{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:29:20Z","timestamp":1717201760509},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T16:24:31Z","timestamp":1717172671000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Cardiometabolic Profile in Turner Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Pais-Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Laura","family":"Leite-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Pereira Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Santos Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cintia","family":"Castro-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.63181","article-title":"Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of Turner syndrome in the United States, 2000-2017: a report from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network","volume":"191","author":"Martin-Giacalone BA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin-Giacalone BA, Lin AE, Rasmussen SA, et al.. Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of Turner syndrome in the United States, 2000-2017: a report from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network. Am J Med Genet A. 2023, 191:1339-49. 10.1002\/ajmg.a.63181","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2019.08.011","article-title":"Turner syndrome with Y chromosome: spontaneous thelarche, menarche, and risk of malignancy","volume":"33","author":"Dabrowski E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dabrowski E, Johnson EK, Patel V, et al.. Turner syndrome with Y chromosome: spontaneous thelarche, menarche, and risk of malignancy. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020, 33:10-4. 10.1016\/j.jpag.2019.08.011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107390","article-title":"Delayed diagnoses of Turner's syndrome: proposed guidelines for change","volume":"137","author":"S\u00e4vendahl L","year":"2000","unstructured":"S\u00e4vendahl L, Davenport ML. Delayed diagnoses of Turner's syndrome: proposed guidelines for change. J Pediatr. 2000, 137:455-9. 10.1067\/mpd.2000.107390","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0558","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, diagnostic delay, and mortality in Turner syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Stochholm K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stochholm K, Juul S, Juel K, Naeraa RW, Gravholt CH. Prevalence, incidence, diagnostic delay, and mortality in Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91:3897-902. 10.1210\/jc.2006-0558","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.1.e11","article-title":"Cardiovascular malformations and complications in Turner syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Sybert VP","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sybert VP. Cardiovascular malformations and complications in Turner syndrome. Pediatrics. 1998, 101:10.1542\/peds.101.1.e11","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0503","article-title":"Monosomy for the X-chromosome is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile","volume":"91","author":"Van PL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van PL, Bakalov VK, Bondy CA. Monosomy for the X-chromosome is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91:2867-70. 10.1210\/jc.2006-0503","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12007","article-title":"Liver involvement in Turner syndrome","author":"Roulot D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roulot D. Liver involvement in Turner syndrome. 2013. 10.1111\/liv.12007"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2012-5","article-title":"Impaired endothelial function in pediatric patients with turner syndrome and healthy controls: a case-control study","volume":"2012","author":"O'Gorman CS","year":"2012","unstructured":"O'Gorman CS, Syme C, Bradley T, Hamilton J, Mahmud FH. Impaired endothelial function in pediatric patients with turner syndrome and healthy controls: a case-control study. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2012, 2012:10.1186\/1687-9856-2012-5","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2019.24.3.158","article-title":"Arterial stiffness in young women with Turner syndrome using cardio-ankle vascular index","volume":"24","author":"Heo YJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heo YJ, Jung HW, Lee YA, Shin CH, Yang SW. Arterial stiffness in young women with Turner syndrome using cardio-ankle vascular index. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019, 24:158-63. 10.6065\/apem.2019.24.3.158","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-020-01660-7","article-title":"Coronary plaque burden in Turner syndrome a coronary computed tomography angiography study","volume":"36","author":"Funck KL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Funck KL, Budde RP, Viuff MH, et al.. Coronary plaque burden in Turner syndrome a coronary computed tomography angiography study. Heart Vessels. 2021, 36:14-23. 10.1007\/s00380-020-01660-7","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0346","article-title":"Standardized multidisciplinary evaluation yields significant previously undiagnosed morbidity in adult women with Turner syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Freriks K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freriks K, Timmermans J, Beerendonk CC, et al.. Standardized multidisciplinary evaluation yields significant previously undiagnosed morbidity in adult women with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011, 96:1517-26. 10.1210\/jc.2011-0346","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6866.116108","article-title":"Body composition in Egyptian Turner syndrome girls","volume":"19","author":"Zaki ME","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaki ME, Afifi HH. Body composition in Egyptian Turner syndrome girls. Indian J Hum Genet. 2013, 19:150-3. 