{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T01:10:14Z","timestamp":1732065014953,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Since 2017, Fulton State Hospital (FSH) has implemented a clozapine-induced constipation protocol. In March 2020, FSH initiated unit quarantines to minimize the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of these quarantines on medical referrals for constipation, the Bristol Stool Chart ratings, utilization of as-needed (PRN) laxatives, and adherence rates with scheduled constipation medication regimens.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Patients on the clozapine-induced constipation protocol from May 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, were included, with 10-month pre- and mid-quarantine implementation. Data collected included patient demographics, primary psychiatric diagnosis, and outcome variables. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were performed.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A total of 31 patients were included. Most were male (93.5%), with a median age of 40 years. The most common primary diagnosis was schizophrenia. Compared with the pre-quarantine implementation period, there were fewer medical referral contacts per person, less use of PRN laxatives, and slightly lower adherence rates to scheduled constipation medication regimens during the mid-quarantine implementation period.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Compared with the pre-quarantine implementation period, there were fewer medical referrals per person during the mid-quarantine implementation period.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2024.02.068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T11:12:30Z","timestamp":1707390750000},"page":"68-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 quarantines on clozapine-induced constipation: Experience of utilizing a clozapine-induced constipation protocol at a state forensic psychiatric facility"],"prefix":"10.9740","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bridgette M.","family":"Gleisner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Operational Pharmacist, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusettes"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. Greg","family":"Deardorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Manager, Department of Pharmacy, Fulton State Hospital, Fulton, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan G.","family":"Trout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Fulton State Hospital, Fulton, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Fulton State Hospital, Fulton, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger W.","family":"Sommi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, University of Missouri \u2013 Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels C.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4719","reference":[{"issue":"(8)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b01","series-title":"Molecules","first-page":"2087","article-title":"Current concepts and treatments of schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"St\u0119pnicki","year":"2018","unstructured":"St\u0119pnicki\n              P\n            ,\nKondejM,\nKaczorAA.\n          Current concepts and treatments of schizophrenia.\nMolecules.\n2018;\n23(8):\n2087.\nDOI: 10.3390\/molecules23082087"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b02","series-title":"Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses","first-page":"134","article-title":"Clozapine: balancing safety with superior antipsychotic 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Scand","first-page":"281","article-title":"Clozapine as a first- or second-line treatment in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Okhuijsen-Pfeifer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okhuijsen-Pfeifer\n              C\n            ,\nHuijsmanEAH,\nHasanA,\nSommerIEC,\nLeuchtS,\nKahnRS,\net al.\n          Clozapine as a first- or second-line treatment in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\nActa Psychiatr Scand.\n2018;\n138(4):\n281\u2013\n8.\nDOI: 10.1111\/acps.12954"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b05","series-title":"EBioMedicine","first-page":"125","article-title":"Clozapine-treated patients have marked gastrointestinal hypomotility, the probable basis of life-threatening gastrointestinal complications: a cross sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Every-Palmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Every-Palmer\n              S\n            ,\nNowitzM,\nStanleyJ,\nGrantE,\nHuthwaiteM,\nDunnH,\net al.\n          Clozapine-treated patients have marked gastrointestinal hypomotility, the probable basis of life-threatening gastrointestinal complications: a cross sectional study.\nEBioMedicine.\n2016;\n5:\n125\u2013\n34.\nDOI: 10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.020"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b06","series-title":"IJMS","first-page":"863","article-title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Clozapine-Associated Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Shirazi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shirazi\n              A\n            ,\nStubbsB,\nGomezL,\nMooreS,\nGaughranF,\nFlanaganR,\net al.\n          Prevalence and Predictors of Clozapine-Associated Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.\nIJMS.\n2016;\n17(6):\n863.\nDOI: 10.3390\/ijms17060863"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b07","series-title":"Psychosomatics","first-page":"71","article-title":"Death from clozapine-induced constipation: case report and literature review","volume":"43","author":"Levin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levin\n              TT\n            ,\nBarrettJ,\nMendelowitzA.\n          Death from clozapine-induced constipation: case report and literature review.\nPsychosomatics.\n2002;\n43(1):\n71\u2013\n3.\nDOI: 10.1176\/appi.psy.43.1.71"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b08","series-title":"J Clin Psychiatry","first-page":"759","article-title":"Life-threatening clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility: an analysis of 102 cases","volume":"69","author":"Palmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palmer\n              SE\n            ,\nMcLeanRM,\nEllisPM,\nHarrison-WoolrychM.\n          Life-threatening clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility: an analysis of 102 cases.