":"Liguori G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liguori G, Bucci S, Zordani A, et al.. Role of US in acute scrotal pain. World J Urol. 2011, 29:639-43. 10.1007\/s00345-011-0698-8","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis, scrotum","author":"Garcia RA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia RA, Sajjad H. Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis, scrotum. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2023."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002496","article-title":"Diagnosing with a TWIST: systematic review and meta-analysis of a testicular torsion risk score","volume":"208","author":"Qin KR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin KR, Qu LG. Diagnosing with a TWIST: systematic review and meta-analysis of a testicular torsion risk score. J Urol. 2022, 208:62-70. 10.1097\/JU.0000000000002496","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756479313503212","article-title":"Partial testicular torsion and torsion-detorsion syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Patel NU","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel NU, Drose PU, Russ P. Partial testicular torsion and torsion-detorsion syndrome. J Diagn Med Sonogr. 2013, 29:225-31. 10.1177\/8756479313503212","journal-title":"J Diagn Med Sonogr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.1999.0178","article-title":"Clinical and imaging features of testicular torsion: role of ultrasound","volume":"54","author":"Sidhu PS","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sidhu PS. Clinical and imaging features of testicular torsion: role of ultrasound. Clin Radiol. 1999, 54:343-52. 10.1053\/crad.1999.0178","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1384-5","article-title":"Torsion of testicular appendage","volume":"40","author":"Singh AK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh AK, Kao SC. Torsion of testicular appendage. Pediatr Radiol. 2010, 40:373. 10.1007\/s00247-009-1384-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpem.2009.01.010","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of testicular torsion, torsion of the appendix testis, and epididymitis","volume":"10","author":"Yin S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yin S, Trainor JL. Diagnosis and management of testicular torsion, torsion of the appendix testis, and epididymitis. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med. 2009, 10:38-44. 10.1016\/j.cpem.2009.01.010","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Varicocele in adolescents: a review and guideline for the daily practice","volume":"65","author":"Waalkes R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Waalkes R, Manea IF, Nijman JM. Varicocele in adolescents: a review and guideline for the daily practice. Arch Esp Urol. 2012, 65:859-871.","journal-title":"Arch Esp Urol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Varicocele in adolescents","volume":"63","author":"Dobanovacki D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dobanovacki D. Varicocele in adolescents. Med Pregl. 2010, 63:741-6.","journal-title":"Med Pregl"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271001744","article-title":"Sonography of the scrotum","volume":"227","author":"Dogra VS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, Rubens DJ. Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology. 2003, 227:18-36. 10.1148\/radiol.2271001744","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-018-0347-2","article-title":"Thrombosed varicocele - a rare cause for acute scrotal pain: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Raghavendran M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raghavendran M, Venugopal A, Kiran Kumar G. Thrombosed varicocele - a rare cause for acute scrotal pain: a case report. BMC Urol. 2018, 18:34. 10.1186\/s12894-018-0347-2","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_156_24","article-title":"Varicocele and interventional radiology: a comprehensive case study on diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and implications for reproductive health","volume":"16","author":"Mehakar S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehakar S, Anjankar N, Bachate P, Jadhao R, Gajabe G, More A, Khemani S. Varicocele and interventional radiology: a comprehensive case study on diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and implications for reproductive health. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024, 16:S2995-8. 10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_156_24","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Post traumatic hematocele - ultrasonography and elastography imaging","volume":"10","author":"Pandey S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandey S, Phatak SV, Reddy GS, Shah AB. Post traumatic hematocele - ultrasonography and elastography imaging. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2021, 10:1636-8.","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2005.11.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of testicular ruptures","volume":"33","author":"Buckley JC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buckley JC, McAninch JW. Diagnosis and management of testicular ruptures. Urol Clin North Am. 2006, 33:111-6. 10.1016\/j.ucl.2005.11.002","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003450050114","article-title":"Penile fracture and testicular rupture","volume":"17","author":"Haas CA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haas CA, Brown SL, Spirnak JP. Penile fracture and testicular rupture. World J Urol. 1999, 17:101-6. 