{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:44:09Z","timestamp":1773931449925,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"International College of Surgeons","issue":"5-6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the histopathologic effects of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-carnitine (LC) in an experimental severe pancreatitis (SP) model induced with sodium taurocholate. LC is an amino acid\u2013like molecule that plays an active role in transporting fatty acids and producing acetyl CoA in mitochondrial matrix for \u03b2-oxidation to provide energy that is needed for metabolism. It has ameliorative effects on cell injury, as has been demonstrated in many studies. The present study focuses on evaluating the histopathologic effects of LC in an experimental SP model. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups in a randomized fashion: control (C) group, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-carnitine (LC) group, pancreatitis (P) group, and pancreatitis and <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-carnitine (P + LC) group. Pancreatitis was induced by a retrograde pancreatic duct injection of 4% sodium taurocholate, and LC was administered 200 mg\/kg\/d in the treatment group. Rats were euthanized with cardiac puncture under anesthesia at the 48th hour of the experiment for biochemical and histopathologic examination. In the P + LC group, the histopathologic findings of the pancreatitis were markedly reduced. Acinar cell degeneration was rarely seen. Interlobular and intralobular inflammation and edema was generally mild. The pancreatic damage score of the P + LC group was significantly lower than that of the P group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). This study revealed that LC has a significant histopathologic protective effect on acinar cell degeneration in a sodium taurocholate\u2013induced SP model in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9738\/intsurg-d-16-00058.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T16:29:29Z","timestamp":1461774569000},"page":"241-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Histopathologic Effects of l-Carnitine in a Sodium Taurocholate\u2013Induced Severe Pancreatitis Model"],"prefix":"10.9738","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Murat","family":"Karakahya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, In\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevil","family":"I\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Medical Park Hospital, Ordu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cemalettin","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, In\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birg\u00fcl","family":"Yi\u011fitcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, In\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emrah","family":"Otan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, In\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orug","family":"Taner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4721","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b01","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2142","article-title":"Clinical practice: acute pancreatitis","volume":"354","author":"Whitcomb \n              DC.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whitcomb \n              DC. \n            \n          \n          Clinical practice: acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med2006;354(20):2142\u20132150"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b02","series-title":"Gastrointest Interv","first-page":"36","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis and its complications","volume":"2","author":"Dupuis \n              C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dupuis \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Baptista \n              V, \n            \n            \n              Whalen \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Karam \n              RA, \n            \n            \n              Singh \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Wassef \n              W\n            \n            et al. \n          Diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis and its complications. Gastrointest Interv2013;2(1):36\u201346"},{"issue":"2","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b03","series-title":"Medicine","first-page":"108","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis","volume":"39","author":"Baddeley \n              RNB,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baddeley \n              RNB, \n            \n            \n              Skipworth \n              JRA, \n            \n            \n              Pereira \n              SP. \n            \n          \n          Acute pancreatitis. Medicine2011;39(2):108\u2013115"},{"issue":"8","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b04","series-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Role of early multisystem organ failure as major risk factor for pancreatic infections and death in severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"4","author":"Rau \n              BM,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rau \n              BM, \n            \n            \n              Bothe \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Kron \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Beger \n              HG. \n            \n          \n          Role of early multisystem organ failure as major risk factor for pancreatic infections and death in severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2006;4(8):1053\u20131561"},{"key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b05","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"219","article-title":"Association between mitochondrial dysfunction and severity and outcome of septic shock","volume":"360","author":"Brealey \n              D,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brealey \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Brand \n              MD, \n            \n            \n              Hargreaves \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Heales \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Land \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Smolenski \n              R\n            \n            et al. \n          Association between mitochondrial dysfunction and severity and outcome of septic shock. Lancet2002;360:219\u2013223"},{"issue":"5","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b06","series-title":"HPB (Oxford)","first-page":"332","article-title":"Early organ-specific mitochondrial dysfunction of jejunum and lung found in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis","volume":"13","author":"Mittal \n              A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mittal \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Hickey \n              AJ, \n            \n            \n              Chai \n              CC, \n            \n            \n              Loveday \n              BP, \n            \n            \n              Thompson \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Dare \n              A\n            \n            et al. \n          Early organ-specific mitochondrial dysfunction of jejunum and lung found in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. HPB (Oxford)2011;13(5):332\u2013341"},{"issue":"11","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b07","series-title":"Free Radic Biol Med","first-page":"1517","article-title":"A systematic review of experimental treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Dare \n              AJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dare \n              AJ, \n            \n            \n              Phillips \n              AR, \n            \n            \n              Hickey \n              AJ, \n            \n            \n              Mittal \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Loveday \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Thompson \n              N\n            \n            et al. \n          A systematic review of experimental treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med2009;47(11):1517\u20131525"},{"key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b08","series-title":"Mediators Inflamm","first-page":"901780","article-title":"Effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone in murine acute pancreatitis","volume":"2015","author":"Huang \n              W,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang \n              W, \n            \n            \n              Cash \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Wen \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Szatmary \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Mukherjee \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Armstrong \n              J\n            \n            et al. \n          Effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone in murine acute pancreatitis. Mediators