{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:17:54Z","timestamp":1761844674817},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]],"date-time":"2016-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to explore the sonographic and elastographic properties of patellar and Achilles tendons in smoking and nonsmoking otherwise healthy adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a level 3 case\u2010control analytical study. Smoking and nonsmoking volunteers (&gt;18 years) without musculoskeletal system disorders were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and smoking habits (pack\u2010years) were recorded. Proximal, middle, and distal third thicknesses of the patellar and Achilles tendons were measured by B\u2010mode sonography. Strain ratio measurements of the same regions were measured by real\u2010time ultrasound elastography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 69 participants (57 male and 12 female; mean age \u00b1 SD, 35.5 \u00b1 7.8 years) were evaluated in the study. Smoking (n = 35) and nonsmoking (n = 34) groups had no significant differences in terms of age, body mass index, sex, and activity level (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05). Proximal, middle, and distal thirds of the patellar and Achilles tendons were significantly thinner in the smoking group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Furthermore, strain ratio measurements in the same regions were significantly lower in the smoking group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05). Patellar tendon thicknesses and strain ratios had negative correlations with the smoking amount (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thickness and strain ratio measurements of patellar and Achilles tendons were reduced (thinner and harder tendons) in smokers. Clinical implications of these morphologic and elastographic changes should be investigated in future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.11050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]],"date-time":"2016-09-24T00:36:42Z","timestamp":1474677402000},"page":"2431-2438","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Elastographic Strain Ratio Measurements of Patellar and Achilles Tendons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kadir","family":"A\u011flad\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuray","family":"Akkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harun R.","family":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Semih","family":"Akkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nusret","family":"\u00d6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"\u00d6z\u00e7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2013.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.11-0262-OA"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0781-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200609000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0046-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1268695"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00598"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2010.524595"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2006.25.10.1291"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199809)26:7<335::AID-JCU1>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1987.6.7.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254521"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1843"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1109809"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1339-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0782-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198509000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399703258619"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513505191"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"776","article-title":"Effect of exposure of cigarette smoke on mechanical properties and thermal behaviour of rat skin and tendon","volume":"35","author":"Kumar EM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20768"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050374"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","volume-title":"The Shoulder","author":"Rockwood CA","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92698-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(76)90496-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01935.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.7863%2Fultra.15.11050","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.7863%2Fultra.15.11050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.7863\/ultra.15.11050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T09:55:12Z","timestamp":1695722112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.7863\/ultra.15.11050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.7863\/ultra.15.11050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/ultra.15.11050","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-02-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}