{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:48:53Z","timestamp":1780609733983,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Acute agitation and aggression create safety risks for both patients and staff, often leading to psychiatric emergencies. Quick and appropriate treatment is necessary to achieve safe and effective outcomes. Unfortunately, there are several factors that hinder timely interventions, such as medication shortages and delay in staff preparedness. Ultimately, the goal of managing acute agitation and aggression in the clinical setting is to de-escalate the situation and prevent harm to patients and staff. This article will explore useful interventions in realizing treatment goals for the management of agitation and aggression in adults while navigating limitations faced in practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2021.11.334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T21:35:54Z","timestamp":1636407354000},"page":"334-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Managing acute agitation and aggression in the world of drug shortages"],"prefix":"10.9740","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1010-2970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4719","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association.\n          Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tWashington:\n\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Psychiatric Association;2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts\n              J,\n            \n          \n          Gracia Canales A, Blanthorn-Hazell S, Craciun Boldeanu A, Judge D. 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Available from: https:\/\/online.lexi.com\/lco\/action\/home"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veser\n              FH,\n            \n            \n              Veser\n              BD,\n            \n            \n              McMullan\n              JT,\n            \n            \n              Zealberg\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Currier\n              GW.\n            \n          \n          Risperidone versus haloperidol, in combination with lorazepam, in the treatment of acute agitation and psychosis: a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Psychiatr Pract.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t12(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t103-\n\t\t\t\t\t8.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1097\/00131746-200603000-00005. PubMed PMID: 16728906.","DOI":"10.1097\/00131746-200603000-00005"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villari\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Rocca\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Fonzo\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Montemagni\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Pandullo\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Bogetto\n              F.\n            \n          \n          Oral risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine versus haloperidol in psychotic agitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t405-\n\t\t\t\t\t13.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.09.007. PubMed PMID: 17900775.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.09.007"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinon\n              BJ,\n            \n            \n              Stauffer\n              VL,\n            \n            \n              Kollack-Walker\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Sniadecki\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Olanzapine versus aripiprazole for the treatment of agitation in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Psychopharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t601-\n\t\t\t\t\t7.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31818aaf6c. PubMed PMID: 19011427.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31818aaf6c"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinon\n              BJ,\n            \n            \n              Ahl\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Rotelli\n              MD,\n            \n            \n              McMullen\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Efficacy of accelerated dose titration of olanzapine with adjunctive lorazepam to treat acute agitation in schizophrenia.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t22(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t181-\n\t\t\t\t\t6.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.02.021. PubMed PMID: 15138953.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.02.021"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratts\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Citrome\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Grant\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Leso\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Opler\n              LA.\n            \n          \n          A single-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingual asenapine for acute agitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Psychiatr Scand.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t130(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t61-\n\t\t\t\t\t8.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1111\/acps.12262. PubMed PMID: 24606117.","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12262"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatta\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Kawabata\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Yoshida\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Hamakawa\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Wakejima\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Furuta\n              K,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Olanzapine orally disintegrating tablet vs. risperidone oral solution in the treatment of acutely agitated psychotic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tGen Hosp Psychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t30(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t367-\n\t\t\t\t\t71.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.03.004. PubMed PMID: 18585542.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.03.004"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Normann\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Schmau\u00df\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Bakri\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Gerwe\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Schreiner\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Initial treatment of severe acute psychosis with fast orally disintegrating risperidone tablets.\n\t\t\t\t\tPharmacopsychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t209-\n\t\t\t\t\t12.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1055\/s-2006-950498. PubMed PMID: 17124642.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-950498"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b45","unstructured":"Lenox\n              RH,\n            \n            \n              Newhouse\n              PA,\n            \n            \n              Creelman\n              WL,\n            \n            \n              Whitaker\n              TM.\n            \n          \n          Adjunctive treatment of manic agitation with lorazepam versus haloperidol: a double-blind study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Psychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t53(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t47-\n\t\t\t\t\t52.\n\t\t\t\t\tPubMed PMID: 1541605."},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b46","unstructured":"Salzman\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Solomon\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Miyawaki\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Glassman\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Rood\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Flowers\n              E,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Parenteral lorazepam versus parenteral haloperidol for the control of psychotic disruptive behavior.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Psychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t1991;\n\t\t\t\t\t52(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t177-\n\t\t\t\t\t80.\n\t\t\t\t\tPubMed PMID: 1673123."},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobay\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Simon\n              BC,\n            \n            \n              Levitt\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Dresden\n              GM.\n            \n          \n          A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of midazolam versus haloperidol versus lorazepam in the chemical restraint of violent and severely agitated patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAcad Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t11(7):\n\t\t\t\t\t744-\n\t\t\t\t\t9.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1197\/j.aem.2003.06.015. PubMed PMID: 15231461.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2004.tb00738.x"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattson\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Friend\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Brown\n              CS,\n            \n            \n              Cabrera\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Reintegrating droperidol into emergency medicine practice.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Health Syst Pharm.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t77(22):\n\t\t\t\t\t1838-\n\t\t\t\t\t45.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa271. PubMed PMID: 32839811.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa271"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calver\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Page\n              CB,\n            \n            \n              Downes\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Chan\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Kinnear\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Wheatley\n              L,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          The safety and effectiveness of droperidol for sedation of acute behavioral disturbance in the emergency department.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t66(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t230-\n\t\t\t\t\t8.e1.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.016. PubMed PMID: 25890395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.016"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calver\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Drinkwater\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Gupta\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Page\n              CB,\n            \n            \n              Isbister\n              GK.\n            \n          \n          Droperidol v. haloperidol for sedation of aggressive behaviour in acute mental health: randomised controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Psychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t206(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t223-\n\t\t\t\t\t8.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.150227. PubMed PMID: 25395689.