{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:53:59Z","timestamp":1791518039744,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Brighthall","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To compare student performance following a change in laboratory teaching methodology from cadavers to models to virtual dissection table in a musculoskeletal gross anatomy course in a doctor of chiropractic program.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Three marking periods of laboratory and lecture examination scores from 3 consecutive academic calendar years were evaluated and compared using simple analysis as well as analysis of variance and post hoc t tests. The 1st cohort of students (n = 352) utilized cadavers. The 2nd cohort of students (n = 350) had anatomical models as their primary gross laboratory modality. The 3rd cohort of students (n = 393) utilized virtual dissection tables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The midterm and final laboratory examination scores were evaluated and showed successive increase in aggregate averages between cohort 1 (mean = 76.1%), cohort 2 (mean = 81.4%), and cohort 3 (mean = 85.1%). Lecture examination scores remained consistent between the cohorts at 61.2%, 62.4%, and 61.1%, respectively. Significant improvements were seen in lab exam scores between cohorts (F [2, 2113] = 58.6, p &lt; .001), and no significant differences were seen in lecture exam scores.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Students utilizing virtual dissection tables scored higher on laboratory examinations than students having models or cadavers. However, they displayed a similar testing competency in lecture examinations, suggesting a possible change in laboratory examination difficulty between the cohorts but a similar knowledge base. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term retention of student knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7899\/jce-17-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T14:56:17Z","timestamp":1524581777000},"page":"98-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Analysis of immediate student outcomes following a change in gross anatomy laboratory teaching methodology*"],"prefix":"10.7899","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Salman","family":"Afsharpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Gonsalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Hosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Partin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4650","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2016.02.010","article-title":"Best teaching practices in anatomy education: a critical review","volume":"208","author":"Estai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1999)12:3<186::AID-CA7>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Concepts of variation and normality in morphology: important issues at risk of neglect in modern undergraduate medical courses","volume":"12","author":"Willan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10046","article-title":"The human cadaver in the age of biomedical informatics","volume":"269","author":"Aziz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2004.01795.x","article-title":"Teaching anatomy without cadavers","volume":"30","author":"McLachlan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Ed"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2014.10.007","article-title":"3D digital anatomy modeling-practical or pretty","volume":"13","author":"Murgitroyd","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Surgeon"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b06","first-page":"315","article-title":"Evaluation of a three-dimensional computer model of the larynx: voicing a new direction","volume":"39","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b07","first-page":"598","article-title":"Long-term retention of a 3-dimensional educational computer model of the larynx","volume":"137","author":"Fritz","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02611.x","article-title":"Can virtual reality improve education? 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Effect of using plastic models, organ dissection, and virtual dissections on student learning and perceptions","volume":"38","author":"Lombardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Physiol Educ"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b10","first-page":"1","article-title":"The utilization of the Anatomage virtual dissection table in the education of science students","volume":"1","author":"Custer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tomogr Simul"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.7899\/JCE-13-8","article-title":"An investigation into the demographics and motivations of students studying for chiropractic degrees","volume":"27","author":"Yalden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Chiropr Educ"},{"key":"2020072214342670500_i1042-5055-32-2-98-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.7899\/JCE-13-10","article-title":"Comparison of chiropractic student scores before and after utilizing active learning techniques in a classroom setting","volume":"27","author":"Guagliardo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Chiropr Educ"}],"container-title":["Journal of Chiropractic Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jce\/article-pdf\/32\/2\/98\/2314129\/jce-17-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jce\/article-pdf\/32\/2\/98\/2314129\/jce-17-7.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:31:55Z","timestamp":1758893515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jce.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/ched\/32\/2\/article-p98.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7899\/jce-17-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-5055","2374-250X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-5055","type":"print"},{"value":"2374-250X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]}}}