{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T11:36:26Z","timestamp":1765625786066,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.99104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T11:32:44Z","timestamp":1765625564000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Cystic Lymph Nodes in Incidental Gallbladder Cancer: Implications for Routine Excision and the Sentinel Lymph Node Concept"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Efstathiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spiros","family":"Delis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanwhal","family":"Jeet Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay Kumar","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2019.85166","article-title":"Epidemiology of gallbladder cancer","volume":"5","author":"Rawla P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rawla P, Sunkara T, Thandra KC, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of gallbladder cancer. Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019, 5:93-102. 10.5114\/ceh.2019.85166","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S37357","article-title":"Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome","volume":"6","author":"Hundal R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hundal R, Shaffer EA. Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome. Clin Epidemiol. 2014, 6:99-109. 10.2147\/CLEP.S37357","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/cco.2019.07.01","article-title":"Evaluation and management of incidental gallbladder cancer","volume":"8","author":"Zaidi MY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaidi MY, Abou-Alfa GK, Ethun CG, et al.. Evaluation and management of incidental gallbladder cancer. Chin Clin Oncol. 2019, 8:37. 10.21037\/cco.2019.07.01","journal-title":"Chin Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106234","article-title":"Current management of incidental gallbladder cancer: a review","volume":"98","author":"Feo CF","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feo CF, Ginesu GC, Fancellu A, et al.. Current management of incidental gallbladder cancer: a review. Int J Surg. 2022, 98:106234. 10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106234","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.10.1333","article-title":"Practical guidelines for the surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer","volume":"29","author":"Lee SE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee SE, Kim KS, Kim WB, et al.. Practical guidelines for the surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer. J Korean Med Sci. 2014, 29:1333-40. 10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.10.1333","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.542005","article-title":"Lymph node ratio-based staging system for gallbladder cancer with fewer than six lymph nodes examined","volume":"10","author":"Li J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Sun Y, Zhao B, Tang C, Fan D, Jiang W, Rixiati Y. Lymph node ratio-based staging system for gallbladder cancer with fewer than six lymph nodes examined. Front Oncol. 2020, 10:542005. 10.3389\/fonc.2020.542005","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5243-y","article-title":"Prognostic implications of lymph node status for patients with gallbladder cancer: a multi-institutional study","volume":"23","author":"Amini N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amini N, Kim Y, Wilson A, et al.. Prognostic implications of lymph node status for patients with gallbladder cancer: a multi-institutional study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016, 23:3016-23. 10.1245\/s10434-016-5243-y","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1418314","article-title":"Incidental gallbladder cancer detected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: conversion to extensive resection is a feasible choice","volume":"11","author":"Zeng D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng D, Wang Y, Wen N, Lu J, Li B, Cheng N. Incidental gallbladder cancer detected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: conversion to extensive resection is a feasible choice. Front Surg. 2024, 11:1418314. 10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1418314","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2020.2054","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of incidental gallbladder carcinoma without additional resection: a single institution experiment","volume":"13","author":"Sugiyama T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sugiyama T, Makino K, Fukui Y, et al.. Long-term outcomes of incidental gallbladder carcinoma without additional resection: a single institution experiment. Mol Clin Oncol. 2020, 13:216-20. 10.3892\/mco.2020.2054","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.506","article-title":"Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Vogel A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vogel A, Bridgewater J, Edeline J, et al.. Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023, 34:127-40. 10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.506","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5637-x","article-title":"A novel pathology-based preoperative risk score to predict locoregional residual and distant disease and survival for incidental gallbladder cancer: a 10-Institution study from the U.S. extrahepatic biliary malignancy consortium","volume":"24","author":"Ethun CG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ethun CG, Postlewait LM, Le N, et al.. A novel pathology-based preoperative risk score to predict locoregional residual and distant disease and survival for incidental gallbladder cancer: a 10-Institution study from the U.S. extrahepatic biliary malignancy consortium. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017, 24:1343-50. 