{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:47:24Z","timestamp":1776689244512,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002597","name":"Kyung Hee University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KHU-20111737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KHU-20111737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Ultrasound Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate characteristic sonographic findings for mumps orchitis with epididymal involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 18 patients (aged 12\u201318 years) with mumps orchitis. We assessed the volume, echogenicity, and vascularity of the testes and the transverse diameter, echogenicity, and vascularity of the epididymal head, body, and tail. We classified 4 types of epididymal involvement: 1A, focal swelling of the epididymal head with hypervascularity only on the swollen head; 1B, focal swelling of the epididymal head with hypervascularity on the entire epididymis; 1C, diffuse swelling of the entire epididymis with hypervascularity; and 2, no epididymal involvement. The Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test was used to evaluate the significance of the size of each part of the epididymis and the epididymal head\u2010to\u2010tail diameter ratio.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orchitis was unilateral in 13 patients and bilateral in 5. Of 23 affected hemiscrotums, 7 (30.4%) were type 1A, 4 (17.4%) type 1B, 2 (8.7%) type 1C, and 10 (43.5%) type 2. In 11 patients with unilateral epididymal involvement, the mean diameters \u00b1 SDs of the epididymal heads on the affected and contralateral sides were 1.11 \u00b1 0.19 (range, 0.7\u20131.7) and 0.65 \u00b1 0.14 (0.3\u20130.9) cm (significantly different, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;.001). The diameters of the epididymal tails on the affected and contralateral sides were 0.51 \u00b1 0.41 (0.2\u20130.8) and 0.46 \u00b1 0.21 (0.3\u20130.6) cm (not statistically different, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .106). The mean head\u2010to\u2010tail ratios on the affected and contralateral sides were 2.28 \u00b1 0.49 (1.29\u20133.00) and 1.41 \u00b1 0.22 (1.00\u20131.75; significantly different, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). In all types 1A and 1B, the ratio was higher than 2.00; in 22 of 23 unaffected epididymides, the ratio was lower than 2.00.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Focal swelling of epididymal heads was a characteristic sonographic finding of mumps epididymo\u2010orchitis, and a head\u2010to\u2010tail ratio higher than 2.00 can be a useful diagnostic finding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.34.6.1083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T15:21:55Z","timestamp":1432653715000},"page":"1083-1089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Distribution of Epididymal Involvement in Mumps Epididymo\u2010orchitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Seong Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo Won","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Kyoung","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Eun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60419-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.11.1189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002610000039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1260","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Baum SG","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271001744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2003.22.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.177.5.1771131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.1.2006304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199610)24:8<405::AID-JCU2>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(200002)28:2<67::AID-JCU2>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.4.8610563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2012.53.12.865"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35404-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199709)25:7<390::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.7863%2Fultra.34.6.1083","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.7863%2Fultra.34.6.1083","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.7863\/ultra.34.6.1083","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T14:07:01Z","timestamp":1697724421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.7863\/ultra.34.6.1083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.7863\/ultra.34.6.1083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/ultra.34.6.1083","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-4297","1550-9613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-4297","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}