{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:58:27Z","timestamp":1785473907585,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"XMLink","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ecevr.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Vaccine Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T01:55:31Z","timestamp":1783302931000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7774\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatitis B in the vaccine era: persistent burden and clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.7774","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8796-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherechi","family":"Nwabueze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9395-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunice","family":"Omeludike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, GA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0202-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ridwan","family":"Lawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2572-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kedife","family":"Nwabueze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"18617","reference":[{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Hepatitis B [Internet]. Geneva. WHO. 2025. cited 2026 Mar 1. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-b#:~:text=As%20of%202022%2C%2013%25%20of,1980s%20to%20the%20early%202000s"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00760-9","volume":"20","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.11.023","volume":"161","author":"Rumgay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70519","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70519","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60220-8","volume":"384","author":"Tr\u00e9po","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu064","volume":"3","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Immunization coverage [Internet]. Geneva. WHO. 2025. cited 2026 Apr 2. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/immunization-coverage"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref8","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Department for HIV, tuberculosis, hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections [Internet]. Geneva. WHO. 2024. cited 2026 Apr 2. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/strategies\/global-health-sector-strategies"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7130a2","volume":"71","author":"Khetsuriani","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003787","volume":"138","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00124-8","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Hepatitis B Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12030288","volume":"12","author":"Al-Busafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.11.016","volume":"84","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00197-8","volume":"8","author":"Polaris Observatory Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.09.056","volume":"37","author":"Okenwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127051","volume":"55","author":"Okoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7113a1","volume":"71","author":"Weng","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22980","volume":"324","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref19","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clinical testing and diagnosis for hepatitis B [Internet]. Atlanta, GA. CDC. 2025. cited 2026 Feb 10. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-b\/hcp\/diagnosis-testing\/index.html"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001549","volume":"83","author":"Ghany","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.018","volume":"83","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001271","volume":"116","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00163-3","volume":"10","author":"Stockdale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00431-X","volume":"10","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ecevr.org\/pdf\/10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ecevr.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ecevr.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:13:50Z","timestamp":1785471230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ecevr.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7774\/cevr.2026.15.e18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-3651","2287-366X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-3651","type":"print"},{"value":"2287-366X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","name":"published_online","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 Korean Vaccine Society, Korean Society for Zoonoses.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},"group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}