\nJ Clin Psychiatry.\n2008;\n69(5):\n759\u2013\n68. PubMed PMID: 18452342"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b09","series-title":"Psychosomatics","first-page":"416","article-title":"Fatalities associated with clozapine-related constipation and bowel obstruction: a literature review and two case reports","volume":"50","author":"Hibbard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hibbard\n              KR\n            ,\nPropstA,\nFrankDE,\nWyseJ.\n          Fatalities associated with clozapine-related constipation and bowel obstruction: a literature review and two case reports.\nPsychosomatics.\n2009;\n50(4):\n416\u2013\n9.\nDOI: 10.1176\/appi.psy.50.4.416"},{"issue":"(1-3)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b10","series-title":"Forensic Sci Int","first-page":"e31","article-title":"Gastrointestinal hypomotility: An under-recognised life-threatening adverse effect of clozapine","volume":"206","author":"Flanagan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Flanagan\n              RJ\n            ,\nBallRY.\n          Gastrointestinal hypomotility: An under-recognised life-threatening adverse effect of clozapine.\nForensic Sci Int.\n2011;\n206(1-3):\ne31\u2013\ne36.\nDOI: 10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.07.021"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b11","series-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","first-page":"592","article-title":"Risk factors for ileus in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nielsen\n              J\n            ,\nMeyerJM.\n          Risk factors for ileus in patients with schizophrenia.\nSchizophrenia Bulletin.\n2012;\n38(3):\n592\u2013\n8.\nDOI: 10.1093\/schbul\/sbq137"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b12","series-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry","first-page":"32","article-title":"Clozapine induced gastrointestinal hypomotility: A potentially life threatening adverse event. A review of the literature","volume":"46","author":"West","year":"2017","unstructured":"West\n              S\n            ,\nRowbothamD,\nXiongG,\nKenediC.\n          Clozapine induced gastrointestinal hypomotility: A potentially life threatening adverse event. 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epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control","volume":"9","author":"Helmy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helmy\n              YA\n            ,\nFawzyM,\nElaswadA,\nSobiehA,\nKenneySP,\nShehataAA.\n          The COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review of raxonomy, genetics, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control.\nJCM.\n2020;\n9(4):\n1225.\nDOI: 10.3390\/jcm9041225"},{"issue":"(7798)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b16","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"270","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou\n              P\n            ,\nYangXL,\nWangXG,\nHuB,\nZhangL,\nZhangW,\net al.\n          A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin.\nNature.\n2020;\n579(7798):\n270\u2013\n3"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b17","series-title":"Microbes Infect","first-page":"80","article-title":"The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li\n              J-Y\n            ,\nYouZ,\nWangQ,\nZhouZ-J,\nQiuY,\nLuoR,\net al.\n          The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future.\nMicrobes Infect.\n2020;\n22(2):\n80\u2013\n5.\nDOI: 10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.02.002"},{"article-title":"WHO Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19","year":"2020","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b18","unstructured":"WHO Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 \u2013\nMarch2020."},{"issue":"(30)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b19","series-title":"WJG","first-page":"10577","article-title":"Aerobic exercise improves gastrointestinal motility in psychiatric inpatients","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim\n              YS.\n            \n          \n          Aerobic exercise improves gastrointestinal motility in psychiatric inpatients.\nWJG.\n2014;\n20(30):\n10577.\nDOI: 10.3748\/wjg.v20.i30.10577"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b20","unstructured":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.\nEating, diet, & nutrition for constipation.\nAvailable from: https:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health-information\/digestive-diseases\/constipation\/eating-diet-nutrition","article-title":"Eating, diet, & nutrition for constipation"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b21","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterology","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Mugie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mugie\n              SM\n            ,\nBenningaMA,\nDi LorenzoC.\n          Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review.\nBest Pract Res Clin Gastroenterology.\n2011;\n25(1):\n3\u2013\n18.\nDOI: 10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.010"},{"issue":"(21)","key":"i2168-9709-14-1-68-b22","series-title":"WJG","first-page":"2795","article-title":"Potential risk factors for constipation in the community","volume":"27","author":"Werth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Werth\n              BL\n            ,\nChristopherS-A.\n          Potential risk factors for constipation in the community.\nWJG.\n2021;\n27(21):\n2795\u2013\n817.\nDOI: 10.3748\/wjg.v27.i21.2795"}],"container-title":["Mental Health Clinician"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mhc.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/mhcl\/14\/1\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/mhc\/article-pdf\/14\/1\/68\/3326038\/i2168-9709-14-1-68.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mhc.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/mhcl\/14\/1\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mhc.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/mhcl\/14\/1\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:33:56Z","timestamp":1732062836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhc.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/mhcl\/14\/1\/article-p68.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9740\/mhc.2024.02.068","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-9709"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2168-9709"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}}}