{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T01:11:46Z","timestamp":1772500306698,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Deaths related to opioid overdoses continue to climb, and there remains a need for innovative strategies to address this ongoing crisis. Harm reduction (HR), a nonjudgmental philosophy aimed at reducing consequences associated with drug use and other potentially unsafe behavior, has emerged as a compassionate and effective approach. Harm reduction further emphasizes overdose prevention and fosters a shift in perspective that recognizes substance use disorder as a disease and not a moral failing. The tenets of HR collectively advocate for the well-being of individuals who use substances and support any positive change as defined by the individual. Given the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with substance misuse and barriers or ambivalence to receiving treatment, awareness of and advocacy for HR practice is essential. This manuscript aims to describe evidence-based HR interventions, provide a foundation for the implementation of services, and further promote the importance of providing humanistic care without judgment. As valued members of the multidisciplinary treatment team, Board-Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists should implement and engage in HR services in the settings where people with substance use disorders receive care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2024.08.253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:02:05Z","timestamp":1722556925000},"page":"253-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the harm reduction paradigm: the role of Board-Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists"],"prefix":"10.9740","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5960-1941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amber R.","family":"Douglass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7875-3403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashley","family":"Maister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacist Practitioner - Mental Health, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-8335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen E.","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Professor, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2963-0589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron","family":"Salwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Behavioral Health, Montefiore Nyack Hospital, Nyack, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-5862","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anuja","family":"Vallabh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUD\/MH Clinical Pharmacist Practitioner, VISN 12 Clinical Resource Hub - Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2278-1018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristin","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Clinical Professor, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8592-7280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory H.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Strategic Initiatives, American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists, Lincoln, Nebraska"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4719","reference":[{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b01","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association\n . 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DOI: 10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b29","series-title":"Harm Reduct J","first-page":"28","article-title":"Contraception use among individuals with substance use disorder increases tenfold with patient-centered, mobile services: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"20","author":"Hurley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hurley\n EA,\n \n \n Goggin\n K,\n \n \n Pi\u00f1a-Brugman\n K,\n \n \n Noel-MacDonnell\n JR,\n \n \n Allen\n A,\n \n \n Finocchario-Kessler\n S,\n \n et al.\n Contraception use among individuals with substance use disorder increases tenfold with patient-centered, mobile services: a quasi-experimental study. Harm Reduct J. 2023;20(1):28. 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DOI: 10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.09.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b35","series-title":"Harm Reduct J","first-page":"3","article-title":"Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study","volume":"16","author":"Goldman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goldman\n JE,\n \n \n Waye\n KM,\n \n \n Periera\n KA,\n \n \n Krieger\n MS,\n \n \n Yedinak\n JL,\n \n \n Marshall\n BDL.\n \n \n Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study. Harm Reduct J. 2019;16(1):3. DOI: 10.1186\/s12954-018-0276-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b36","series-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc","first-page":"295","article-title":"A pilot study assessing client understanding and use of fentanyl test strips for harm reduction","volume":"63","author":"Barrolle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barrolle\n AA,\n \n \n Gable\n KN,\n \n \n Dell\n N.\n \n \n A pilot study assessing client understanding and use of fentanyl test strips for harm reduction. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2023;63(1):295\u2013300. DOI: 10.1016\/j.japh.2022.09.018"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b37","series-title":"Harm Reduct J","first-page":"7","article-title":"High willingness to use rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs","volume":"15","author":"Krieger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krieger\n MS,\n \n \n Yedinak\n JL,\n \n \n Buxton\n JA,\n \n \n Lysyshyn\n M,\n \n \n Bernstein\n E,\n \n \n Sherman\n SG,\n \n et al.