10.4103\/0971-6866.116108","journal-title":"Indian J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.07065","article-title":"Pilot study of blood pressure in girls with Turner syndrome: an awareness gap, clinical associations, and new hypotheses","volume":"68","author":"Los E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Los E, Quezada E, Chen Z, Lapidus J, Silberbach M. Pilot study of blood pressure in girls with Turner syndrome: an awareness gap, clinical associations, and new hypotheses. Hypertension. 2016, 68:133-6. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.07065","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02505-w","article-title":"Progression of Vasculopathy in Young Individuals with Turner Syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Blunden CE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blunden CE, Urbina EM, Lawson SA, Gutmark-Little I, Shah AS, Khoury PR, Backeljauw PF. Progression of Vasculopathy in Young Individuals with Turner Syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol. 2021, 42:481-91. 10.1007\/s00246-020-02505-w","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000520233","article-title":"Increased prevalence of beta-cell dysfunction despite normal HbA1c in youth and young adults with Turner syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Sheanon N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheanon N, Elder D, Khoury J, Casnellie L, Gutmark-Little I, Cernich J, Backeljauw PF. Increased prevalence of beta-cell dysfunction despite normal HbA1c in youth and young adults with Turner syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr. 2021, 94:297-306. 10.1159\/000520233","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Percentile data files with LMS values. (2024). https.\/\/www.cdc.gov\/growthcharts\/percentile_data_files.htm."},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916","volume":"5","author":"Bois DD","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bois DD, Bois EF. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916. Nutrition. 1989, 5:303-13.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"140","author":"Flynn JT","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, et al.. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017, 140:10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"114","year":"2004","unstructured":"The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004, 114.555-76.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls","volume":"44","author":"Marshall WA","year":"1969","unstructured":"Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child. 1969, 44:291-303. 10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.029","article-title":"Intima media thickness measurement in children: a statement from the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology (AEPC) Working Group on Cardiovascular Prevention endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology","volume":"238","author":"Dalla Pozza R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalla Pozza R, Ehringer-Schetitska D, Fritsch P, Jokinen E, Petropoulos A, Oberhoffer R. Intima media thickness measurement in children: a statement from the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology (AEPC) Working Group on Cardiovascular Prevention endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology. Atherosclerosis. 2015, 238:380-7. 10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.029","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0027","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects","volume":"30","author":"M\u00f8ller N","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller N, J\u00f8rgensen JO. Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects. Endocr Rev. 2009, 30:152-77. 10.1210\/er.2008-0027","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1093691","article-title":"The influence of growth hormone on pediatric body composition: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Ferruzzi A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferruzzi A, Vrech M, Pietrobelli A, et al.. The influence of growth hormone on pediatric body composition: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023, 14:10.3389\/fendo.2023.1093691","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pedm.2022.123204","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of recombinant human growth hormone therapy in patients with Turner syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Gnaci\u0144ska M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gnaci\u0144ska M, Magnuszewska H, Sworczak K. Metabolic consequences of recombinant human growth hormone therapy in patients with Turner syndrome. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2023, 29:16-21. 10.5114\/pedm.2022.123204","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1351","article-title":"The effects of growth hormone treatment on bone mineral density and body composition in girls with turner syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Ari M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ari M, Bakalov VK, Hill S, Bondy CA. The effects of growth hormone treatment on bone mineral density and body composition in girls with turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91:4302-5. 10.1210\/jc.2006-1351","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). (2022). https.\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/363950\/WHO-EURO-2022-6594-46360-67071-eng.pdf?sequence=2#:~:text=Since%20...."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HCG.0000000000000048","article-title":"Cardiovascular health in Turner syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"11","author":"Silberbach M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silberbach M, Roos-Hesselink JW, Andersen NH, et al.. Cardiovascular health in Turner syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Genom Precis Med. 2018, 11:10.1161\/HCG.0000000000000048","journal-title":"Circ Genom Precis Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0430","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting","volume":"177","author":"Gravholt CH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gravholt CH, Andersen NH, Conway GS, et al.. Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017, 177:1-70. 