{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:13:51Z","timestamp":1792300431134,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"International College of Surgeons","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Hydatid disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> tapeworms of the family Taeniidae. The primary carriers are dogs and wolves, and humans are accidental hosts that do not contribute to the normal life cycle of this organism. The liver is the most commonly involved organ in the body by cystic echinococcosis (CE) secondary to infection with <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>. Management options for CE should depend on the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic classification. Small (&lt;5 cm) WHO stage CE1 and CE3a cysts may be primarily treated with benzimidazoles; the first-choice drug is albendazole. In some situations the combination of albendazole and praziquantel may be preferred. Chemotherapy with a benzimidazole or albendazole plus praziquantel is also used as adjunctive treatment to surgery and percutaneous treatment. Drug treatments have been the indispensable therapeutic modalities for cystic echinococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9738\/intsurg-d-14-00068.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T19:06:34Z","timestamp":1421435194000},"page":"112-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Role of Chemotherapeutic Agents in the Management of Cystic Echinococcosis"],"prefix":"10.9738","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Yasar","family":"Nazligul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Kucukazman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Akbulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4721","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b01","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"953","article-title":"Radical vs conservative surgery for hydatid liver cysts: experience from single center","volume":"16","author":"Akbulut\n              S,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akbulut\n              S, \n            \n              Senol\n              A, \n            \n              Sezgin\n              A, \n            \n              Cakabay\n              B, \n            \n              Dursun\n              M, \n            \n              Satici\n              O. \n          \n          Radical vs conservative surgery for hydatid liver cysts: experience from single center.World J Gastroenterol2010;16(8):953\u2013959"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b02","series-title":"Int Surg","first-page":"189","article-title":"Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst: report of 2 cases and review of 41 published cases","volume":"95","author":"Akbulut\n              S,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akbulut\n              S, \n            \n              Senol\n              A, \n            \n              Ekin\n              A, \n            \n              Bakir\n              S, \n            \n              Bayan\n              K, \n            \n              Dursun\n              M. \n          \n          Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst: report of 2 cases and review of 41 published cases. Int Surg2010;95(3):189\u2013196"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b03","series-title":"Int Surg","first-page":"23","article-title":"Unusual location of hydatid cysts: a case report and literature review","volume":"97","author":"Yagmur\n              Y,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yagmur\n              Y, \n            \n              Akbulut\n              S. \n          \n          Unusual location of hydatid cysts: a case report and literature review. 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Lancet Infect Dis2007;7(6):385\u2013394"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b06","series-title":"Korean J Radiol","first-page":"531","article-title":"Hydatid disease involving some rare locations in the body: a pictorial essay","volume":"8","author":"Yuksel\n              M,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yuksel\n              M, \n            \n              Demirpolat\n              G, \n            \n              Sever\n              A, \n            \n              Bakaris\n              S, \n            \n              Bulbuloglu\n              E, \n            \n              Elmas\n              N. \n          \n          Hydatid disease involving some rare locations in the body: a pictorial essay. Korean J Radiol2007;8(6):531\u2013540"},{"issue":"7","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b07","series-title":"Anadolu Kardiyol Derg","first-page":"650","article-title":"Cardiac hydatid cyst case recovered with medical treatment","volume":"11","author":"Tekin\n              R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tekin\n              R, \n            \n              Kara\n              AF, \n            \n              Tekin\n              RC, \n            \n              Cimen\n              D. \n          \n          Cardiac hydatid cyst case recovered with medical treatment. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg2011;11(7):650\u2013651"},{"issue":"16","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b08","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"2633","article-title":"A rare case: spontaneous cutaneous fistula of infected splenic hydatid cyst","volume":"12","author":"Kismet\n              K,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kismet\n              K, \n            \n              Ozcan\n              AH, \n            \n              Sabuncuoglu\n              MZ, \n            \n              Gencay\n              C, \n            \n              Kilicoglu\n              B, \n            \n              Turan\n              C. \n          \n          A rare case: spontaneous cutaneous fistula of infected splenic hydatid cyst. World J Gastroenterol2006;12(16):2633\u20132635"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b09","series-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol","first-page":"430","article-title":"Naseer Al Sayari K. Hydatid cyst of the pancreas: a case report and brief review","volume":"22","author":"Masoodi\n              MI,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Masoodi\n              MI, \n            \n              Nabi\n              G, \n            \n              Kumar\n              R, \n            \n              Lone\n              MA, \n            \n              Khan\n              BA, \n          \n          Naseer Al Sayari K. Hydatid cyst of the pancreas: a case report and brief review. Turk J Gastroenterol2011;22(4):430\u2013432"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b10","series-title":"Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi","first-page":"173","article-title":"Hydatid cyst involvement of shoulder and deltoid muscle: a case report [in Turkish]","volume":"23","author":"Ozdemir\n              G,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ozdemir\n              G, \n            \n              Zehir\n              S, \n            \n              Ozdemir\n              BA, \n            \n              Sipahio\u011flu\n              S, \n            \n              Severge\n              U. \n          \n          Hydatid cyst involvement of shoulder and deltoid muscle: a case report [in Turkish]. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi2012;23(3):173\u2013176"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b11","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans","volume":"114","author":"Brunetti\n              E,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brunetti\n              E, \n            \n              Kern\n              P, \n            \n              Vuitton\n              DA; \n          \n          Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop2010;114(1):1\u201316"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b12","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"231","article-title":"Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans: WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis","volume":"74","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans: WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis. 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Acta Trop2003;85(2):253\u2013261"},{"issue":"9","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e524","article-title":"Treatment response of cystic echinococcosis to benzimidazoles: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Stojkovic\n              M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stojkovic\n              M, \n            \n              Zwahlen\n              M, \n            \n              Teggi\n              A, \n            \n              Vutova\n              K, \n            \n              Cretu\n              CM, \n            \n              Virdone\n              R. \n          \n          Treatment response of cystic echinococcosis to benzimidazoles: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis2009;3(9):e524"},{"issue":"7","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b15","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"649","article-title":"The types and timing of the degenerative changes seen in the cysts during and after benzimidazole treatment of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"99","author":"Todorov\n              T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Todorov\n              T, \n            \n              Vutova\n              K, \n            \n              Donev\n              S, \n            \n              Ivanov\n              A, \n            \n              Katzarov\n              K, \n            \n              Takov\n              D. \n          \n          The types and timing of the degenerative changes seen in the cysts during and after benzimidazole treatment of cystic echinococcosis. 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J Clin Gastroenterol2007;41(3):312\u2013316"},{"issue":"13","key":"i0020-8868-100-1-112-b18","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1448","article-title":"Hepatic echinococcosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects","volume":"18","author":"Nunnari\n              G,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nunnari\n              G, \n            \n              Pinzone\n              MR, \n            \n              Gruttadauria\n              S, \n            \n              Celesia\n              BM, \n            \n              Madeddu\n              G, \n            \n              Malaguarnera\n              G. \n          \n          Hepatic echinococcosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. 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