{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T13:23:07Z","timestamp":1794057787183,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1073,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T16:55:31Z","timestamp":1621270531000},"page":"e275-e282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Orthostatic hypotension in older people: considerations, diagnosis and management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Dani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Dirksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Taraborrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Panagopolous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Torocastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phang Boon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01512.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on the diagnosis and management of orthostatic hypotension","volume":"13","author":"Lahrmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2002.34964","article-title":"Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension among patients presenting with syncope in the ED","volume":"20","author":"Sarasin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib3","first-page":"35","article-title":"Prevalence, associations, and risk factors for orthostatic hypotension in medical, surgical, and trauma inpatients: an observational cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Aung","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Ochsner Journal"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e034087","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034087","article-title":"Admissions for orthostatic hypotension: an analysis of NHS England Hospital Episode Statistics data","volume":"9","author":"Duggan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv093","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to orthostatic hypotension: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies","volume":"36","author":"Ricci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07474","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension in the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) blood pressure trial: prevalence, incidence, and prognostic significance","volume":"68","author":"Fleg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13613","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and the risk of atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular diseases: An updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"21","author":"Min","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw108","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension in middle-age and risk of falls","volume":"30","author":"Juraschek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcv126","article-title":"The duration of the orthostatic blood pressure drop is predictive of death","volume":"109","author":"Frithm","year":"2016","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.079","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"72","author":"Freeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp074189","article-title":"Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension","volume":"358","author":"Freeman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0001o.x","article-title":"Pathophysiological basis of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure","volume":"519","author":"Smit","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1526","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008314","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson disease: a 7-year prospective population-based study","volume":"93","author":"Hiorth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30079-5","article-title":"Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies: prioritisation of treatment targets","volume":"15","author":"Espay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.020","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension in diabetic patients\u201310\u2013year follow\u2013up study","volume":"30","author":"Gaspar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.018","article-title":"Age-related effects of vagotonic atropine on cardiovagal baroreflex gain","volume":"33","author":"Callegaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(76)90079-4","article-title":"Diminished baroreceptor sensitivity in elderly hypertensives: possible role of atherosclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Vlachakis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.5.5.763","article-title":"Baroreflex function in elderly hypertensives","volume":"5","author":"McGarry","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(98)00128-3","article-title":"Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity is attenuated in the elderly","volume":"73","author":"Matsukawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-016-9641-0","article-title":"Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty","volume":"17","author":"McPhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-0930-0","article-title":"Physical activity among hospitalised older people: insights from upper and lower limb accelerometry","volume":"30","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01061","article-title":"Effects of prolonged head\u2013down bed rest on cardiac and vascular baroreceptor modulation and orthostatic tolerance in healthy individuals","volume":"10","author":"Barbic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib23","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cardiovascular response to lower body negative pressure before, during and after ten days head\u2013down tilt bedrest","volume":"604","author":"Beck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.3.1023","article-title":"Catecholaminergic effects of prolonged head\u2013down bed rest","volume":"78","author":"Goldstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1158","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00965.2002","article-title":"Pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension after bed rest: paradoxical sympathetic withdrawal","volume":"285","author":"Kamiya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000781","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and drug therapy in patients at an outpatient comprehensive geriatric assessment unit","volume":"34","author":"Press","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.82","article-title":"Alcohol and psychotropic drugs: risk factors for orthostatic hypotension in elderly fallers","volume":"31","author":"Gaxatte","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.10.032","article-title":"Effects of benzodiazepines on orthostaitc blood pressure in older people","volume":"72","author":"Rivasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002374","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension: a marker of blood pressure variability and arterial stiffness: a cross\u2013sectional study on an elderly population: the 3\u2013City study","volume":"38","author":"Cremer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000202816.25706.64","article-title":"Arterial stiffness as the candidate underlying mechanism forpostural blood pressure changes and orthostatic hypotension in older adults: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"24","author":"Mattace\u2013Raso","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52163.x","article-title":"Arterial stiffness is associated with orthostatic hypotension in elderly subjects with history of falls","volume":"52","author":"Boddaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAGS"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08116","article-title":"Relations of arterial stiffness with postural change in mean arterial pressure in middle\u2013aged adults: the Framingham heart study","volume":"69","author":"Torjesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx096","article-title":"Is orthostatic hypotension more common in individuals with atrial fibrillation?