10.1530\/EJE-17-0430","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951106000928","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological description of aortic dissection in Turner's syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Gravholt CH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gravholt CH, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Stochholm K, et al.. Clinical and epidemiological description of aortic dissection in Turner's syndrome. Cardiol Young. 2006, 16:430-6. 10.1017\/S1047951106000928","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2015.04.005","article-title":"Cardiometabolic and vascular risks in young and adolescent girls with Turner syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Mavinkurve M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mavinkurve M, O'Gorman CS. Cardiometabolic and vascular risks in young and adolescent girls with Turner syndrome. BBA Clin. 2015, 3:304-9. 10.1016\/j.bbacli.2015.04.005","journal-title":"BBA Clin"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04337.x","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness is increased in Turner syndrome: multifactorial pathogenesis depending on age, blood pressure, cholesterol and oestrogen treatment","volume":"77","author":"Mortensen KH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mortensen KH, Andersen NH, Hjerrild BE, H\u00f8rlyck A, Stochholm K, H\u00f8jbjerg Gravholt C. Carotid intima-media thickness is increased in Turner syndrome: multifactorial pathogenesis depending on age, blood pressure, cholesterol and oestrogen treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012, 77:844-51. 10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04337.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.03.006","article-title":"Increased aortic stiffness in prepubertal girls with Turner syndrome","volume":"69","author":"De Groote K","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Groote K, Devos D, Van Herck K, et al.. Increased aortic stiffness in prepubertal girls with Turner syndrome. J Cardiol. 2017, 69:201-7. 10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.03.006","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4008\/jcrpe.v1i2.9","article-title":"Atherogenic lipid profile and systolic blood pressure are associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness in children with Turner syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Pirgon \u00d6","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pirgon \u00d6, Atabek ME, Oran B, G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc R. Atherogenic lipid profile and systolic blood pressure are associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness in children with Turner syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2008, 1:62-71. 10.4008\/jcrpe.v1i2.9","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5199","article-title":"Association of childhood growth hormone treatment with long-term cardiovascular morbidity","volume":"175","author":"Tidblad A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tidblad A, Bottai M, Kieler H, Albertsson-Wikland K, S\u00e4vendahl L. Association of childhood growth hormone treatment with long-term cardiovascular morbidity. JAMA Pediatr. 2021, 175:10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5199","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2014-0180","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness in children treated with growth hormone","volume":"28","author":"Knop C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knop C, Wolters B, Lass N, Wunsch R, Reinehr T. Carotid intima-media thickness in children treated with growth hormone. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015, 28:985-91. 10.1515\/jpem-2014-0180","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1140","article-title":"Vasculopathy in the young Turner syndrome population","volume":"99","author":"Lawson SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lawson SA, Urbina EM, Gutmark-Little I, Khoury PR, Gao Z, Backeljauw PF. Vasculopathy in the young Turner syndrome population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014, 99:2039-45. 10.1210\/jc.2014-1140","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13811","article-title":"Liver biochemical abnormalities in Turner syndrome: a comprehensive characterization of an adult population","volume":"89","author":"Calanchini M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calanchini M, Moolla A, Tomlinson JW, Cobbold JF, Grossman A, Fabbri A, Turner HE. Liver biochemical abnormalities in Turner syndrome: a comprehensive characterization of an adult population. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018, 89:667-76. 10.1111\/cen.13811","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvac124","article-title":"Liver abnormalities in Turner syndrome: the importance of estrogen replacement","volume":"6","author":"Fedor I","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fedor I, Zold E, Barta Z. Liver abnormalities in Turner syndrome: the importance of estrogen replacement. J Endocr Soc. 2022, 6:10.1210\/jendso\/bvac124","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1216464","article-title":"Components of the metabolic syndrome in girls with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone in a long term prospective study","volume":"14","author":"B\u0142aszczyk E","year":"2023","unstructured":"B\u0142aszczyk E, Shulhai AM, Gieburowska J, Bara\u0144ski K, Gawlik AM. Components of the metabolic syndrome in girls with Turner syndrome treated with growth hormone in a long term prospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023, 14:10.3389\/fendo.2023.1216464","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/253996-carotid-intima-media-thickness-and-cardiometabolic-profile-in-turner-syndrome-a-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T16:24:35Z","timestamp":1717172675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/253996-carotid-intima-media-thickness-and-cardiometabolic-profile-in-turner-syndrome-a-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.61439","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]}}}