{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:03:54Z","timestamp":1785323034645,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"International College of Surgeons","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>The most convenient surgical procedure for benign thyroid diseases is still controversial. The aim of this study is to determine the recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence after different thyroidectomy procedures in multinodular goiter patients. Patients were separated into two groups according to the detection of a recurrent nodule or not after thyroidectomy. Of the 748 patients, 216 (29%) had recurrence, while 532 had no recurrent nodule. The difference between surgical procedures described as subtotal (ST), near total (NT) and total thyroidectomy (TT) was statistically significant. Transient hypoparathyroidism was significantly higher in NT and TT, when compared to ST patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Young age, bilateral multinodular goiter and insufficient surgery are risk factors affecting recurrence for benign nodular thyroid disease. Currently, subtotal procedures should be discontinued and total or near total procedures should be preferred. Meanwhile, the probability of a higher risk of hypoparathyroidism should be kept in mind.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9738\/intsurg-d-13-00275.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T19:06:34Z","timestamp":1421435194000},"page":"9-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Should Subtotal Thyroidectomy Be Abandoned in Multinodular Goiter Patients From Endemic Regions Requiring Surgery?"],"prefix":"10.9738","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Tayfun","family":"Yoldas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Division Endocrine Surgery, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozer","family":"Makay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Division Endocrine Surgery, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Icoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Division Endocrine Surgery, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulten","family":"Gezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Division Endocrine Surgery, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erkan","family":"Kismali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sad\u0131k","family":"Tamsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sureyya","family":"Ozbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Division Endocrine Surgery, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahir","family":"Akyildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Division Endocrine Surgery, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4721","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b01","series-title":"J Laryngol Otolog","first-page":"231","article-title":"Tulumoglu Yanik B, Ozbey N, Salmasl\u0131oglu A, Ozarmagan S. Predictive factors for recurrent non-toxic goitre in an endemic region","volume":"121","author":"Erbil\n              Y,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erbil\n              Y, \n            \n              Bozbora\n              A, \n          \n          Tulumoglu Yanik B, Ozbey N, Salmasl\u0131oglu A, Ozarmagan S. Predictive factors for recurrent non-toxic goitre in an endemic region. J Laryngol Otolog2007;121(3):231\u2013236"},{"issue":"7","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b02","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Subtotal and near total versus total thyroidectomy in the management of multinodular goiter","volume":"32","author":"Vaiman\n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaiman\n              M, \n            \n              Nagibin\n              A, \n            \n              Hagag\n              P, \n            \n              Buyankin\n              A, \n            \n              Olevson\n              J, \n            \n              Shlamkovich\n              N. \n          \n          Subtotal and near total versus total thyroidectomy in the management of multinodular goiter. World J Surg2008;32(7):1546\u20131551"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b03","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"99","article-title":"Goiter recurrence in patients submitted to thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression: possible role of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins","volume":"127","author":"Torre\n              G,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Torre\n              G, \n            \n              Barreca\n              A, \n            \n              Borgonovo\n              G, \n            \n              Minuto\n              M, \n            \n              Ansaldo\n              GL, \n            \n              Varaldo\n              E\n            \n            et al\n          . Goiter recurrence in patients submitted to thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression: possible role of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins. Surgery2000;127(1):99\u2013103"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b04","series-title":"Ann Endocrinol","first-page":"291","article-title":"Commentary on the prevention of the recurrence by the thyroid hormone","volume":"54","author":"Barbier\n              J,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barbier\n              J, \n            \n              Kraimps\n              JL. \n          \n          Commentary on the prevention of the recurrence by the thyroid hormone. Ann Endocrinol1993;54(4):291\u2013292"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b05","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Prospective, randomized, double-blind study about effectiveness of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in prevention of recurrence after operation: result at the third year of follow-up","volume":"114","author":"Miccoli\n              P,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miccoli\n              P, \n            \n              Antonelli\n              A, \n            \n              Iacconi\n              P, \n            \n              Alberti\n              B, \n            \n              Gambuzza\n              C, \n            \n              Baschieri\n              L. \n          \n          Prospective, randomized, double-blind study about effectiveness of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in prevention of recurrence after operation: result at the third year of follow-up. Surgery1993;114(6):1097\u20131101"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b06","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"84","article-title":"Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy versus hemithyroidectomy plus subtotal resection (Dunhill Procedure) for benign goiter: long-term results of a prospective, randomized study","volume":"37","author":"Rayes\n              N,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rayes\n              N, \n            \n              Steinm\u00fcller\n              T, \n            \n              Schr\u00f6der\n              S, \n            \n              Kl\u00f6tzler\n              A, \n            \n              Bertram\n              H, \n            \n              Denecke\n              T\n            \n            et al\n          . Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy versus hemithyroidectomy plus subtotal resection (Dunhill Procedure) for benign goiter: long-term results of a prospective, randomized study. World J Surg2013;37(1):84\u201390"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b07","series-title":"Endocr J","first-page":"385","article-title":"The ongoing debate in thyroid surgery: should frozen section analysis be omitted?","volume":"54","author":"Makay\n              O,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Makay\n              O, \n            \n              Icoz\n              G, \n            \n              Gurcu\n              B, \n            \n              Ertan\n              Y, \n            \n              Tuncy\u00fcrek\n              M, \n            \n              Aky\u0131ld\u0131z\n              M\n            \n            et al\n          . The ongoing debate in thyroid surgery: should frozen section analysis be omitted?Endocr J2007;54(3):385\u2013390"},{"issue":"9","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b08","series-title":"ANZ J Surg","first-page":"761","article-title":"Total thyroidectomy: the evolution of surgical technique","volume":"73","author":"Delbridge\n              L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Delbridge\n              L. \n          \n          Total thyroidectomy: the evolution of surgical technique. ANZ J Surg2003;73(9):761\u2013768"},{"issue":"8","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b09","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"962","article-title":"Total thyroidectomy for management of thyroid disease","volume":"24","author":"Gough\n              IR,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gough\n              IR, \n            \n              Wilkinson\n              D. \n          \n          Total thyroidectomy for management of thyroid disease. 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World J Surg1988;12(4):449\u2013453"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b12","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"319","article-title":"Analysis and prevention of recurrent goiter","volume":"176","author":"Kraimps\n              JL,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kraimps\n              JL, \n            \n              Marechaud\n              R, \n            \n              Gineste\n              D, \n            \n              Fieuzal\n              S, \n            \n              Metaye\n              T, \n            \n              Carretier\n              M\n            \n            et al\n          . Analysis and prevention of recurrent goiter. 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Eur J Surg1994;160(6\u20137):351\u2013356"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b14","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Predictive factors for recurrence after thyroid lobectomy for unilateral non-toxic goiter in an endemic area: results of a multivariate analysis","volume":"136","author":"Bellantone\n              R,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bellantone\n              R, \n            \n              Lombardi\n              C, \n            \n              Boscherini\n              M, \n            \n              Raffaelli\n              M, \n            \n              Tondolo\n              V, \n            \n              Alesina\n              PF\n            \n            et al\n          . Predictive factors for recurrence after thyroid lobectomy for unilateral non-toxic goiter in an endemic area: results of a multivariate analysis. Surgery2004;136(6):1247\u20131251"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b15","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"10","article-title":"Iodide or L-thyroxine to prevent recurrent goiter in an iodine-deficient area: prospective sonographic study","volume":"21","author":"Feldkamp\n              J,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Feldkamp\n              J, \n            \n              Seppel\n              T, \n            \n              Becker\n              A, \n            \n              Klisch\n              A, \n            \n              Schlaghecke\n              R, \n            \n              Goretzki\n              PE\n            \n            et al\n          . Iodide or L-thyroxine to prevent recurrent goiter in an iodine-deficient area: prospective sonographic study. 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Int Surg2000;85(3):190\u2013193"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b18","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"479","article-title":"Secondary thyroidectomy in patients with prior surgery for benign disease: a study of 203 cases","volume":"126","author":"Menegaux\n              F,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Menegaux\n              F, \n            \n              Turpin\n              G, \n            \n              Dahman\n              M, \n            \n              Leenhardt\n              L, \n            \n              Chadarevian\n              R, \n            \n              Aurengo\n              A\n            \n            et al\n          . Secondary thyroidectomy in patients with prior surgery for benign disease: a study of 203 cases. 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World J Surg2002;26(12):1468\u20131471"},{"issue":"10","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b36","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1820","article-title":"Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease","volume":"113","author":"Friguglietti\n              CU,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friguglietti\n              CU, \n            \n              Lin\n              CS, \n            \n              Kulcsar\n              MA. \n          \n          Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Laryngoscope2003;113(10):1820\u20131826"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-9-b37","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"444","article-title":"Near-total thyroidectomy could be the best treatment for thyroid disease in endemic regions","volume":"139","author":"Acun\n              Z,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Acun\n              Z, \n            \n              Comert\n              M, \n            \n              Cihan\n              A, \n            \n              Ulukent\n              SC, \n            \n              Ucan\n              B, \n            \n              Cakmak\n              GK. \n          \n          Near-total thyroidectomy could be the best treatment for thyroid disease in endemic regions. 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