{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:22:32Z","timestamp":1764937352503,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.98512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:18:48Z","timestamp":1764937128000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Rate of Force Development in Mediating the Relationship Between Task-Specific Fear and Chronic Low Back Pain Among Japanese Caregivers: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Mediation Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Teppei","family":"Abiko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Shigetoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihisa","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yamaguchi","family":"Hideaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michie","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Hing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023, 5:e316-29. 10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-230319","article-title":"Occupational low back pain among Japanese caregivers: a large-scale cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Abiko T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abiko T, Murata S, Shigetoh H, Ohyama M, Sakata E. Occupational low back pain among Japanese caregivers: a large-scale cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2024, 37:1489-98. 10.3233\/BMR-230319","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182498382","article-title":"Potential risk factors for new onset of back pain disability in Japanese workers: findings from the Japan epidemiological research of occupation-related back pain study","volume":"37","author":"Matsudaira K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsudaira K, Konishi H, Miyoshi K, et al.. Potential risk factors for new onset of back pain disability in Japanese workers: findings from the Japan epidemiological research of occupation-related back pain study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012, 37:1324-33. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182498382","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060684","article-title":"Does kinesiophobia mediate the relationship between pain intensity and disability in individuals with chronic low-back pain and obesity?","volume":"11","author":"Varallo G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varallo G, Scarpina F, Giusti EM, Cattivelli R, Guerrini Usubini A, Capodaglio P, Castelnuovo G. Does kinesiophobia mediate the relationship between pain intensity and disability in individuals with chronic low-back pain and obesity?. Brain Sci. 2021, 11:684. 10.3390\/brainsci11060684","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242994","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia and fear-avoidance in non-specific work-related low-back pain as predictors of sickness absence","volume":"15","author":"Mac\u00edas-Toronjo I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mac\u00edas-Toronjo I, Rojas-Oca\u00f1a MJ, S\u00e1nchez-Ramos JL, Garc\u00eda-Navarro EB. Pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia and fear-avoidance in non-specific work-related low-back pain as predictors of sickness absence. PLoS One. 2020, 15:e0242994. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0242994","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099569","article-title":"Is kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising at baseline associated with chronic pain and disability in whiplash-associated disorders? A systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Luque-Suarez A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luque-Suarez A, Falla D, Morales-Asencio JM, Martinez-Calderon J. Is kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising at baseline associated with chronic pain and disability in whiplash-associated disorders? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2020, 54:892-7. 10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099569","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab274","article-title":"The relationship between pain-related threat and motor behavior in nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Ippersiel P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ippersiel P, Teoli A, Wideman TH, Preuss RA, Robbins SM. The relationship between pain-related threat and motor behavior in nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther. 2022, 102:pzab274. 10.1093\/ptj\/pzab274","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.7917","article-title":"Motor control changes in low back pain: divergence in presentations and mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"van Die\u00ebn JH","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Die\u00ebn JH, Reeves NP, Kawchuk G, van Dillen LR, Hodges PW. Motor control changes in low back pain: divergence in presentations and mechanisms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019, 49:370-9. 10.2519\/jospt.2019.7917","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067779","article-title":"Fear of movement is related to trunk stiffness in low back pain","volume":"8","author":"Karayannis NV","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karayannis NV, Smeets RJ, van den Hoorn W, Hodges PW. Fear of movement is related to trunk stiffness in low back pain. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e67779. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0067779","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1006034","article-title":"The association of fear of movement and postural sway in people with low back pain","volume":"13","author":"Meinke A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meinke A, Maschio C, Meier ML, Karlen W, Swanenburg J. The association of fear of movement and postural sway in people with low back pain. Front Psychol. 2022, 13:1006034. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1006034","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-018-5267-6","article-title":"Attention demands of postural control in non-specific chronic low back pain subjects with low and high pain-related anxiety","volume":"236","author":"Shanbehzadeh S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shanbehzadeh S, Salavati M, Talebian S, Khademi-Kalantari K, Tavahomi M. Attention demands of postural control in non-specific chronic low back pain subjects with low and high pain-related anxiety. Exp Brain Res. 2018, 236:1927-38. 10.1007\/s00221-018-5267-6","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06010-4","article-title":"Kinesiophobia modulates lumbar movements in people with chronic low back pain: a kinematic analysis of lumbar bending and returning movement","volume":"28","author":"Osumi M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Osumi M, Sumitani M, Otake Y, et al.. Kinesiophobia modulates lumbar movements in people with chronic low back pain: a kinematic analysis of lumbar bending and returning movement. Eur Spine J. 2019, 28:1572-8. 10.1007\/s00586-019-06010-4","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2012.09.003","article-title":"Altered trunk muscle coordination during rapid trunk flexion in people in remission of recurrent low back pain","volume":"23","author":"D'hooge R","year":"2013","unstructured":"D'hooge R, Hodges P, Tsao H, Hall L, Macdonald D, Danneels L. Altered trunk muscle coordination during rapid trunk flexion in people in remission of recurrent low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2013, 23:173-81. 10.1016\/j.jelekin.2012.09.003","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-169","article-title":"Modifying patterns of movement in people with low back pain -does it help? A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Laird RA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laird RA, Kent P, Keating JL. Modifying patterns of movement in people with low back pain -does it help? A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012, 13:169. 10.1186\/1471-2474-13-169","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics8060123","article-title":"Relationship between acceleration in a sit-to-stand movement and physical function in older adults","volume":"8","author":"Tateoka K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tateoka K, Tsuji T, Shoji T, Tokunaga S, Okura T. Relationship between acceleration in a sit-to-stand movement and physical function in older adults. Geriatrics (Basel). 