{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T20:32:07Z","timestamp":1791750727085,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.98205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T07:25:13Z","timestamp":1764573913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiple Tuberculous Bronchopleural Fistulas Complicated by Hydropneumothorax: A Case Report of Successful Conservative Management"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mohamad Zikir","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathin","family":"Hadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Aireene","family":"Wan Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20664-w","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis and attributable risk factors for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases 2021 study","volume":"24","author":"Yang H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Ruan X, Li W, Xiong J, Zheng Y. Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis and attributable risk factors for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases 2021 study. BMC Public Health. 2024, 24:3111. 10.1186\/s12889-024-20664-w","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-025-05178-2","article-title":"Bronchopleural fistula secondary to smoke inhalation injury: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Zahid I","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zahid I, Tahir R, Sohail A, Hooks BJ. Bronchopleural fistula secondary to smoke inhalation injury: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2025, 19:117. 10.1186\/s13256-025-05178-2","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02374-y","article-title":"Bronchial tuberculosis with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report","volume":"23","author":"Li T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li T, Li YH, Zhang M. Bronchial tuberculosis with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report. BMC Pulm Med. 2023, 23:93. 10.1186\/s12890-023-02374-y","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.02.18","article-title":"Tuberculous pleural effusions: advances and controversies","volume":"7","author":"Vorster MJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vorster MJ, Allwood BW, Diacon AH, Koegelenberg CF. Tuberculous pleural effusions: advances and controversies. J Thorac Dis. 2015, 7:981-91. 10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.02.18","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23247096231220466","article-title":"Tuberculous bronchopleural fistula: a rare and life-threatening disease","volume":"11","author":"Bathobakae L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bathobakae L, Shahid A, Wilkinson T, et al.. Tuberculous bronchopleural fistula: a rare and life-threatening disease. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023, 11:23247096231220466. 10.1177\/23247096231220466","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40844","article-title":"Hydropneumothorax with bronchopleural fistula following the activation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Al-Neyadi M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Neyadi M, Alghfeli S, Dukandar M. Hydropneumothorax with bronchopleural fistula following the activation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a case report. Cureus. 2023, 15:e40844. 10.7759\/cureus.40844","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjac490","article-title":"A step-up approach to management of complex bronchopleural fistula","volume":"2022","author":"Mazzolini KJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazzolini KJ, Dzubnar JM, Velotta JB. A step-up approach to management of complex bronchopleural fistula. J Surg Case Rep. 2022, 2022:rjac490. 10.1093\/jscr\/rjac490","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49485","article-title":"A symphony of challenges: multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, pleurocutaneous fistula, and empyema necessitans in concert","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad K, Khan A, Yaseen A, Saleh M, Ali Y, Kakakhel M, Ehsan M. A symphony of challenges: multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, pleurocutaneous fistula, and empyema necessitans in concert. Cureus. 2023, 15:e49485. 10.7759\/cureus.49485","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.740","article-title":"Tuberculous bronchopleural fistula","volume":"9","author":"Stewart AG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stewart AG, Boyd SC. Tuberculous bronchopleural fistula. Respirol Case Rep. 2021, 9:e00740. 10.1002\/rcr2.740","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.165852","article-title":"Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy","volume":"59","author":"Sengupta S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sengupta S. Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy. Indian J Anaesth. 2015, 59:618-26. 10.4103\/0019-5049.165852","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-023-02325-y","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment outcome of bronchopleural fistula: a multi-center study in Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"Woldemariam ST","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woldemariam ST, Molla IB, Merine SK, Yilma DG. Prevalence and treatment outcome of bronchopleural fistula: a multi-center study in Ethiopia. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2023, 18:227. 10.1186\/s13019-023-02325-y","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i10.2282","article-title":"Successful surgical treatment of bronchopleural fistula caused by severe pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Shen L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen L, Jiang YH, Dai XY. Successful surgical treatment of bronchopleural fistula caused by severe pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2023, 11:2282-9. 10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i10.2282","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.03.017","article-title":"Persistent air leak - review","volume":"137","author":"Sakata KK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakata KK, Reisenauer JS, Kern RM, Mullon JJ. Persistent air leak - review. Respir Med. 2018, 137:213-18. 10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.03.017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251618","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert MTB\/RIF assay for detection of tubercular pleural effusion","volume":"16","author":"Jain J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jain J, Jadhao P, Banait S, Salunkhe P. Diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert MTB\/RIF assay for detection of tubercular pleural effusion. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0251618. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0251618","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajmcr-5-9-4","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of bronchopleural fistula following anti-tuberculous treatment","volume":"5","author":"Kasinathan G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kasinathan G, Pillai N. Spontaneous closure of bronchopleural fistula following anti-tuberculous treatment. Am J Med Case Rep. 2017, 5:242-3. 10.12691\/ajmcr-5-9-4","journal-title":"Am J Med Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/431436-multiple-tuberculous-bronchopleural-fistulas-complicated-by-hydropneumothorax-a-case-report-of-successful-conservative-management","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T07:25:17Z","timestamp":1764573917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/431436-multiple-tuberculous-bronchopleural-fistulas-complicated-by-hydropneumothorax-a-case-report-of-successful-conservative-management"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.98205","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]}}}