{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:52:38Z","timestamp":1792792358020,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary purpose of this investigation was to document the ability of high\u2010resolution sonography to accurately identify the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve (FBLPN) using sonographically guided perineural injections in an unembalmed cadaveric model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      single experienced operator completed sonographically guided perineural FBLPN injections in 12 unembalmed cadaveric specimens (6 right and 6 left) obtained from 10 donors (5 male and 5 female) aged 47 to 95 years (mean, 71 years) with an average body mass index of 24.2 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (range, 17.2\u201331.6 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). All injections were completed using 22\u2010gauge, 38\u2010mm stainless steel needles to deliver 1 mL of 50% diluted colored latex adjacent to the FBLPN in the abductor hallucis\u2010quadratus plantae (AH\u2010QP) interval. Six injections were completed using a cart\u2010based ultrasound (US) machine and a 17\u20135\u2010MHz transducer, and 6 were completed using a portable US machine and a 12\u20133\u2010MHz transducer. Nerve conspicuity was graded on a 4\u2010point scale (1, poor; 4, excellent). After a minimum of 24 hours, study coinvestigators dissected each specimen to assess injectate placement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 12 injections accurately placed latex onto the FBLPN within the AH\u2010QP interval, with 11 of 12 (91%) resulting in complete nerve coverage. Proximal latex overflow to the lateral plantar nerve occurred in 82% of cases (10 of 12). The average distance between the plantar fascia and injected latex was 1.2 cm (range, 1.0\u20131.75 cm). No vascular injury was seen in any specimen. The average nerve conspicuities were 3.7 (range, 3\u20134) using the cart\u2010based US machine and 1.8 (range, 1\u20134) using the portable US machine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sonographic visualization of the FBLPN in the AH\u2010QP interval is feasible and should be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients presenting with chronic or atypical heel pain syndromes. Further clinical experience should refine the role of FBLPN sonography and explore the utility of sonographically guided diagnostic and therapeutic FBLPN perineural injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.9.1643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]],"date-time":"2013-08-26T16:59:27Z","timestamp":1377536367000},"page":"1643-1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Sonographic Visualization of the First Branch of the Lateral Plantar Nerve (Baxter Nerve)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"James 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