10.1007\/s003450050114","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.07.009","article-title":"Current management of penile fracture: an up-to-date systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Falcone M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Falcone M, Garaffa G, Castiglione F, Ralph DJ. Current management of penile fracture: an up-to-date systematic review. Sex Med Rev. 2018, 6:253-60. 10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.07.009","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442855","article-title":"Critical manifestations of pneumoscrotum","volume":"9","author":"Dagur G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dagur G, Lee MY, Warren K, Imhof R, Khan SA. Critical manifestations of pneumoscrotum. Curr Urol. 2016, 9:62-6. 10.1159\/000442855","journal-title":"Curr Urol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0644(05)80122-2","article-title":"Pneumoscrotum","volume":"22","author":"Firman R","year":"1993","unstructured":"Firman R, Heiselman D, Lloyd T, Mardesich P. Pneumoscrotum. Ann Emerg Med. 1993, 22:1353-6. 10.1016\/s0196-0644(05)80122-2","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-0912630","article-title":"Causes & management of testicular abscess: findings of a study on eleven patients","volume":"9","author":"Biswas S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Biswas S, Basu G. Causes & management of testicular abscess: findings of a study on eleven patients. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2013, 9:26-30. 10.9790\/0853-0912630","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)45286-4","article-title":"Testicular abscess: diagnosis by ultrasonography","volume":"136","author":"Mevorach RA","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mevorach RA, Lerner RM, Dvoretsky PM, Rabinowitz R. Testicular abscess: diagnosis by ultrasonography. J Urol. 1986, 136:1213-6. 10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)45286-4","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2019.1600582","article-title":"Epidemiology of hydrocele and spermatocele; incidence, treatment and complications","volume":"53","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m KJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m KJ, S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m L, Jernow H, Stattin P, Nordin P. Epidemiology of hydrocele and spermatocele; incidence, treatment and complications. Scand J Urol. 2019, 53:134-8. 10.1080\/21681805.2019.1600582","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33545\/surgery.2020.v4.i2b.397","article-title":"Clinico - sonological and pathological evaluation of extratesticular scrotal lesion","volume":"4","author":"Patel MP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel MP, Vadodariya BP, Patel P, Shah D. Clinico - sonological and pathological evaluation of extratesticular scrotal lesion. Int J Surg Sci. 2020, 4:69-73. 10.33545\/surgery.2020.v4.i2b.397","journal-title":"Int J Surg Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz316","article-title":"More than just torsion: an unusual case of testicular pain","volume":"185","author":"Martin CD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin CD, Sulava E, Bloom A. More than just torsion: an unusual case of testicular pain. Mil Med. 2020, 185:e900-3. 10.1093\/milmed\/usz316","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.177.5.1771131","article-title":"Comparison of tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses: clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features","volume":"177","author":"Yang DM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yang DM, Yoon MH, Kim HS, et al.. Comparison of tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses: clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001, 177:1131-5. 10.2214\/ajr.177.5.1771131","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06753-w","article-title":"Surgical management of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis: a retrospective study of 81 cases with long-term follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Huang Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Chen B, Cao D, et al.. Surgical management of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis: a retrospective study of 81 cases with long-term follow-up. BMC Infect Dis. 2021, 21:1068. 10.1186\/s12879-021-06753-w","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ua.ua_12_21","article-title":"Isolated tuberculous orchitis presented as epididymo-orchitis: an unusual presentation of tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Mehboob K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehboob K, Madani TA. Isolated tuberculous orchitis presented as epididymo-orchitis: an unusual presentation of tuberculosis. Urol Ann. 2022, 14:189-95. 10.4103\/ua.ua_12_21","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.282075048","article-title":"Fournier gangrene: role of imaging","volume":"28","author":"Levenson RB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levenson RB, Singh AK, Novelline RA. Fournier gangrene: role of imaging. Radiographics. 2008, 28:519-28. 10.1148\/rg.282075048","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.1.9423625","article-title":"Radiology of Fournier's gangrene","volume":"170","author":"Rajan DK","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rajan DK, Scharer KA. Radiology of Fournier's gangrene. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998, 170:163-8. 10.2214\/ajr.170.1.9423625","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/427871-ultrasonographic-evaluation-of-acute-scrotal-emergencies-a-comprehensive-case-series","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T16:11:08Z","timestamp":1764519068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/427871-ultrasonographic-evaluation-of-acute-scrotal-emergencies-a-comprehensive-case-series"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.98154","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]}}}