Inflamm2015;2015:901780"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b09","series-title":"Drugs Exp Clin Res","first-page":"27","article-title":"Carnitine protects mitocondria and removes toxic acyls from xenobiotics","volume":"27","author":"Arrigoni-Martelli \n              E,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arrigoni-Martelli \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Caso \n              V. \n            \n          \n          Carnitine protects mitocondria and removes toxic acyls from xenobiotics. Drugs Exp Clin Res2001;27(1):27\u201349"},{"issue":"8","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b10","series-title":"Biochem Pharmacol","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Role of long chain fatty acids and carnitine in mitochondrial membrane permeability transition","volume":"62","author":"Furuno \n              T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Furuno \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Kanno \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Arita \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Asami \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Utsumi \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Doi \n              Y\n            \n            et al. \n          Role of long chain fatty acids and carnitine in mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. Biochem Pharmacol2001;62(8):1037\u20131046"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b11","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"1870","article-title":"Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress","volume":"99","author":"Hagen \n              TM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hagen \n              TM, \n            \n            \n              Liu \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Lykkesfeldt \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Wehr \n              CM, \n            \n            \n              Ingersoll \n              RT, \n            \n            \n              Vinarsky \n              V\n            \n            et al. \n          Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2002;99(4):1870\u20131875"},{"issue":"10","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b12","series-title":"Clin Chem","first-page":"2005","article-title":"Development of a direct assay for alpha-amylase","volume":"34","author":"Winn-Deen \n              ES,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Winn-Deen \n              ES, \n            \n            \n              David \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Sigler \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Chavez \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Development of a direct assay for alpha-amylase. Clin Chem1988;34(10):2005\u20132008"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b13","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"44","article-title":"A better model of acute pancreatitis for evaluating therapy","volume":"215","author":"Schmidt \n              J,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schmidt \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Rattner \n              DW, \n            \n            \n              Lewandroski \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Compton \n              CC, \n            \n            \n              Mandavilli \n              U, \n            \n            \n              Knoefel \n              WT\n            \n            et al. \n          A better model of acute pancreatitis for evaluating therapy. Ann Surg1992;215(1):44\u201356"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b14","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1252","article-title":"The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer","volume":"144","author":"Yadav \n              D,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yadav \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Lowenfels \n              AB. \n            \n          \n          The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology2013;144(6):1252\u20131261"},{"issue":"9","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b15","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1400","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis","volume":"108","author":"Tenner \n              S,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tenner \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Baillie \n              J, \n            \n            \n              DeWitt \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Vege \n              SS. \n            \n          \n          American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol2013;108(9):1400\u20131415"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b16","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"102","article-title":"Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group. Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus","volume":"62","author":"Banks \n              PA,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banks \n              PA, \n            \n            \n              Bollen \n              TL, \n            \n            \n              Dervenis \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Gooszen \n              HG, \n            \n            \n              Johnson \n              CD, \n            \n            \n              Sarr \n              MG\n            \n            et al. \n          Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group. Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut2013;62(1):102\u2013111"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b17","series-title":"Pancreas","first-page":"274","article-title":"Early severe acute pancreatitis: characteristics of a new subgroup","volume":"22","author":"Isenmann \n              R,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Isenmann \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Rau \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Beger \n              HG. \n            \n          \n          Early severe acute pancreatitis: characteristics of a new subgroup. Pancreas2001;22(3):274\u2013278"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b18","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"919","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and management of patients with early acute severe pancreatitis: experience from a medical center in China","volume":"10","author":"Tao \n              HQ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tao \n              HQ, \n            \n            \n              Zhang \n              JX, \n            \n            \n              Zou \n              SC. \n            \n          \n          Clinical characteristics and management of patients with early acute severe pancreatitis: experience from a medical center in China. World J Gastroenterol2004;10(6):919\u2013921"},{"issue":"4","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b19","series-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol","first-page":"411","article-title":"Experimental pancreatitis in the rat: sodium taurocholate-induced acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis","volume":"15","author":"Aho \n              HJ,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Aho \n              HJ, \n            \n            \n              Koskensalo \n              SM, \n            \n            \n              Nevalainen \n              TJ. \n            \n          \n          Experimental pancreatitis in the rat: sodium taurocholate-induced acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol1980;15(4):411\u2013416"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b20","series-title":"J Nutr","first-page":"467","article-title":"Effects of injecting excess arginine on rat pancreas","volume":"114","author":"Mizunuma \n              T,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mizunuma \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Kawamura \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Kishino \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Effects of injecting excess arginine on rat pancreas. J Nutr1984;114(3):467\u2013471"},{"issue":"5","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b21","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","first-page":"1290","article-title":"Investigation of protective effect of L-carnitine on L-asparaginase-induced acute pancreatic injury in male Balb\/c mice","volume":"60","author":"Kaya \n              I,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaya \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Citil \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Sozmen \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Karapehlivan \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Cigsar \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Investigation of protective effect of L-carnitine on L-asparaginase-induced acute pancreatic injury in male Balb\/c mice. Dig Dis