{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:07:37Z","timestamp":1782871657594,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"International College of Surgeons","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Hemangiomas are the most common benign primary tumors of the liver and their prevalence ranges from 0.4% to 20%. Approximately 85% of hemangiomas are clinically asymptomatic and are incidentally detected in imaging studies performed for other causes. In a very small minority of patients, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, distension, palpable mass, obstructive jaundice, bleeding, and signs and symptoms of Budd-Chiari syndrome may develop due to compression of bile duct, hepatic vein, portal vein, and adjacent organs. Occasionally, external compression of inferior vena cava may lead to edema and\/or indirect symptoms such as deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. In this report, we present a case of giant hepatic hemangioma that completely filled the right lobe of the liver. The patient presented with bilateral lower limb edema and pain. A computed tomography scan detected a 9 \u00d7 11 \u00d7 12 cm mass indicative of a hemangioma in the right lobe of the liver that compressed the inferior vena cava. The patient refused treatment initially but returned 6 months later presenting with the same symptoms. At that time, the mass had increased in size and a hepatectomy was performed, preserving the middle hepatic vein. By postoperative month 13, the swelling in the lower extremities had decreased significantly and the inferior vena cava appeared normal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9738\/intsurg-d-13-00046.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T16:23:05Z","timestamp":1377274985000},"page":"229-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Bilateral Lower Limb Edema Caused by Compression of the Retrohepatic Inferior Vena Cava by a Giant Hepatic Hemangioma"],"prefix":"10.9738","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Sami","family":"Akbulut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Liver Transplantation, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Liver Transplantation, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Kahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sezai","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Liver Transplantation, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4721","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b01","series-title":"Gut Liver","first-page":"228","article-title":"Surgical management for giant liver hemangiomas greater than 20 cm in size","volume":"5","author":"Jiang\n              H,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiang\n              H, \n            \n              Chen\n              Z, \n            \n              Prasoon\n              P, \n            \n              Wu\n              H, \n            \n              Zeng\n              Y. \n          \n          Surgical management for giant liver hemangiomas greater than 20 cm in size. Gut Liver2011;5(2):228\u2013233"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b02","series-title":"J Gastrointest Surg","first-page":"209","article-title":"Emergent orthotopic liver transplantation for hemorrhage from a giant cavernous hepatic hemangioma: case report and review","volume":"15","author":"Vagefi\n              PA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vagefi\n              PA, \n            \n              Klein\n              I, \n            \n              Gelb\n              B, \n            \n              Hameed\n              B, \n            \n              Moff\n              SL, \n            \n              Simko\n              JP. \n          \n          Emergent orthotopic liver transplantation for hemorrhage from a giant cavernous hepatic hemangioma: case report and review. J Gastrointest Surg2011;15(1):209\u2013214"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b03","series-title":"Chang Gung Med J","first-page":"70","article-title":"Surgical management of giant hepatic hemangiomas: complications and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Ho\n              HY,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ho\n              HY, \n            \n              Wu\n              TH, \n            \n              Yu\n              MC, \n            \n              Lee\n              WC, \n            \n              Chao\n              TC, \n            \n              Chen\n              MF. \n          \n          Surgical management of giant hepatic hemangiomas: complications and review of the literature. Chang Gung Med J2012;35(1):70\u201378"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b04","series-title":"J Postgrad Med","first-page":"290","article-title":"Giant hemangioma of liver presenting as deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs","volume":"55","author":"Madhusudhan\n              KS,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madhusudhan\n              KS, \n            \n              Srivastava\n              DN, \n            \n              Gamanagatti\n              S. \n          \n          Giant hemangioma of liver presenting as deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. J Postgrad Med2009;55(4):290\u2013291"},{"issue":"7","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b05","series-title":"World J Hepatol","first-page":"292","article-title":"Resection of a rapid-growing 40-cm giant liver hemangioma","volume":"2","author":"Koszka\n              AJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koszka\n              AJ, \n            \n              Ferreira\n              FG, \n            \n              de Aquino\n              CG, \n            \n              Ribeiro\n              MA, \n            \n              Gallo\n              AS, \n            \n              Aranzana\n              EM. \n          \n          Resection of a rapid-growing 40-cm giant liver hemangioma. World J Hepatol2010;2(7):292\u2013294"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b06","series-title":"J Nihon Med Sch","first-page":"34","article-title":"A symptomatic giant hepatic hemangioma treated with hepatectomy","volume":"78","author":"Uetama\n              T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uetama\n              T, \n            \n              Yoshida\n              H, \n            \n              Hirakata\n              A, \n            \n              Yokoyama\n              T, \n            \n              Maruyama\n              H, \n            \n              Suzuki\n              S. \n          \n          A symptomatic giant hepatic hemangioma treated with hepatectomy. J Nihon Med Sch2011;78(1):34\u201339"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b07","series-title":"Korean J Hepatol","first-page":"66","article-title":"A case of pedunculated hepatic hemangioma mimicking submucosal tumor of the stomach","volume":"17","author":"Moon\n              HK,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moon\n              