{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:36:12Z","timestamp":1766050572906,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.99519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:30:24Z","timestamp":1766050224000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water Conservation in Orthopaedic Surgical Scrubbing: A Comparative Analysis of Water Consumption in Standard and Modified Surgical Scrubbing Techniques"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Aaisha","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yash","family":"Dinesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamen S","family":"Dosanjh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sohail","family":"Muzammil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Imami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohma","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Messwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.55733","article-title":"Surgical hand scrub: lots of water wasted","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ahmed A. Surgical hand scrub: lots of water wasted. Ann Afr Med. 2007, 6:31-3. 10.4103\/1596-3519.55733","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.06.020","article-title":"Surgical hand preparation: state-of-the-art","volume":"74","author":"Widmer AF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Widmer AF, Rotter M, Voss A, Nthumba P, Allegranzi B, Boyce J, Pittet D. Surgical hand preparation: state-of-the-art. J Hosp Infect. 2010, 74:112-22. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.06.020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(01)90004-0","article-title":"Arguments for alcoholic hand disinfection","volume":"48","author":"Rotter ML","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rotter ML. Arguments for alcoholic hand disinfection. J Hosp Infect. 2001, 48:4-8. 10.1016\/S0195-6701(01)90004-0","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm1807798","article-title":"Water-based and waterless surgical scrub techniques","volume":"389","author":"Khadaroo RG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khadaroo RG, Pilieci SN. Water-based and waterless surgical scrub techniques. N Engl J Med. 2023, 389:e19. 10.1056\/NEJMvcm1807798","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2009."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/njsr.v5i3.12257","article-title":"An audit of emergency anaesthesia and surgery","volume":"5","author":"Eguma SA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eguma SA, Kalba DU. An audit of emergency anaesthesia and surgery. Niger J Surg Res. 2003, 5:140-7. 10.4314\/njsr.v5i3.12257","journal-title":"Niger J Surg Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1584.2009.01074.x","article-title":"Water conservation in surgery: a comparison of two surgical scrub techniques demonstrating the amount of water saved using a 'taps on\/taps off' technique","volume":"17","author":"Petterwood J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petterwood J, Shridhar V. Water conservation in surgery: a comparison of two surgical scrub techniques demonstrating the amount of water saved using a 'taps on\/taps off' technique. Aust J Rural Health. 2009, 17:214-17. 10.1111\/j.1440-1584.2009.01074.x","journal-title":"Aust J Rural Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.06.004","article-title":"Surgical scrubbing: can we clean up our carbon footprints by washing our hands?","volume":"70","author":"Somner JE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Somner JE, Stone N, Koukkoulli A, Scott KM, Field AR, Zygmunt J. Surgical scrubbing: can we clean up our carbon footprints by washing our hands?. J Hosp Infect. 2008, 70:212-15. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.06.004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.04.003","article-title":"Surgical hand antisepsis: environmental and cost impact in hand surgery","volume":"49","author":"Mastracci JC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mastracci JC, Bonvillain KW 2nd, Gaston RG. Surgical hand antisepsis: environmental and cost impact in hand surgery. J Hand Surg Am. 2024, 49:923-6. 10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.04.003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.38331","article-title":"Sustainable hand surgery: incorporating water efficiency into clinical practice","volume":"15","author":"Gasson S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gasson S, Solari F, Jesudason EP. Sustainable hand surgery: incorporating water efficiency into clinical practice. Cureus. 2023, 15:e38331. 10.7759\/cureus.38331","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-21-01254","article-title":"Environmental sustainability in orthopaedic surgery","volume":"30","author":"Engler ID","year":"2022","unstructured":"Engler ID, Curley AJ, Fu FH, Bilec MM. Environmental sustainability in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022, 30:504-11. 10.5435\/JAAOS-D-21-01254","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.22.00548","article-title":"The environmental impact of orthopaedic surgery","volume":"105","author":"Saleh JR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saleh JR, Mitchell A, Kha ST, et al.. The environmental impact of orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023, 105:74-82. 10.2106\/JBJS.22.00548","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"The green operating room: simple changes to reduce cost and our carbon footprint","volume":"79","author":"Wormer BA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wormer BA, Augenstein VA, Carpenter CL, et al.. The green operating room: simple changes to reduce cost and our carbon footprint. Am Surg. 2013, 79:666-71.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Delivering a net zero NHS. Accessed. November 20, 2025: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/greenernhs\/a-net-zero-nhs\/."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/443900-water-conservation-in-orthopaedic-surgical-scrubbing-a-comparative-analysis-of-water-consumption-in-standard-and-modified-surgical-scrubbing-techniques","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:30:29Z","timestamp":1766050229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/443900-water-conservation-in-orthopaedic-surgical-scrubbing-a-comparative-analysis-of-water-consumption-in-standard-and-modified-surgical-scrubbing-techniques"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.99519","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]}}}