{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T15:38:13Z","timestamp":1779118693704,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"The Korean Audiological Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ejao.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Audiol Otol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cochlear implants are a standard rehabilitation option for children with severe hearing loss or deafness, allowing access to speech sounds necessary for the development of spoken language. However, the speech-language outcomes of pediatric cochlear implant users vary widely and are not directly or exclusively linked to technology but to combinations of individual audiological, personal, technical, and habilitational factors. These combinations may not favor spoken language development, which may further be linked to the issue of prior insistence on spoken language learning and associated with a high risk of language deprivation. Here, we discuss the outcomes of cochlear implantation from a habilitative perspective and lay down the efforts and resources necessary for the development of communication competence after cochlear implantation rather than the achievement of specific hearing, language, or speech skills that have limited socioemotional and educational contributions and do not guarantee an independent or productive life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2022.00584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T23:41:26Z","timestamp":1681774886000},"page":"55-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7874\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Language Intervention Instead of Speech Intervention for Children With Cochlear Implants"],"prefix":"10.7874","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-7476","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivana \u0160imi\u0107","family":"\u0160anti\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1379-5239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luka","family":"Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4621","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Deafness and hearing loss"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"","author":"Cole","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/jrrd.2007.10.0173"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/policy.tr2004-00041"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000481767"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.09.002"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05737-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2017.06.005"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26791"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762812y.0000000028"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320910662"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200208000-00028"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1467010013z.000000000123"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-2010-0535"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.05.009"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"506","volume-title":"Language structures used by kindergartners with cochlear implants: relationship to phonological awareness, lexical knowledge and hearing loss","author":"Nittrouer","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e3181fa41dc"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"2158","volume-title":"Control of speech and voice in cochlear implant patients","author":"Gautam","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"469","volume-title":"Hear me out: hearing each other for the first time: the implications of cochlear implant activation","author":"Cooper","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723719834102"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"235","volume-title":"12 guiding premises of pediatric cochlear implant habilitation","author":"McConkey Robbins","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02534-1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e3182503e47"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e3181a9ea14"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e31816c409f"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"11S","volume-title":"Communication development in children who receive the cochlear implant younger than 12 months: risks versus benefits","author":"Dettman","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.12.010"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.07.003"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000240640.59205.42"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.5.629"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000078392"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.09.004"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(16)00034-x"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.12.010"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17051"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"617","volume-title":"Time of cochlear implant use obtained from data logging and word discrimination performance of children","author":"Yuksel","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"344","volume-title":"Effect of age, electrode array, and time on cochlear implant impedances","author":"Velandia","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2014.2371671"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1084713806296386"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e3181ffd5dc"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.08.024"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000051688.48224.a6"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mao.0b013e3181eb3226"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e318269ce50"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2017.12.010"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enu011"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01651.x"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.12.014"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_jslhr-h-16-0474"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_jslhr-h-13-0259"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e3181ffd58e"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Effects of early auditory deprivation on working memory and reasoning abilities in verbal and visuo-spatial domains for pediatric CI recipients","author":"Davidson","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549869"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Does a lack of auditory experience affect sequential learning?","author":"Torkildsen","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enu039"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"55","volume-title":"The development of executive functions and their neurological correlates","author":"\u0160imle\u0161a","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1689","volume-title":"Nonverbal executive function is mediated by language: a study of deaf and hearing children","author":"Botting","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00744.x"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116411"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1","volume-title":"How deaf children learn","author":"Marschark","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00527"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2050571x.2016.1238611"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/138935"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Language and literacy development of deaf and hard-of-hearing children: successes and challenges","author":"Lederberg","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-004-5894-0"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.110"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2007\/007)"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0188)"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e318157f07f"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enj002"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/11-0086)"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enn025"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Emergent literacy skills during early childhood in children with hearing loss: strengths and weaknesses","author":"Easterbrooks","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/tld.0000000000000053"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.0.0129"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ent030"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enq031"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enq032"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-013-0444-4"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2011.00744.x"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsecp.2010.27.2.33"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930500513502"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405620444000139"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.07.023"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03218.x"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.19.229427"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Bilingualism: a pearl to overcome certain perils of cochlear implants","author":"Humphries","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"415","volume-title":"Audiometric evaluation short and medium term in cochlear implants","author":"Alonso-Luj\u00e1n","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0347)"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.10.014"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.451"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"e82","volume-title":"Long-term communication outcomes for children receiving cochlear implants younger than 12 months: a multicenter study","author":"Dettman","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000148200"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.574"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"1886","volume-title":"Working memory in children with cochlear implants: problems are in storage, not processing","author":"Nittrouer","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020802307370"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0261444815000348"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762813y.0000000062"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/8.1.79"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"1","volume-title":"","author":"Haualand","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815616891"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2014.0036"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enw054"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01982"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Effects of early language deprivation: mapping between brain and behavioral outcomes","author":"Cheng","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ent045"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215112001909"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enr015"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.966401"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ijohns.2019.81003"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146431508790559751"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110164"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14643154.2021.2001616"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"3","volume-title":"","author":"United","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Audiology and Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ejao.org\/upload\/pdf\/jao-2022-00584.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ejao.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.7874\/jao.2022.00584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ejao.org\/upload\/pdf\/jao-2022-00584.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T06:21:45Z","timestamp":1681885305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ejao.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.7874\/jao.2022.00584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7874\/jao.2022.00584","relation":{},"ISSN":["2384-1621","2384-1710"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2384-1621","type":"print"},{"value":"2384-1710","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}