{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:50:17Z","timestamp":1779231017936,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"International College of Surgeons","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>The parathyroid gland was first described by Sir Richard Owen. Ivor Sandstrom coined the term <jats:italic>glandulae parathyroidiae<\/jats:italic>. Vassale and Generali Francesco observed that tetany occurs following parathyroidectomy. Harald Salvesen firmly established the relationship of the parathyroid gland to calcium metabolism. A patient with skeletal disease and a tumor near the parathyroid gland was described by Max Askanazy in 1904. Schlagenhaufer suggested in 1915 that in an attempt to cure bone disease, solitary parathyroid enlargement, if present, should be excised. The term <jats:italic>hyperparathyroidism<\/jats:italic> (HPT) was coined by Henry Dixon and colleagues. The parathyroid surgeries on Albert J. and Charles Martell were the first experience with successful parathyroidectomy. From a grossly symptomatic disease of bones, stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans, HPT has evolved into asymptomatic HPT. Improvements in knowledge about the pathology of parathyroid diseases, including the genetic basis of HPT, and advances in the surgical techniques have brought about changes in the management of HPT over the decades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9738\/intsurg-d-13-00225.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T16:00:08Z","timestamp":1418054408000},"page":"528-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vignette Hyperparathyroidism: Glimpse Into Its History"],"prefix":"10.9738","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Dorairajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai; Madras Medical College, Chennai; and Apollo Hospitals, Chennai; Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.V.","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine Surgery, Narayana Medical College & Super Speciality Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4721","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b01","series-title":"J Am Coll Surg","first-page":"284","article-title":"The history of parathyroid surgery","volume":"191","author":"Organ\n              CH\n              Jr.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Organ\n              CH\n              Jr. \n          \n          The history of parathyroid surgery. J Am Coll Surg2000;191(3):284\u2013288"},{"issue":"2","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b02","series-title":"Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl","first-page":"81","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism: An early historical survey","volume":"51","author":"Rowlands\n              BC.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rowlands\n              BC. \n          \n          Hyperparathyroidism: An early historical survey. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl1972:51(2):81\u201390"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b03","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"489","article-title":"The parathyroid glandule: their blood supply and their preservation in operations upon the thyroid gland","volume":"46","author":"Halsted\n              WS,","year":"1907","unstructured":"Halsted\n              WS, \n            \n              Evans\n              HM. \n          \n          The parathyroid glandule: their blood supply and their preservation in operations upon the thyroid gland. Ann Surg1907;46(4):489\u2013506"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b04","series-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol","first-page":"133","article-title":"The gross anatomy of parathyroid glands","volume":"46","author":"Gilmour\n              JR.","year":"1938","unstructured":"Gilmour\n              JR. \n          \n          The gross anatomy of parathyroid glands. J Pathol Bacteriol1938;46(1):133\u20131399"},{"key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b05","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"62","article-title":"Functions of thyroid gland","volume":"142","author":"Gley\n              E.","year":"1892","unstructured":"Gley\n              E. \n          \n          Functions of thyroid gland. Lancet1892;142:62"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b06","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"118","article-title":"On the relation of tetay to parathyroid gland and to calcium metabolism","volume":"11","author":"MacCallum\n              WG,","year":"1909","unstructured":"MacCallum\n              WG, \n            \n              Voegtlin\n              C. \n          \n          On the relation of tetay to parathyroid gland and to calcium metabolism. J Exp Med1909;11(1):118\u2013151"},{"key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b07","series-title":"The History of Endocrine Surgery. 1st Ed","author":"Welbourn\n              RB.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Welbourn\n              RB. \n          \n          The History of Endocrine Surgery. 1st Ed. 1990; Praeger Publishers. 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Postgrad Med J1959;35(404):330\u2013337"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b14","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"375","article-title":"Primary chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands","volume":"148","author":"Cope\n              O,","year":"1958","unstructured":"Cope\n              O, \n            \n              Keynes\n              WM, \n            \n              Roth\n              SI, \n            \n              Castleman\n              B. \n          \n          Primary chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. 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N Eng J Med1976;295(2):57\u201362"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b17","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"86","article-title":"The successful transplantation of frozen parathyroid tissue in man","volume":"81","author":"Wells\n              SA,","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wells\n              SA, \n            \n              Gunnels\n              JC, \n            \n              Gutman\n              PA. \n          \n          The successful transplantation of frozen parathyroid tissue in man. 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Cancer1973;31(3):600\u2013605"},{"key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b20","series-title":"Clinical endocrinology for surgeons","first-page":"358","author":"Montogomery\n              DAD,","year":"1963","unstructured":"Montogomery\n              DAD, \n            \n              Welbourn\n              RB. \n          \n          Clinical endocrinology for surgeons. London: Arnold, 1963:358\u2013383"},{"issue":"21","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b21","series-title":"N Eng J Med","first-page":"1174","article-title":"The story of hyperparathyroidism at the Massachusetts General Hospital","volume":"274","author":"Cope\n              O.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cope\n              O. \n          \n          The story of hyperparathyroidism at the Massachusetts General Hospital. N Eng J Med1966;274(21):1174\u20131182"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b22","series-title":"Ann Int Med","first-page":"102","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms in primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"46","author":"St Goar\n              WT.","year":"1957","unstructured":"St Goar\n              WT. \n          \n          Gastrointestinal symptoms in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Int Med1957;46(1):102\u2013118"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b23","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"857","article-title":"Pancreatitis a diagnostic clue to hyperparathyroidism","volume":"145","author":"Cope\n              O,","year":"1957","unstructured":"Cope\n              O, \n            \n              Culver\n              PJ, \n            \n              Mixter\n              CG, \n            \n              Nardi\n              G. \n          \n          Pancreatitis a diagnostic clue to hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg1957;145(6):857\u2013863"},{"issue":"5","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b24","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"613","article-title":"Immunoassay of bovine and human parathyroid hormone","volume":"49","author":"Berson\n              SA,","year":"1963","unstructured":"Berson\n              SA, \n            \n              Yalow\n              RS, \n            \n              Aurbach\n              GD, \n            \n              Potts\n              JR. \n          \n          Immunoassay of bovine and human parathyroid hormone. 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New York: Grune&Stratton, 1983;321\u2013340"},{"issue":"2","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b26","series-title":"J Bone Min Res","first-page":"N81","article-title":"Immunoassays for the detection of Parathyroid hormone","volume":"17","author":"Juppner\n              H,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Juppner\n              H, \n            \n              Potts\n              JT\n              Jr. \n          \n          Immunoassays for the detection of Parathyroid hormone. J Bone Min Res2002;17(2):N81\u201386"},{"issue":"5","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b27","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Parathyroid scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: 99m Tc Sestamibi SPECT and SPECT\/CT","volume":"28","author":"Eslamy\n              HK,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eslamy\n              HK, \n            \n              Ziessmann\n              H. \n          \n          Parathyroid scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: 99m Tc Sestamibi SPECT and SPECT\/CT. 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Br J Surg1982;69(5):244\u2013247"},{"issue":"2","key":"i0020-8868-99-5-528-b29","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"335","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Summary statement from the third international workshop","volume":"94","author":"Bilezikian\n              JP,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bilezikian\n              JP, \n            \n              Khan\n              AA, \n            \n              Potts\n              JT\n              Jr. \n          \n          Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Summary statement from the third international workshop. 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