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.150227"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khokhar\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Rathbone\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Droperidol for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tCochrane Database Syst Rev.2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t12(12):CD002830.DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD002830.pub3. 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PubMed PMID: 11401000.","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000658"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brook\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Lucey\n              JV,\n            \n            \n              Gunn\n              KP.\n            \n          \n          Intramuscular ziprasidone compared with intramuscular haloperidol in the treatment of acute psychosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tZiprasidone I.M. study group. J Clin Psychiatry.2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t61(12):\n\t\t\t\t\t933-\n\t\t\t\t\t41.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.4088\/jcp.v61n1208. PubMed PMID: 11206599.","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n1208"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brook\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Walden\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Benattia\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Siu\n              CO,\n            \n            \n              Romano\n              SJ.\n            \n          \n          Ziprasidone and haloperidol in the treatment of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: comparison of intramuscular and oral formulations in a 6-week, randomized, blinded-assessment study.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychopharmacology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t178(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t514-\n\t\t\t\t\t23.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1007\/s00213-004-2082-5. PubMed PMID: 15650846.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2082-5"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Zhao\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Xie\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Xu\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Shi\n              J,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Intramuscular ziprasidone versus haloperidol for managing agitation in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Psychopharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t33(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t178-\n\t\t\t\t\t85.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182839612. 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PubMed PMID: 27885664.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005146.pub3"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raveendran\n              NS,\n            \n            \n              Tharyan\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Alexander\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Adams\n              CE.\n            \n          \n          Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMJ.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t335(7625):\n\t\t\t\t\t865.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1136\/bmj.39341.608519.BE. 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PubMed PMID: 20633750.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.04.005"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacDonald\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Wilson\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Minassian\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Vilke\n              GM,\n            \n            \n              Becker\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Tallian\n              K,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          A naturalistic study of intramuscular haloperidol versus intramuscular olanzapine for the management of acute agitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Psychopharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t317-\n\t\t\t\t\t22.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318253a2fe. PubMed PMID: 22544013.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318253a2fe"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung\n              JG,\n            \n            \n              Benedetti\n              AM,\n            \n            \n              Frazee\n              LA,\n            \n            \n              Myers\n              N.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of short-acting intramuscular antipsychotic medication: impact on length of stay and cost.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t300-\n\t\t\t\t\t4.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3181d48320. 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PubMed PMID: 26720055.","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12842"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cole\n              JB,\n            \n            \n              Moore\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Dolan\n              BJ,\n            \n            \n              O'Brien-Lambert\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Fryza\n              BJ,\n            \n            \n              Miner\n              JR,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          A prospective observational study of patients receiving intravenous and intramuscular olanzapine in the emergency department.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t69(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t327-\n\t\t\t\t\t36.e2.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2016.08.008. PubMed PMID: 27823873.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2016.08.008"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen\n              MH,\n            \n            \n              Feifel\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Lesem\n              MD,\n            \n            \n              Zimbroff\n              DL,\n            \n            \n              Ross\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Munzar\n              P,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Efficacy and safety of loxapine for inhalation in the treatment of agitation in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Psychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t72(10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1313-\n\t\t\t\t\t21.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.4088\/JCP.10m06011yel. PubMed PMID: 21294997.","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06011yel"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"San\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Estrada\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Oudovenko\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Monta\u00f1\u00e9s\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Dobrovolskaya\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Bukhanovskaya\n              O,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          PLACID study: a randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of inhaled loxapine versus intramuscular aripiprazole in acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Neuropsychopharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t710-\n\t\t\t\t\t8.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.03.010. PubMed PMID: 29724638.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.03.010"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foster\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Kessel\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Berman\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Simpson\n              GM.\n            \n          \n          Efficacy of lorazepam and haloperidol for rapid tranquilization in a psychiatric emergency room setting.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Clin Psychopharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t12(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t175-\n\t\t\t\t\t80.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1097\/00004850-199705000-00009. 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PubMed PMID: 16282517.","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.07.017"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knott\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              DM,\n            \n            \n              Castle\n              DJ.\n            \n          \n          Randomized clinical trial comparing intravenous midazolam and droperidol for sedation of the acutely agitated patient in the emergency department.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t47(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t61-\n\t\t\t\t\t7.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.07.003. PubMed PMID: 16387219.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.07.003"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan\n              EW,\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              DM,\n            \n            \n              Knott\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Phillips\n              GA,\n            \n            \n              Castle\n              DJ,\n            \n            \n              Kong\n              DCM.\n            \n          \n          Intravenous droperidol or olanzapine as an adjunct to midazolam for the acutely agitated patient: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t61(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t72-\n\t\t\t\t\t81.\n\t\t\t\t\tDOI: 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.07.118. 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PubMed PMID: 28335913.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.01.036"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b85","unstructured":"ASHP.org\n          [Internet].\n\t\t\t\t\tBethesda (MD): American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; c2021 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ashp.org\/Drug-Shortages\/Current-Shortages\/Drug-Shortages-List?page=CurrentShortages&loginreturnUrl=SSOCheckOnly"},{"key":"2021110821353259700_i2168-9709-11-6-334-b86","unstructured":"FDA.gov\n          [Internet].\n\t\t\t\t\tSilver Spring (MD): FDA; c2021 [updated 2021 Jun 28; cited 2021 Feb 23].Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/drugshortages\/default.cfm"}],"container-title":["Mental Health Clinician"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/mhc\/article-pdf\/11\/6\/334\/2955422\/i2168-9709-11-6-334.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/mhc\/article-pdf\/11\/6\/334\/2955422\/i2168-9709-11-6-334.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T16:23:40Z","timestamp":1731687820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhc.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/mhcl\/11\/6\/article-p334.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9740\/mhc.2021.11.334","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-9709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-9709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}}}