HK, \n            \n              Kim\n              HS, \n            \n              Heo\n              GM, \n            \n              Shin\n              WG, \n            \n              Kim\n              KH, \n            \n              Jang\n              MK. \n          \n          A case of pedunculated hepatic hemangioma mimicking submucosal tumor of the stomach. Korean J Hepatol2011;17(1):66\u201370"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b08","series-title":"Am Surg","first-page":"48","article-title":"Surgical treatment of giant hepatic hemangiomas: technical point of view","volume":"77","author":"Choi\n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choi\n              J, \n            \n              Lee\n              YJ, \n            \n              Hwang\n              DW, \n            \n              Chon\n              SH, \n            \n              Nagpal\n              A, \n            \n              Park\n              KM. \n          \n          Surgical treatment of giant hepatic hemangiomas: technical point of view. Am Surg2011;77(1):48\u201354"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b09","series-title":"Dig Surg","first-page":"7","article-title":"Giant haemangioma of the liver: observation or resection?","volume":"27","author":"Duxbury\n              MS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duxbury\n              MS, \n            \n              Garden\n              OJ. \n          \n          Giant haemangioma of the liver: observation or resection?\n          Dig Surg\n          2010;27(1):7\u201311"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b10","series-title":"Surg Today","first-page":"459","article-title":"Hemoperitoneum from a spontaneous rupture of a giant hemangioma of the liver: report of a case","volume":"33","author":"Corigliano\n              N,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Corigliano\n              N, \n            \n              Mercantini\n              P, \n            \n              Amodio\n              PM, \n            \n              Balducci\n              G, \n            \n              Caterino\n              S, \n            \n              Ramacciato\n              G\n            \n          \n          \n            . \n          \n          Hemoperitoneum from a spontaneous rupture of a giant hemangioma of the liver: report of a case. Surg Today2003; 33(6):459\u2013463"},{"issue":"7","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b11","series-title":"Pediatr Transplant","first-page":"135","article-title":"Living donor liver transplantation for giant cavernous hemangioma of liver in a child","volume":"15","author":"Sood\n              D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sood\n              D, \n            \n              Mohan\n              N, \n            \n              Singh\n              A, \n            \n              Buxi\n              TB, \n            \n              Nundy\n              S, \n            \n              Soin\n              AS. \n          \n          Living donor liver transplantation for giant cavernous hemangioma of liver in a child. Pediatr Transplant2011;15(7):135\u2013138"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b12","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"692","article-title":"Hepatic cavernous hemangioma: temporal peritumoral enhancement during multiphase dynamic MR imaging","volume":"216","author":"Jeong\n              MG,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jeong\n              MG, \n            \n              Yu\n              JS, \n            \n              Kim\n              KW. \n          \n          Hepatic cavernous hemangioma: temporal peritumoral enhancement during multiphase dynamic MR imaging. Radiology2000;216(3):692\u2013697"},{"key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b13","series-title":"J Assoc Physicians India","first-page":"637","article-title":"Scintigraphic finding of a silent hepatic haemangioma","volume":"58","author":"Borse\n              R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borse\n              R, \n            \n              Mahapatra\n              GN, \n            \n              Meht\n              R, \n            \n              Plumber\n              S, \n            \n              Dhuri\n              S, \n            \n              Ali\n              S. \n          \n          Scintigraphic finding of a silent hepatic haemangioma. J Assoc Physicians India2010;58:637\u2013640"},{"issue":"5","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b14","series-title":"Exp Clin Transplant","first-page":"344","article-title":"Liver transplant for mixed capillary-cavernous hemangioma masquerading as hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Unal\n              E,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unal\n              E, \n            \n              Francis\n              F, \n            \n              Aquino\n              A, \n            \n              Xu\n              R, \n            \n              Morgan\n              G, \n            \n              Teperman\n              L. \n          \n          Liver transplant for mixed capillary-cavernous hemangioma masquerading as hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Clin Transplant2011;9(5):344\u2013348"},{"issue":"2","key":"i0020-8868-98-3-229-b15","series-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol","first-page":"116","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of a giant hepatic hemangioma - sequential management with transcatheter arterial embolization and resection","volume":"16","author":"Jain\n              V,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jain\n              V, \n            \n              Ramachandran\n              V, \n            \n              Garg\n              R, \n            \n              Pal\n              S, \n            \n              Gamanagatti\n              SR, \n            \n              Srivastava\n              DN. \n          \n          Spontaneous rupture of a giant hepatic hemangioma - sequential management with transcatheter arterial embolization and resection. Saudi J Gastroenterol2010;16(2):116\u2013119"}],"container-title":["International Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/insu\/98\/3\/article-p229.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/international-surgery\/article-pdf\/98\/3\/229\/2215286\/intsurg-d-13-00046_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/insu\/98\/3\/article-p229.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/insu\/98\/3\/article-p229.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T18:59:48Z","timestamp":1751482788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/insu\/98\/3\/article-p229.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9738\/intsurg-d-13-00046.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8868","2520-2456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8868","type":"print"},{"value":"2520-2456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}