{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T03:21:27Z","timestamp":1766287287068,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.99736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T03:19:02Z","timestamp":1766287142000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on the Development of Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mustafa A","family":"Alhammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayat M","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nouf W","family":"Alnafea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kady  S","family":"Althunayyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walaa  S","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manar M","family":"Almohamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223038","article-title":"Parenting and personality disorder: an overview and meta-synthesis of systematic reviews","volume":"14","author":"Steele KR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steele KR, Townsend ML, Grenyer BF. Parenting and personality disorder: an overview and meta-synthesis of systematic reviews. PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0223038. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0223038","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"WHO launches new manual to support delivery of psychological interventions. (2024). Accessed. March 14, 2025: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/11-03-2024-who-launches-new-manual-to-support-delivery-of-psychological-interventions?utm_."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.0589","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder: a review","volume":"329","author":"Leichsenring F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leichsenring F, Heim N, Leweke F, Spitzer C, Steinert C, Kernberg OF. Borderline personality disorder: a review. JAMA. 2023, 329:670-9. 10.1001\/jama.2023.0589","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/mplarrivee","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: the he-who-must-not-be-named of psychiatry","volume":"15","author":"Larriv\u00e9e MP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larriv\u00e9e MP. Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: the he-who-must-not-be-named of psychiatry. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013, 15:171-9. 10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/mplarrivee","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-020-00137-y","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder and peers: a scoping review of friendship, victimization and aggression studies","volume":"6","author":"Runions KC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Runions KC, Wong J, Pace G, Salmin I. Borderline personality disorder and peers: a scoping review of friendship, victimization and aggression studies. Adolescent Res Rev. 2021, 6:359-89. 10.1007\/s40894-020-00137-y","journal-title":"Adolescent Res Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413001041","article-title":"Reciprocal effects of parenting and borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girls","volume":"26","author":"Stepp SD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stepp SD, Whalen DJ, Scott LN, Zalewski M, Loeber R, Hipwell AE. Reciprocal effects of parenting and borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girls. Dev Psychopathol. 2014, 26:361-78. 10.1017\/S0954579413001041","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"The neurobiological basis of adolescent-onset borderline personality disorder","volume":"22","author":"Goodman M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goodman M, Mascitelli K, Triebwasser J. The neurobiological basis of adolescent-onset borderline personality disorder. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013, 22:212-9.","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13118","article-title":"Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Porter C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Porter C, Palmier-Claus J, Branitsky A, Mansell W, Warwick H, Varese F. Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020, 141:6-20. 10.1111\/acps.13118","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2023.37.1.16","article-title":"A systematic review of the association between early childhood trauma and borderline personality disorder","volume":"37","author":"Yuan Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Lee H, Eack SM, Newhill CE. A systematic review of the association between early childhood trauma and borderline personality disorder. J Pers Disord. 2023, 37:16-35. 10.1521\/pedi.2023.37.1.16","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19333-9","article-title":"Public health education using social learning theory: a systematic scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Liu T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu T, Pang PC, Lam CK. Public health education using social learning theory: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2024, 24:1906. 10.1186\/s12889-024-19333-9","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Social Learning Theory","author":"Bandura A","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bandura A. Social Learning Theory. General Learning Press, New York; 1971."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.9474","article-title":"From child abuse to developing borderline personality disorder into adulthood: exploring the neuromorphological and epigenetic pathway","volume":"12","author":"Mainali P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mainali P, Rai T, Rutkofsky IH. From child abuse to developing borderline personality disorder into adulthood: exploring the neuromorphological and epigenetic pathway. Cureus. 2020, 12:e9474. 