{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:17:58Z","timestamp":1791908278049,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.99670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T05:24:41Z","timestamp":1766208281000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Budhwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bikas","family":"Goswani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somiddho","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.80","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Brunt EM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brunt EM, Wong VW, Nobili V, et al.. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015, 1:15080. 10.1038\/nrdp.2015.80","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/97816810846571170101","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","author":"\u00c1bel T","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00c1bel T, Lengyel G. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). \u00c1bel T, Lengyel G (ed): Bentham Science Publishers, Budapest, Hungary; 2017. 10.2174\/97816810846571170101"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.41","article-title":"Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Anstee QM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anstee QM, Targher G, Day CP. Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013, 10:330-44. 10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.41","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0572-9","article-title":"A vicious circle between insulin resistance and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Chen Z","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Z, Yu R, Xiong Y, Du F, Zhu S. A vicious circle between insulin resistance and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2017, 16:203. 10.1186\/s12944-017-0572-9","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2931985","article-title":"The burden of NAFLD and its characteristics in a nationwide population with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2016","author":"Forlani G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forlani G, Giorda C, Manti R, et al.. The burden of NAFLD and its characteristics in a nationwide population with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2016, 2016:2931985. 10.1155\/2016\/2931985","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"64","author":"Younossi ZM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Blissett D, Blissett R, et al.. The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe. Hepatology. 2016, 64:1577-86. 10.1002\/hep.28785","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buzzetti E, Pinzani M, Tsochatzis EA. The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabolism. 2016, 65:1038-48. 10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i27.2974","article-title":"Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescence: From \"two hit theory\" to \"multiple hit model\"","volume":"24","author":"Fang YL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang YL, Chen H, Wang CL, Liang L. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescence: From \"two hit theory\" to \"multiple hit model\". World J Gastroenterol. 2018, 24:2974-83. 10.3748\/wjg.v24.i27.2974","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH","author":"Maher JJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maher JJ. Pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Chalasani N, Szabo G (ed): Springer, Cham; 2016. pp 71-101."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-S003","article-title":"Standards of medical care in diabetes-2017","volume":"40","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2017","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2017. Diabetes Care. 2017, 40:S4-S5. 10.2337\/dc17-S003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.11.039","article-title":"Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in urban south Indians in relation to different grades of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Mohan V","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mohan V, Farooq S, Deepa M, Ravikumar R, Pitchumoni CS. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in urban south Indians in relation to different grades of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009, 84:84-91. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.11.039","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23567","article-title":"Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Das K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Das K, Das K, Mukherjee PS, et al.. Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease. Hepatology. 2010, 51:1593-602. 10.1002\/hep.23567","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263768","article-title":"Rural-urban differentials in prevalence, spectrum and determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in North Indian population","volume":"17","author":"Asadullah M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asadullah M, Shivashankar R, Shalimar, et al.. Rural-urban differentials in prevalence, spectrum and determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in North Indian population. PLoS One. 2022, 17:e0263768. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0263768","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31922-2","article-title":"Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Population based study","volume":"1","author":"Amarapurkar D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amarapurkar D, Kamani P, Patel N, et al.. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Population based study. Ann Hepatol. 2007, 1:161-3. 10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31922-2","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011128","article-title":"The interplay between insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, base excision repair and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Ziolkowska S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziolkowska S, Binienda A, Jab\u0142kowski M, Szemraj J, Czarny P. The interplay between insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, base excision repair and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:11128. 10.3390\/ijms222011128","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31806","article-title":"Glycemic control predicts severity of hepatocyte ballooning and hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"74","author":"Alexopoulos AS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexopoulos AS, Crowley MJ, Wang Y, et al.. Glycemic control predicts severity of hepatocyte ballooning and hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2021, 74:1220-33. 10.1002\/hep.31806","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01134-z","article-title":"Association of glycated hemoglobin with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis measured by transient elastography in adults without diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Xie Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie Y, Kong W, Wang X, Wu Z. Association of glycated hemoglobin with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis measured by transient elastography in adults without diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022, 22:220. 10.1186\/s12902-022-01134-z","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1370","article-title":"Gender differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Nagral A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagral A, Bangar M, Menezes S, et al.. Gender differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2022, 12:S19-25. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1370","journal-title":"Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0311-8","article-title":"Prevalence, gender, ethnic variations, and prognosis of NASH","volume":"46","author":"Hashimoto E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hashimoto E, Tokushige K. Prevalence, gender, ethnic variations, and prognosis of NASH. J Gastroenterol. 2011, 46 :63-9. 10.1007\/s00535-010-0311-8","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1302322","article-title":"Gender perspective on the association between liver enzyme markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Insights from the general population","volume":"14","author":"Qiu J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu J, Kuang M, He S, et al.. Gender perspective on the association between liver enzyme markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Insights from the general population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023, 14:1302322. 10.3389\/fendo.2023.1302322","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22350","article-title":"Visceral fat: A key mediator of steatohepatitis in metabolic liver disease","volume":"48","author":"van der Poorten D","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Poorten D, Milner KL, Hui J, et al.. Visceral fat: A key mediator of steatohepatitis in metabolic liver disease. Hepatology. 2008, 48:449-57. 10.1002\/hep.22350","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7361","article-title":"Visceral adiposity and hepatic steatosis at abdominal CT: Association with the metabolic syndrome","volume":"198","author":"Pickhardt PJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pickhardt PJ, Jee Y, O'Connor SD, del Rio AM. Visceral adiposity and hepatic steatosis at abdominal CT: Association with the metabolic syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012, 198:1100-7. 10.2214\/AJR.11.7361","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.930","article-title":"NAFLD in lean Asians","volume":"16","author":"Eslam M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eslam M, Chen F, George J. NAFLD in lean Asians. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020, 16:240-3. 10.1002\/cld.930","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1457598","article-title":"Elevated ALT\/AST ratio as a marker for NAFLD risk and severity: Insights from a cross-sectional analysis in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Xuan Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xuan Y, Wu D, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Yu J, Zhou D. Elevated ALT\/AST ratio as a marker for NAFLD risk and severity: Insights from a cross-sectional analysis in the United States. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024, 15:1457598. 10.3389\/fendo.2024.1457598","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153311","article-title":"A model incorporating serum alkaline phosphatase for prediction of liver fibrosis in adults with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Ali AH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali AH, Petroski GF, Diaz-Arias AA, et al.. A model incorporating serum alkaline phosphatase for prediction of liver fibrosis in adults with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:3311. 10.3390\/jcm10153311","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1239","article-title":"Clinical model for NASH and advanced fibrosis in adult patients with diabetes and NAFLD: Guidelines for referral in NAFLD","volume":"38","author":"Bazick J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bazick J, Donithan M, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, et al.. Clinical model for NASH and advanced fibrosis in adult patients with diabetes and NAFLD: Guidelines for referral in NAFLD. Diabetes Care. 2015, 38:1347-55. 10.2337\/dc14-1239","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200608000-00015","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease presenting with an isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase","volume":"40","author":"Pantsari MW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pantsari MW, Harrison SA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease presenting with an isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006, 40:633-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/405155-prevalence-of-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease-among-overweight-and-obese-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T05:24:42Z","timestamp":1766208282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/405155-prevalence-of-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease-among-overweight-and-obese-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.99670","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}}}