10.1245\/s10434-016-5637-x","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-017-3507-x","article-title":"Extended lymphadenectomy is required for incidental gallbladder cancer independent of cystic duct lymph node status","volume":"22","author":"Vega EA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vega EA, Vinuela E, Yamashita S, et al.. Extended lymphadenectomy is required for incidental gallbladder cancer independent of cystic duct lymph node status. J Gastrointest Surg. 2018, 22:43-51. 10.1007\/s11605-017-3507-x","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.870","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2019: the 3rd English edition","volume":"28","author":"Nagino M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagino M, Hirano S, Yoshitomi H, et al.. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2019: the 3rd English edition. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2021, 28:26-54. 10.1002\/jhbp.870","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2019.271","article-title":"Validation of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for gallbladder cancer and implications for the follow-up of patients without node dissection","volume":"52","author":"Sung YN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sung YN, Song M, Lee JH, et al.. Validation of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for gallbladder cancer and implications for the follow-up of patients without node dissection. Cancer Res Treat. 2020, 52:455-68. 10.4143\/crt.2019.271","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1134-3","article-title":"Incidental gallbladder cancer by the AFC-GBC-2009 Study Group","volume":"35","author":"Fuks D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fuks D, Regimbeau JM, Le Treut YP, et al.. Incidental gallbladder cancer by the AFC-GBC-2009 Study Group. World J Surg. 2011, 35:1887-97. 10.1007\/s00268-011-1134-3","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247079","article-title":"Applicability of sentinel lymph node oriented treatment strategy for gallbladder cancer","volume":"16","author":"Yasukawa K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yasukawa K, Shimizu A, Motoyama H, et al.. Applicability of sentinel lymph node oriented treatment strategy for gallbladder cancer. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0247079. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0247079","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Gray\u2019s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 41st Ed","author":"Standring S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Standring S. Gray\u2019s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 41st Ed. Elsevier, 2015."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.2759","article-title":"Inter-surgeon variability in cystic artery lymph node excision during laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"10","author":"Wysocki AP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wysocki AP, Murphy S, Baade I. Inter-surgeon variability in cystic artery lymph node excision during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cureus. 2018, 10:e2759. 10.7759\/cureus.2759","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Cystic lymph node: caution of safety in Calot\u2019s triangle dissection","volume":"25","author":"Channa MA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Channa MA, Khand FD, Shaikh AR, Memon AS. Cystic lymph node: caution of safety in Calot\u2019s triangle dissection. Mymensingh Med J. 2016, 25:722-5.","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i22.2775","article-title":"Regional lymphadenectomy for gallbladder cancer: rational extent, technical details, and patient outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Shirai Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shirai Y, Wakai T, Sakata J, Hatakeyama K. Regional lymphadenectomy for gallbladder cancer: rational extent, technical details, and patient outcomes. World J Gastroenterol. 2012, 18:2775-83. 10.3748\/wjg.v18.i22.2775","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed","author":"Amin MB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al.. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer, Cham; 2017."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420040034005","article-title":"Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma","volume":"127","author":"Morton DL","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al.. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg. 1992, 127:392-9. 10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420040034005","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.10.028","article-title":"Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer","volume":"188","author":"Kelley MC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kelley MC, Hansen N, McMasters KM. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2004, 188:49-61. 10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.10.028","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000728","article-title":"Tumor location is a strong predictor of tumor progression and survival in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicenter study","volume":"261","author":"Shindoh J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shindoh J, de Aretxabala X, Aloia TA, et al.. Tumor location is a strong predictor of tumor progression and survival in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicenter study. Ann Surg. 2015, 261:733-9. 10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000728","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02065.x","article-title":"Radio-guided sentinel node detection for gastric cancer","volume":"89","author":"Kitagawa Y","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kitagawa Y, Fujii H, Mukai M, Kubota T, Otani Y, Kitajima M. Radio-guided sentinel node detection for gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2002, 89:604-8. 