10.7759\/cureus.9474","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1475","article-title":"Parameters of reported childhood sexual abuse and assault in adolescents and adults with borderline personality disorder","volume":"14","author":"Temes CM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Temes CM, Magni LR, Aguirre BA, Goodman M, Ridolfi ME, Zanarini MC. Parameters of reported childhood sexual abuse and assault in adolescents and adults with borderline personality disorder. Personal Ment Health. 2020, 14:254-62. 10.1002\/pmh.1475","journal-title":"Personal Ment Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.1.71","article-title":"Biological implications of childhood sexual abuse in borderline personality disorder","volume":"11","author":"Figueroa E","year":"1997","unstructured":"Figueroa E, Silk KR. Biological implications of childhood sexual abuse in borderline personality disorder. J Pers Disord. 1997, 11:71-92. 10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.1.71","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.01.043","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder and sexual abuse: a systematic review","volume":"262","author":"de Aquino Ferreira LF","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Aquino Ferreira LF, Queiroz Pereira FH, Neri Benevides AM, Aguiar Melo MC. Borderline personality disorder and sexual abuse: a systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2018, 262:70-7. 10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.01.043","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605231225524","article-title":"Child and adolescent exposure to sexual harassment: relationship to gender, contact sexual abuse, and adult psychological symptoms","volume":"39","author":"Briere J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Briere J, Runtz M, Rodd K. Child and adolescent exposure to sexual harassment: relationship to gender, contact sexual abuse, and adult psychological symptoms. J Interpers Violence. 2024, 39:2981-96. 10.1177\/08862605231225524","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_512_18","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and early trauma in borderline personality disorder: an exploratory study","volume":"42","author":"Alafia J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alafia J, Manjula M. Emotion dysregulation and early trauma in borderline personality disorder: an exploratory study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020, 42:290-8. 10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_512_18","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.721361","article-title":"The role of trauma in early onset borderline personality disorder: a biopsychosocial perspective","volume":"12","author":"Bozzatello P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Baldassarri L, Bosia M, Bellino S. The role of trauma in early onset borderline personality disorder: a biopsychosocial perspective. Front Psychiatry. 2021, 12:721361. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.721361","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03332-w","article-title":"Childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder features in Chinese undergraduates: the role of self-esteem and resilience","volume":"21","author":"Xie GD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie GD, Chang JJ, Yuan MY, Wang GF, He Y, Chen SS, Su PY. Childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder features in Chinese undergraduates: the role of self-esteem and resilience. BMC Psychiatry. 2021, 21:326. 10.1186\/s12888-021-03332-w","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018789154","article-title":"A systematic review of the outcome of child abuse in long-term care","volume":"21","author":"Carr A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carr A, Duff H, Craddock F. A systematic review of the outcome of child abuse in long-term care. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2020, 21:660-77. 10.1177\/1524838018789154","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2015_29_186","article-title":"The specific role of childhood abuse, parental bonding, and family functioning in female adolescents with borderline personality disorder","volume":"30","author":"Infurna MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Infurna MR, Brunner R, Holz B, et al.. The specific role of childhood abuse, parental bonding, and family functioning in female adolescents with borderline personality disorder. J Pers Disord. 2016, 30:177-92. 10.1521\/pedi_2015_29_186","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Outcomes in women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in adolescence","volume":"20","author":"Biskin RS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biskin RS, Paris J, Renaud J, Raz A, Zelkowitz P. Outcomes in women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in adolescence. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011, 20:168-74.","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.10.023","article-title":"Borderline personality features and emotion regulation deficits are associated with child physical abuse potential","volume":"52","author":"Hiraoka R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hiraoka R, Crouch JL, Reo G, Wagner MF, Milner JS, Skowronski JJ. Borderline personality features and emotion regulation deficits are associated with child physical abuse potential. Child Abuse Negl. 2016, 52:177-84. 10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.10.023","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104181","article-title":"The impact of childhood trauma on borderline personality organization in a community sample of Greek emerging adults","volume":"244","author":"Malafanti A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malafanti A, Yotsidi V, Sideridis G, Giannouli E, Galanaki EP, Malogiannis I. The impact of childhood trauma on borderline personality organization in a community sample of Greek emerging adults. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024, 244:104181. 10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104181","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414000406","article-title":"Borderline personality features in childhood: the role of subtype, developmental timing, and chronicity of child maltreatment","volume":"26","author":"Hecht KF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hecht KF, Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA, Crick NR. Borderline personality features in childhood: the role of subtype, developmental timing, and chronicity of child maltreatment. Dev Psychopathol. 2014, 26:805-15. 10.1017\/S0954579414000406","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014566718","article-title":"Effects of parenting programs on child maltreatment prevention: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Chen M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen M, Chan KL. Effects of parenting programs on child maltreatment prevention: a meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2016, 17:88-104. 10.1177\/1524838014566718","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61708-0","article-title":"Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment","volume":"373","author":"Macmillan HL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Macmillan HL, Wathen CN, Barlow J, Fergusson DM, Leventhal JM, Taussig HN. Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment. Lancet. 2009, 373:250-66. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61708-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05829-6","article-title":"The impact of childhood trauma on adolescent depressive symptoms: the chain mediating role of borderline personality traits and self-control","volume":"24","author":"Zhong Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Hu Q, Chen J, et al.. The impact of childhood trauma on adolescent depressive symptoms: the chain mediating role of borderline personality traits and self-control. BMC Psychiatry. 2024, 24:377. 10.1186\/s12888-024-05829-6","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119618","article-title":"The relationship between adverse childhood experiences, emotion dysregulation and personality disorder traits: a systematic review and mediation analysis","volume":"389","author":"Thornton A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thornton A, Gardner KJ, Graham-Kevan N, et al.. The relationship between adverse childhood experiences, emotion dysregulation and personality disorder traits: a systematic review and mediation analysis. J Affect Disord. 2025, 389:119618. 10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119618","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-023-00241-0","article-title":"The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder: the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation among Lebanese adults","volume":"10","author":"Kanj G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kanj G, Hallit S, Obeid S. The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder: the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation among Lebanese adults. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2023, 10:34. 10.1186\/s40479-023-00241-0","journal-title":"Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12216","article-title":"The link between rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Foxhall M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Foxhall M, Hamilton-Giachritsis C, Button K. The link between rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Psychol. 2019, 58:289-326. 10.1111\/bjc.12216","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-022-00206-9","article-title":"On the interplay of borderline personality features, childhood trauma severity, attachment types, and social support","volume":"9","author":"Schulze A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schulze A, Cloos L, Zdravkovic M, Lis S, Krause-Utz A. On the interplay of borderline personality features, childhood trauma severity, attachment types, and social support. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2022, 9:35. 10.1186\/s40479-022-00206-9","journal-title":"Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.10114","article-title":"Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 140 pp., $25.00","volume":"40","author":"Gredler GR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gredler GR. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 140 pp., $25.00. Psychol Schs. 2003, 40:699-700. 10.1002\/pits.10114","journal-title":"Psychol Schs"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000080","article-title":"Facial emotional expression in reaction to social exclusion in borderline personality disorder","volume":"41","author":"Staebler K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Staebler K, Renneberg B, Stopsack M, Fiedler P, Weiler M, Roepke S. Facial emotional expression in reaction to social exclusion in borderline personality disorder. Psychol Med. 2011, 41:1929-38. 10.1017\/S0033291711000080","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.02.002","article-title":"Being bullied in childhood: correlations with borderline personality in adulthood","volume":"51","author":"Sansone RA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sansone RA, Lam C, Wiederman MW. Being bullied in childhood: correlations with borderline personality in adulthood. Compr Psychiatry. 2010, 51:458-61. 