2023, 8:123. 10.3390\/geriatrics8060123","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104221","article-title":"Association between ground reaction force in sit-to-stand motion and falls in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals","volume":"91","author":"Kera T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kera T, Kawai H, Takahashi J, et al.. Association between ground reaction force in sit-to-stand motion and falls in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020, 91:104221. 10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104221","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002065","article-title":"Relationship between psychological factors and spinal motor behaviour in low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Christe G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christe G, Crombez G, Edd S, Opsommer E, Jolles BM, Favre J. Relationship between psychological factors and spinal motor behaviour in low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2021, 162:672-86. 10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002065","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4047","article-title":"Does occupational forward bending of the back increase long-term sickness absence risk? A 4-year prospective register-based study using device-measured compositional data analysis","volume":"48","author":"Gupta N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta N, Bjerregaard SS, Yang L, et al.. Does occupational forward bending of the back increase long-term sickness absence risk? A 4-year prospective register-based study using device-measured compositional data analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2022, 48:651-61. 10.5271\/sjweh.4047","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.185","article-title":"Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Julious SA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Julious SA. Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study. Pharm Stat. 2005, 4:287-91.","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215588241","article-title":"Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable","volume":"25","author":"Whitehead AL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Whitehead AL, Julious SA, Cooper CL, Campbell MJ. Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable. Stat Methods Med Res. 2016, 25:1057-73. 10.1177\/0962280215588241","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2022-0078","article-title":"Anticipatory postural adjustments mediate the changes in fear-related behaviors in individuals with chronic low back pain","volume":"23","author":"Nishi Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nishi Y, Osumi M, Morioka S. Anticipatory postural adjustments mediate the changes in fear-related behaviors in individuals with chronic low back pain. Scand J Pain. 2023, 23:580-7. 10.1515\/sjpain-2022-0078","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05118-x","article-title":"Task-specific fear influences abnormal trunk motor coordination in workers with chronic low back pain: a relative phase angle analysis of object-lifting","volume":"23","author":"Fujii R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fujii R, Imai R, Shigetoh H, Tanaka S, Morioka S. Task-specific fear influences abnormal trunk motor coordination in workers with chronic low back pain: a relative phase angle analysis of object-lifting. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022, 23:161. 10.1186\/s12891-022-05118-x","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11354\/jkpt.2.25","article-title":"Standing up","volume":"2","author":"Gotoh A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gotoh A, Takada T, Suehiro K. Standing up.  J Kansai Phys Ther. 2002, 2:25-40. 10.11354\/jkpt.2.25","journal-title":"J Kansai Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3916135","article-title":"The mediating effect of central sensitization on the relation between pain intensity and psychological factors: a cross-sectional study with mediation analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Shigetoh H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shigetoh H, Tanaka Y, Koga M, Osumi M, Morioka S. The mediating effect of central sensitization on the relation between pain intensity and psychological factors: a cross-sectional study with mediation analysis. Pain Res Manag. 2019, 2019:3916135. 10.1155\/2019\/3916135","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001112","article-title":"The effect of psychological factors on pain outcomes: lessons learned for the next generation of research","volume":"8","author":"Crombez G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crombez G, Veirman E, Van Ryckeghem D, Scott W, De Paepe A. The effect of psychological factors on pain outcomes: lessons learned for the next generation of research. Pain Rep. 2023, 8:e1112. 10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001112","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001025","article-title":"Task-specific fear rather than general kinesiophobia assessment is associated with kinematic differences in chronic low back pain during lumbar flexion: a preliminary investigation","volume":"7","author":"Imai R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Imai R, Imaoka M, Nakao H, Hida M, Fujii R, Shiba T, Nishigami T. Task-specific fear rather than general kinesiophobia assessment is associated with kinematic differences in chronic low back pain during lumbar flexion: a preliminary investigation. Pain Rep. 2022, 7:1025. 10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001025","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257231","article-title":"Kinematic analysis of movement impaired by generalization of fear of movement-related pain in workers with low back pain","volume":"16","author":"Fujii R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujii R, Imai R, Tanaka S, Morioka S. Kinematic analysis of movement impaired by generalization of fear of movement-related pain in workers with low back pain. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0257231. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0257231","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175025","article-title":"Task-specific perceived harmfulness predicts protective movement behaviour in chronic low back pain","volume":"13","author":"Matheve T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matheve T, Timmermans A, Danneels L, De Baets L. Task-specific perceived harmfulness predicts protective movement behaviour in chronic low back pain. J Clin Med. 2024, 13:5025. 10.3390\/jcm13175025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181719264","article-title":"The influence of pain-related fear on peak muscle activity and force generation during maximal isometric trunk exertions","volume":"33","author":"Thomas JS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomas JS, France CR, Sha D, Wiele NV. The influence of pain-related fear on peak muscle activity and force generation during maximal isometric trunk exertions. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008, 33:E342-8. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181719264","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199904150-00005","article-title":"New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life","volume":"24","author":"Wilke HJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilke HJ, Neef P, Caimi M, Hoogland T, Claes LE. New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999, 24:755-62. 10.1097\/00007632-199904150-00005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/432491-role-of-rate-of-force-development-in-mediating-the-relationship-between-task-specific-fear-and-chronic-low-back-pain-among-japanese-caregivers-a-pilot-cross-sectional-mediation-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:18:59Z","timestamp":1764937139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/432491-role-of-rate-of-force-development-in-mediating-the-relationship-between-task-specific-fear-and-chronic-low-back-pain-among-japanese-caregivers-a-pilot-cross-sectional-mediation-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.98512","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]}}}