Sci2015;60(5):1290\u20131296"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b22","series-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol","first-page":"30","article-title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"105","author":"Arafa \n              HM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arafa \n              HM, \n            \n            \n              Hemeida \n              RA, \n            \n            \n              Hassan \n              MI, \n            \n            \n              Abdel-Wahab \n              MH, \n            \n            \n              Badary \n              OA, \n            \n            \n              Hamada \n              FM. \n            \n          \n          Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol2009;105(1):30\u201336"},{"issue":"45","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b23","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"5732","article-title":"A simple taurocholate-induced model of severe acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"15","author":"Liu \n              ZH,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu \n              ZH, \n            \n            \n              Peng \n              JS, \n            \n            \n              Li \n              CJ, \n            \n            \n              Yang \n              ZL, \n            \n            \n              Xiang \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Song \n              H\n            \n            et al. \n          A simple taurocholate-induced model of severe acute pancreatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol2009;15(45):5732\u20135739"},{"key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b24","series-title":"Shanghai Shiyan Dongwu Kexue","first-page":"23","article-title":"A model of acute hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis in rats","volume":"22","author":"Wang \n              DS,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang \n              DS, \n            \n            \n              Jin \n              DY, \n            \n            \n              Wu \n              ZH, \n            \n            \n              Yang \n              YM. \n            \n          \n          A model of acute hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Shanghai Shiyan Dongwu Kexue2002;22:23\u201326"},{"issue":"12","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b25","series-title":"Metabolism","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of absorption and degradation of a carnitine supplement by human adults","volume":"40","author":"Rebouche \n              CJ.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rebouche \n              CJ. \n            \n          \n          Quantitative estimation of absorption and degradation of a carnitine supplement by human adults. Metabolism1991;40(12):1305\u20131310."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b26","series-title":"Pancreatology","first-page":"216","article-title":"Experimental acute pancreatitis induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat pancreas, kidney and lungs but not in liver","volume":"13","author":"Trumbeckaite \n              S,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trumbeckaite \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Kuliaviene \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Deduchovas \n              O, \n            \n            \n              Kincius \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Baniene \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Virketyte \n              S\n            \n            et al. \n          Experimental acute pancreatitis induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat pancreas, kidney and lungs but not in liver. Pancreatology2013;13(3):216\u2013224"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b27","series-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol","first-page":"51","article-title":"The protective effect of L-carnitine on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"24","author":"Cek\u0131n \n              AH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cek\u0131n \n              AH, \n            \n            \n              G\u00fcr \n              G, \n            \n            \n              T\u00fcrko\u011flu \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Aldem\u0131r \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Yilmaz \n              U, \n            \n            \n              G\u00fcrsoy \n              M\n            \n            et al. \n          The protective effect of L-carnitine on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Turk J Gastroenterol2013;24(1):51\u201356"},{"issue":"1","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b28","series-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp","first-page":"32","article-title":"The effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in an experimental warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury model","volume":"68","author":"Canbaz \n              H,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Canbaz \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Akca \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Tataroglu \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Caglikulekci \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Dirlik \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Ayaz \n              L\n            \n            et al. \n          The effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in an experimental warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp2007;68(1):32\u201346"},{"issue":"6","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b29","series-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev","first-page":"428","article-title":"Doxorubicin toxicity can be ameliorated during antioxidant L-carnitine supplementation","volume":"3","author":"Alshabanah \n              OA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alshabanah \n              OA, \n            \n            \n              Hafez \n              MM, \n            \n            \n              Al-Harbi \n              MM, \n            \n            \n              Hassan \n              ZK, \n            \n            \n              Al Rejaie \n              SS, \n            \n            \n              Asiri \n              YA\n            \n            et al. \n          Doxorubicin toxicity can be ameliorated during antioxidant L-carnitine supplementation. Oxid Med Cell Longev2010;3(6):428\u2013433"},{"key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b30","series-title":"In: Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. The Mouse in Biomedical Research. Vol 3. 2nd ed","first-page":"637","article-title":"Mouse models in aging research","author":"Flurkey \n              K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Flurkey \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Currer \n              JM, \n            \n            \n              Harrison \n              DE\n            \n          . Mouse models in aging research. In: Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. The Mouse in Biomedical Research. Vol 3. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2007:637\u2013672"},{"issue":"3","key":"i0020-8868-101-5-241-b31","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"278","article-title":"Newer concept for the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis","volume":"68","author":"Bordalo \n              O,","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bordalo \n              O, \n            \n            \n              Goncalves \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Noronha \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Cristina \n              ML, \n            \n            \n              Salgadinho \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Dreiling \n              DA. \n            \n          \n          Newer concept for the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol1977;68(3):278\u2013285"}],"container-title":["International Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/insu\/101\/5-6\/article-p241.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/international-surgery\/article-pdf\/101\/5-6\/241\/2204846\/intsurg-d-16-00058_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/insu\/101\/5-6\/article-p241.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/insu\/101\/5-6\/article-p241.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T19:08:09Z","timestamp":1751483289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/international-surgery.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/insu\/101\/5-6\/article-p241.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9738\/intsurg-d-16-00058.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8868","2520-2456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8868","type":"print"},{"value":"2520-2456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}