{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:22:27Z","timestamp":1783574547674,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> A personality disorder is a pervasive and enduring pattern of behaviors that impacts an individual's social, occupational, and overall functioning. Specifically, the cluster A personality disorders include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Patients with cluster A personality disorders tend to be isolative and avoid relationships. The quality of life may also be reduced in these individuals, which provokes the question of how to treat patients with these personality disorders. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature for pharmacologic treatments for the cluster A personality disorders.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A Medline\/PubMed and Ovid search was conducted to identify literature on the psychopharmacology of paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. There were no exclusions in terms of time frame from article publication or country of publication, in order to provide a comprehensive analysis; however, only articles that contained information on the cluster A disorders were included.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Minimal evidence regarding pharmacotherapy in paranoid and schizoid personality disorders was found. Literature was available for pharmacologic treatment of schizotypal personality disorder. Studies evaluating the use of olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, fluoxetine, and thiothixene did yield beneficial results; however, treatment with such agents should be considered on a case-by-case basis.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> Most of the literature analyzed in this review presented theoretical ideas of what may constitute the neurobiologic factors of personality and what treatments may address these aspects. Further research is needed to evaluate specific pharmacologic treatment in the cluster A personality disorders. At this time, treatment with pharmacologic agents is based on theory rather than evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2016.03.75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T21:20:31Z","timestamp":1456867231000},"page":"75-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Review of pharmacologic treatment in cluster A personality disorders"],"prefix":"10.9740","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jessa","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PGY-2 Psychiatric Pharmacy Resident, Chillicothe VA Medical Center, Chillicothe, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Modesitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGY-1 Pharmacy Practice Resident, Chillicothe VA Medical Center, Chillicothe, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGY-1 Pharmacy Practice Resident, Chillicothe VA Medical Center, Chillicothe, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGY-2 Psychiatric Pharmacy Resident, Chillicothe VA Medical Center, Chillicothe, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobbie","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in Psychiatry, Chillicothe VA Medical Center, Chillicothe, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robby","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff Psychiatrist, Chillicothe VA Medical Center, Chillicothe, Ohio; Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(Corresponding author) Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in Psychiatry, PGY-1 and PGY-2 Residency Program Director, Chillicothe VA Medical Center, Chillicothe, Ohio, cthcal@aol.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4719","reference":[{"key":"i2168-9709-6-2-75-b01","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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