10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02065.x","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248531","article-title":"Intraoperative laparoscopic detection of sentinel lymph nodes with indocyanine green and superparamagnetic iron oxide in a swine gallbladder cancer model","volume":"16","author":"Mihara K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mihara K, Matsuda S, Nakamura Y, et al.. Intraoperative laparoscopic detection of sentinel lymph nodes with indocyanine green and superparamagnetic iron oxide in a swine gallbladder cancer model. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0248531. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0248531","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15625-x","article-title":"Laparoscopic indocyanine green-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy for gallbladder neoplasms","volume":"31","author":"Bra\u00f1es A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bra\u00f1es A, Acher A, Karanicolas P. Laparoscopic indocyanine green-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy for gallbladder neoplasms. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024, 31:6566. 10.1245\/s10434-024-15625-x","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0309-6","article-title":"Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma: implications for re-resection","volume":"11","author":"Pawlik TM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Vigano L, et al.. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma: implications for re-resection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007, 11:1478-86. 10.1007\/s11605-007-0309-6","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i30.4019","article-title":"Incidental gallbladder cancer during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: managing an unexpected finding","volume":"18","author":"Cavallaro A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cavallaro A, Piccolo G, Panebianco V, et al.. Incidental gallbladder cancer during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: managing an unexpected finding. World J Gastroenterol. 2012, 18:4019-27. 10.3748\/wjg.v18.i30.4019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v11.i2.62","article-title":"Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy: adoption of universal culture of safety in cholecystectomy","volume":"11","author":"Gupta V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta V, Jain G. Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy: adoption of universal culture of safety in cholecystectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2019, 11:62-84. 10.4240\/wjgs.v11.i2.62","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109264203769681718","article-title":"Significance of the cystic node in preventing major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a technical marker","volume":"13","author":"Kunasani R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kunasani R, Kohli H. Significance of the cystic node in preventing major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a technical marker. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2003, 13:321-3. 10.1089\/109264203769681718","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2019.03.372","article-title":"Staging gallbladder cancer with lymphadenectomy: the practical application of new AHPBA and AJCC guidelines","volume":"21","author":"Leigh NL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leigh NL, Solomon D, Feingold D, et al.. Staging gallbladder cancer with lymphadenectomy: the practical application of new AHPBA and AJCC guidelines. HPB (Oxford). 2019, 21:1563-9. 10.1016\/j.hpb.2019.03.372","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3895-x","article-title":"Clinical applications of indocyanine green (ICG) enhanced fluorescence in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"29","author":"Boni L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boni L, David G, Mangano A, et al.. Clinical applications of indocyanine green (ICG) enhanced fluorescence in laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 2015, 29:2046-55. 10.1007\/s00464-014-3895-x","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121905","article-title":"Sentinel node mapping guided by indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: a new method for sentinel node navigation surgery in gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Kusano M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kusano M, Tajima Y, Yamazaki K, Kato M, Watanabe M, Miwa M. Sentinel node mapping guided by indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: a new method for sentinel node navigation surgery in gastrointestinal cancer. Dig Surg. 2008, 25:103-8. 10.1159\/000121905","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30915-X","article-title":"Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study","volume":"20","author":"Primrose JN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, et al.. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019, 20:663-73. 10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30915-X","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2219","article-title":"SWOG S0809: a phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Ben-Josef E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, et al.. SWOG S0809: a phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015, 33:2617-22. 10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2219","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. hepatobiliary cancers. Version 1.2025. (2025). Accessed: November 3, 2025: https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/guidelines\/category_1."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/371568-role-of-cystic-lymph-nodes-in-incidental-gallbladder-cancer-implications-for-routine-excision-and-the-sentinel-lymph-node-concept","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T11:32:45Z","timestamp":1765625565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/371568-role-of-cystic-lymph-nodes-in-incidental-gallbladder-cancer-implications-for-routine-excision-and-the-sentinel-lymph-node-concept"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.99104","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]}}}