\u2013Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)","volume":"46","author":"McNicholas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.01.008","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic intolerance and frailty: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging\u2013TILDA","volume":"60","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-019-00664-2","article-title":"Delayed recovery from initial orthostatic hypotension: an expression of frailty in the elderly","author":"van Twist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.12.009","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and mortality in relation to age, blood pressure and frailty","volume":"54","author":"Rockwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib37","first-page":"272","article-title":"What is the relationship between frailty and orthostatic hypotension in older adults?","volume":"16","author":"Kocyigit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1180-3","article-title":"Association between orthostatic hypotension and frailty in hospitalised older patients: a geriatric syndrome more than a cardiovascular condition","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.04.018","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly: a marker of clinical frailty?","volume":"19","author":"Liguori","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1179\/2295333715Y.0000000006","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and associated conditions in geriatric inpatients","volume":"70","author":"Jodaitis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308577","article-title":"Speed of heart rate recovery in response to orthostatic challenge: a strong risk marker of mortality","volume":"119","author":"McCrory","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib42","first-page":"afaa174","article-title":"Clinical clustering of eight orthostatic haemodynamic patterns in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)","author":"Moloney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy418","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic subclinical orthostatic hypotension increase risk of cognitive impairment: an integrated evidence review and analysis of a large older adult hypertensive cohort","volume":"39","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.09.028","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension associated with executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"382","author":"Bocti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00121","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension predicts cognitive impairment in the elderly: findings from a cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.02.017","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and cognition in older adults: A systematic review and meta\u2013analysis","volume":"120","author":"Iseli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008976","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008976","article-title":"Is baseline orthostatic hypotension associated with a decline in global cognitive performance at 4\u2013year follow\u2013up? Data from TILDA (The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing)","volume":"7","author":"McNicholas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0702-2","article-title":"Blood pressure change does not associate with center of pressure movement after postural transition in geriatric outpatients","volume":"18","author":"Timmermans","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.090423","article-title":"Relationship of orthostatic blood pressure to white matter hyperintensities and subcortical volumes in late\u2013life depression","volume":"199","author":"Colloby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.11.1484","article-title":"Regional cerebral autoregulation during orthostatic stress: age related differences","volume":"60","author":"Sorond","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000842","article-title":"Predictors of dementia in Parkinson disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Anang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy071","article-title":"Practical Instructions for the 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope","volume":"39","author":"Brignole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8375-x","article-title":"The recommendations of a consensus panel for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and associated supine hypertension","volume":"264","author":"Gibbons","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy037","article-title":"2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope","volume":"39","author":"Brignole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000907","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D and orthostatic hypotension: a systematic review and meta\u2013analysis","volume":"34","author":"Ometto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.5.504","article-title":"The pressor response to water drinking in humans: a sympathetic reflex?","volume":"101","author":"Jordan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.038471","article-title":"The effects of water ingestion on orthostatic hypotension in two groups of chronic autonomic failure: multiple system atrophy and pure autonomic failure","volume":"75","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002078","article-title":"Management of supine hypertension in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: scientific statement of the American Autonomic Society, European Federation of Autonomic Societies, and the European Society of Hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Jordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02267725","article-title":"Efficacy of compression of different capacitance beds in the amelioration of orthostatic hypotension","volume":"7","author":"Deng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-004-0187-x","article-title":"Use