10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.02.002","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42380-022-00122-0","article-title":"The cumulative effects of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence on borderline personality disorder symptoms in emerging adulthood","volume":"5","author":"Erazo MB","year":"2023","unstructured":"Erazo MB, Krygsman AL, Vaillancourt T. The cumulative effects of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence on borderline personality disorder symptoms in emerging adulthood. Int J Bullying Prev. 2023, 5:121-34.","journal-title":"Int J Bullying Prev"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000522343","article-title":"Bullying perpetration and victimization as social mechanisms in the development of borderline personality traits during adolescence: a longitudinal study","volume":"56","author":"Franssens R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Franssens R, Giletta M, Vanwoerden S, De Clercq B. Bullying perpetration and victimization as social mechanisms in the development of borderline personality traits during adolescence: a longitudinal study. Psychopathology. 2023, 56:102-8. 10.1159\/000522343","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2009.23.5.433","article-title":"A prospective investigation of borderline personality disorder in abused and neglected children followed up into adulthood","volume":"23","author":"Widom CS","year":"2009","unstructured":"Widom CS, Czaja SJ, Paris J. A prospective investigation of borderline personality disorder in abused and neglected children followed up into adulthood. J Pers Disord. 2009, 23:433-46. 10.1521\/pedi.2009.23.5.433","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0145-2134(02)00341-1","article-title":"Child neglect: developmental issues and outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Hildyard KL","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hildyard KL, Wolfe DA. Child neglect: developmental issues and outcomes. Child Abuse Negl. 2002, 26:679-95. 10.1016\/s0145-2134(02)00341-1","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2640","article-title":"Attachment anxiety as mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and personality dysfunction in borderline personality disorder","volume":"29","author":"Erkoreka L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Erkoreka L, Zamalloa I, Rodriguez S, et al.. Attachment anxiety as mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and personality dysfunction in borderline personality disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022, 29:501-11. 10.1002\/cpp.2640","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Impacts of parental neglect on personality development and behavioral modifications of children","volume":"4","author":"Sattar T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sattar T, Rizwan M, Shabbir SW. Impacts of parental neglect on personality development and behavioral modifications of children. Eur J Bus Manag. 2012, 4:34-48.","journal-title":"Eur J Bus Manag"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610388816","article-title":"Personality neglect: the unforeseen impact of personal dispositions on emotional life","volume":"21","author":"Quoidbach J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quoidbach J, Dunn EW. Personality neglect: the unforeseen impact of personal dispositions on emotional life. Psychol Sci. 2010, 21:1783-6. 10.1177\/0956797610388816","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2019_33_381","article-title":"An emotional neglect-personality disorder approach: quantifying a dimensional transdiagnostic model of trauma-related and personality disorders","volume":"34","author":"Wildschut M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wildschut M, Swart S, Langeland W, Smit JH, Draijer N. An emotional neglect-personality disorder approach: quantifying a dimensional transdiagnostic model of trauma-related and personality disorders. J Pers Disord. 2020, 34:250-61. 10.1521\/pedi_2019_33_381","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.15.2.123.19216","article-title":"The contribution of temperament, childhood neglect, and abuse to the development of personality dysfunction: a comparison of three models","volume":"15","author":"Carter JD","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carter JD, Joyce PR, Mulder RT, Luty SE. The contribution of temperament, childhood neglect, and abuse to the development of personality dysfunction: a comparison of three models. J Pers Disord. 2001, 15:123-35. 10.1521\/pedi.15.2.123.19216","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000316","article-title":"Difficulties regulating emotions mediates the associations of parental psychological control and emotion invalidation with borderline personality features","volume":"10","author":"Hope NH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hope NH, Chapman AL. Difficulties regulating emotions mediates the associations of parental psychological control and emotion invalidation with borderline personality features. Personal Disord. 2019, 10:267-74. 10.1037\/per0000316","journal-title":"Personal Disord"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2013.863262","article-title":"The impact of self-reported childhood trauma on emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder and major depression","volume":"15","author":"Carvalho Fernando S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carvalho Fernando S, Beblo T, Schlosser N, et al.. The impact of self-reported childhood trauma on emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder and major depression. J Trauma Dissociation. 2014, 15:384-401. 10.1080\/15299732.2013.863262","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00527-1","article-title":"Personality functioning and the pathogenic effect of childhood maltreatment in a high-risk sample","volume":"16","author":"d'Huart D","year":"2022","unstructured":"d'Huart D, Hutsebaut J, Seker S, Schmid M, Schmeck K, B\u00fcrgin D, Boonmann C. Personality functioning and the pathogenic effect of childhood maltreatment in a high-risk sample. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2022, 16:95. 10.1186\/s13034-022-00527-1","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-021-00175-5","article-title":"To thine own self be true: interoceptive accuracy and interpersonal problems","volume":"9","author":"D'Andrea W","year":"2022","unstructured":"D'Andrea W, Nieves N, Van Cleave T. To thine own self be true: interoceptive accuracy and interpersonal problems. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2022, 9:6. 10.1186\/s40479-021-00175-5","journal-title":"Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"The impact of childhood neglect in development of borderline personality disorder traits in young adults","volume":"3","author":"Nagpal R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagpal R, Mitra RK. The impact of childhood neglect in development of borderline personality disorder traits in young adults. IJIAP. 2025, 3:1581-5.","journal-title":"IJIAP"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-024-01779-y","article-title":"The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment","volume":"275","author":"Tomoda A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tomoda A, Nishitani S, Takiguchi S, Fujisawa TX, Sugiyama T, Teicher MH. The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025, 275:1939-58. 10.1007\/s00406-024-01779-y","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90066-3","article-title":"The effect of child physical abuse and neglect on aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behavior","volume":"18","author":"Prino CT","year":"1994","unstructured":"Prino CT, Peyrot M. The effect of child physical abuse and neglect on aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behavior. Child Abuse Negl. 1994, 18:871-84. 10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90066-3","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.04.016","article-title":"Comorbidity of borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in the U.S. population","volume":"44","author":"Pagura J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pagura J, Stein MB, Bolton JM, Cox BJ, Grant B, Sareen J. Comorbidity of borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in the U.S. population. J Psychiatr Res. 2010, 44:1190-8. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.04.016","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: a qualitative study of patients' perceptions","volume":"2018","author":"Tan YM","unstructured":"Tan YM, Lee CW, Averbeck LE, et al.. Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: a qualitative study of patients' perceptions. PLoS One. 2018:0206039-2018.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595221103420","article-title":"The association between child maltreatment and loneliness across the lifespan: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"de Heer C","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Heer C, Bi S, Finkenauer C, Alink L, Maes M. The association between child maltreatment and loneliness across the lifespan: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. Child Maltreat. 2024, 29:388-404. 10.1177\/10775595221103420","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2008.22.3.221","article-title":"Mediators of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder","volume":"22","author":"Soloff PH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soloff PH, Feske U, Fabio A. Mediators of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder. J Pers Disord. 2008, 22:221-32. 10.1521\/pedi.2008.22.3.221","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S198804","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder, trauma, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"15","author":"Thomas N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomas N, Gurvich C, Kulkarni J. Borderline personality disorder, trauma, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019, 15:2601-12. 10.2147\/NDT.S198804","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0335-2","article-title":"Components of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: a review","volume":"15","author":"Carpenter RW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carpenter RW, Trull TJ. Components of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013, 15:335. 10.1007\/s11920-012-0335-2","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-021-00164-8","article-title":"Understanding chronic feelings of emptiness in borderline personality disorder: a qualitative study","volume":"8","author":"Miller CE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller CE, Townsend ML, Grenyer BF. Understanding chronic feelings of emptiness in borderline personality disorder: a qualitative study. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2021, 8:24. 10.1186\/s40479-021-00164-8","journal-title":"Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-022-01368-7","article-title":"Loneliness in personality disorders","volume":"24","author":"Reinhard MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reinhard MA, Nenov-Matt T, Padberg F. Loneliness in personality disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022, 24:603-12. 10.1007\/s11920-022-01368-7","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/348004-the-impact-of-childhood-maltreatment-on-the-development-of-borderline-personality-disorder-in-adolescents-a-narrative-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T03:19:08Z","timestamp":1766287148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/348004-the-impact-of-childhood-maltreatment-on-the-development-of-borderline-personality-disorder-in-adolescents-a-narrative-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.99736","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]}}}