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The Government of Japan, Outcome indices for the action plan, pp.65, National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) 2016-2020. Available at &lt;https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku\/0000138942.pdf&gt; Accessed May 22, 2019."},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Saga T, Yamaguchi K. History of antimicrobial agents and resistant bacteria. Japan Med Assoc J. 2009; 52:103-8."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. MacFadden DR, McGough SF, Fisman D, et al. Antibiotic resistance increases with local temperature. Nat Climat Chang. 2018;8:510-4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0161-6"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Sahoo KC, Tamhanker AJ, Sahoo S, et al. Geographical variation in antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> isolates from stool, cow-dung and drinking water. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012; 9:746-59.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9030746"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Izumida M, Nagai M, Ohta A, et al. Epidemics of drug-resistant bacterial infections observed in infectious disease surveillance in Japan, 2001-2005. J Epidemiol. 2007;17(Suppl):S42-7.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.17.S42"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Hoshuyama T, Moriguchi H, Muratani T, et al. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) outbreak at a university hospital in Kitakyushu, Japan: case-control studies. J Infect Chemother. 2008;14:354-60.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-008-0628-X"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci rates by country. The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics &amp; Policy (Washington DC). Available at &lt;https:\/\/cddep.org\/tool\/vancomycin_resistant_enterococci_rates_country\/&gt; Accessed August 1, 2019."},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8. Werner G, Coque TM, Hammerum AM, et al. Emergence and spread of vancomycin resistance among enterococci in Europe. Euro Surveil. 2008;13:pii=19046. Available at http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspxArticleId=19046, Accessed August 1, 2019."},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. Trends in foreign tourists visiting Japan by countries and regions, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan. Available at &lt;http:\/\/www.soumu.go.jp\/johotsusintokei\/whitepaper\/ja\/h28\/html\/nc134120.html&gt; Accessed August 1, 2019."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. 2019 Visitor Arrivals to Japan and Japanese Overseas Travelers. Japan National Tourism Organization. Available at &lt;https:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/jpn\/news\/press_releases\/pdf\/190521_monthly.pdf&gt; Accessed August 1, 2019."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Kim JY, Kwon YM, Kim IS, et al. Effects of the brown seaweed <i>Laminaria japonica<\/i> supplementation on serum concentrations of IgG, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and intestinal microbiota composition in rats. 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The potential role of microbiota for controlling the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in neonatal population. F1000Res. 2017;6:1217.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10713.1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Garc\u00eda-Rey C, Fenoll A, Aguilar L, et al. Effect of social and climatological factors on antimicrobial use and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> resistance in different provinces in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54:465-71.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh375"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases Control Division, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Pneumococcal infections in 2017, Japan. Infect Agents Surveillance Rep. 2018;39:107\u2019-8\u2019."},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18. Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS), Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. 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