of lower abdominal compressino to combat orthostatic hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Smit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.03.032","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic management of orthostatic hypotension in older people: a systematic review. The SENATOR ONTOP series","volume":"20","author":"Subbarayan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000062","article-title":"Compression stocking length effects on arterial blood pressure and heart rate following head\u2013up tilt in healthy volunteers","volume":"63","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-002-0018-x","article-title":"Effects of dietary salt on orthostatic tolerance, blood pressure and baroreceptor sensibility in patients with syncope","volume":"12","author":"Cooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.75.2.134","article-title":"Salt supplement increases plasma volume and orthostatic intolerance in patiehts with unexplained syncope","volume":"75","author":"El\u2013Sayed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-008-0494-8","article-title":"Head\u2013up sleeping improves orthostatic tolerance in patients with syncope","volume":"18","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291388","article-title":"Fludrocortisone and sleeping in the head\u2013up position limit the postural decrease in cardiac output","volume":"10","author":"van Lieshout","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00563.x","article-title":"Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with sleeping in the head\u2013up tilt position, alone and in combination with fludrocortisone","volume":"232","author":"ten Harkel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-018-0529-8","volume":"28","author":"Fanciulli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.06.004","article-title":"Prevalence and associative factors of orthostatic hypotension in older adults: Results from the Well\u2013being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study","volume":"72","author":"Ong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.24.4.381","article-title":"9\u2013alpha\u2013fluorohydrocortisone in the treatment of postural hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy","volume":"24","author":"Campbell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.76.6.507","article-title":"Fludrocortisone in the treatment of hypotensive disorders in the elderly","volume":"76","author":"Hussain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2013.08.064","article-title":"Early discontinuation of treatment in patients with orthostatic hypotension","volume":"177","author":"Shibao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197907123010202","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid\u2013induced hypertension in patients with orthostatic hypotension","volume":"301","author":"Chobanian","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006848","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006848","article-title":"Fludrocortisone is associated with a higher risk of all\u2013cause hospitalizations compared with midodrine in patients with orthostatic hypotension","volume":"6","author":"Grijalva","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000815","article-title":"Midodrine for orthostaticv hypotensino and recurrent reflex syncope","volume":"83","author":"Izcovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90230-M","article-title":"Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a double\u2013blind, placebo\u2013controlled study with midodrine","volume":"95","author":"Jankovic","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.120","article-title":"A double\u2013blind, dose\u2013response study of midodrine in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension","volume":"51","author":"Wright","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004340","article-title":"Efficacy of single or combined midodrine and pyridostigmine in orthostatic hypotension","volume":"89","author":"Byun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540370036033","article-title":"Efficacy of midodrine vs placebo in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. A randomised, double blind multicenter study. Midodrine Study Group","volume":"277","author":"Low","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12122","article-title":"A systematic review of the pharmacological management of orthostatic hypotension","volume":"67","author":"Ong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-016-0363-9","article-title":"Clinical benefit of midodrine hydrocholoride in symptomatic orthostatic hypotension: a phase 4, double\u2013blind, palacebo\u2013controlled, randomised, tilt\u2013table study","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07199","article-title":"Efficacy of servo\u2013controlled splanchnic venous compression in the treatmet of orthostatic hypotension. A randomised comparison with midodrine","volume":"68","author":"Okamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12695","article-title":"Integrated analysis of droxidopa for the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"5","author":"Hauser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Movement Dis Clin Practice"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-017-0437-3","article-title":"Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: the very basics","volume":"27","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018786954","article-title":"Standing and supine blood pressure outcomes associated with droxidopa and midodrine in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a Bayesian meta\u2013analysis and mixed treatment comparison of randomised trials","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50968","article-title":"Efficacy of atomoxetine versus midodrine for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension","volume":"7","author":"Byun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.09.51","article-title":"Treatment of combined hypertension and orthostatic hypotension in older adults: more questions than answers still remain","volume":"7","author":"Kearney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"}],"container-title":["Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147021182403149X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147021182403149X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T08:49:35Z","timestamp":1744447775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S147021182403149X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S147021182403149X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-2118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-2118","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Orthostatic hypotension in older people: considerations, diagnosis and management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 Royal College of Physicians 2021. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}