\n High willingness to use rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs. Harm Reduct J. 2018;15(1):7. DOI: 10.1186\/s12954-018-0213-2"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b38","series-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend","first-page":"109380","article-title":"Xylazine spreads across the US: a growing component of the increasingly synthetic and polysubstance overdose crisis","volume":"233","author":"Friedman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Friedman\n J,\n \n \n Montero\n F,\n \n \n Bourgois\n P,\n \n \n Wahbi\n R,\n \n \n Dye\n D,\n \n \n Goodman-Meza\n D,\n \n et al.\n Xylazine spreads across the US: a growing component of the increasingly synthetic and polysubstance overdose crisis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022;233:109380. DOI: 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109380"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b39","series-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend Rep","first-page":"100074","article-title":"Perspectives of people in Philadelphia who use fentanyl\/heroin adulterated with the animal tranquilizer xylazine; Making a case for xylazine test strips","volume":"4","author":"Reed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reed\n MK,\n \n \n Imperato\n NS,\n \n \n Bowles\n JM,\n \n \n Salcedo\n VJ,\n \n \n Guth\n A,\n \n \n Rising\n KL.\n \n \n Perspectives of people in Philadelphia who use fentanyl\/heroin adulterated with the animal tranquilizer xylazine; Making a case for xylazine test strips. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2022;4:100074. DOI: 10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100074"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b40","article-title":"Evaluation of xylazine test strips (BTNX) for drug checking purposes","author":"Center for Forensic Science Research and Education [Internet].","year":"2024","unstructured":"Center for Forensic Science Research and Education [Internet].\n \n Evaluation of xylazine test strips (BTNX) for drug checking purposes; c2024 [updated 2023 Mar 22; cited 2023 Dec 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/nps-discovery\/drug-checking\/evaluation-of-xylazine-test-strips-btnx-for-drug-checking-purposes"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b41","series-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc","first-page":"234","article-title":"Implementing syringe services programs within the Veterans Health Administration: facility experiences and next steps","volume":"63","author":"Rife-Pennington","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rife-Pennington\n T,\n \n \n Dinges\n E,\n \n \n Ho\n MQ.\n \n \n Implementing syringe services programs within the Veterans Health Administration: facility experiences and next steps. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2023;63(1):234\u201340. DOI: 10.1016\/j.japh.2022.10.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b42","series-title":"Harm Reduct J","first-page":"41","article-title":"Differences in drug use behaviors that impact overdose risk among individuals who do and do not use fentanyl test strips for drug checking","volume":"20","author":"Tilhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tilhou\n AS,\n \n \n Zaborek\n J,\n \n \n Baltes\n A,\n \n \n Salisbury-Afshar\n E,\n \n \n Malicki\n J,\n \n \n Brown\n R.\n \n \n Differences in drug use behaviors that impact overdose risk among individuals who do and do not use fentanyl test strips for drug checking. Harm Reduct J. 2023;20(1):41. DOI: 10.1186\/s12954-023-00767-0"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b43","article-title":"Drug paraphernalia: summary of state laws [Internet]","author":"Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association, editors.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association, editors.\n \n Drug paraphernalia: summary of state laws [Internet]. Washington, DC: Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association; 2022. [cited 2023 Dec 7]. Available from: https:\/\/legislativeanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Drug-Paraphernalia-Summary-of-State-Laws-FINAL.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b44","series-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices","volume":"67","author":"Schillie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schillie\n S,\n \n \n Vellozzi\n C,\n \n \n Reingold\n A,\n \n \n Harris\n A,\n \n \n Haber\n P,\n \n \n Ward\n JW,\n \n et al.\n Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2018;67(1):1\u201331. DOI: 10.15585\/mmwr.rr6701a1"},{"issue":"5","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b45","series-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Nelson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nelson\n NP,\n \n \n Weng\n MK,\n \n \n Hofmeister\n MG,\n \n \n Moore\n KL,\n \n \n Doshani\n M,\n \n \n Kamili\n S,\n \n et al.\n Prevention of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2020. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2020;69(5):1\u201338. DOI: 10.15585\/mmwr.rr6905a1"},{"issue":"2","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b46","series-title":"Scand J Infect Dis","first-page":"131","article-title":"Progressive decrease of hepatitis B in a cohort of drug users followed over a period of 15 years: the impact of anti-HBV vaccination","volume":"36","author":"Lugoboni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lugoboni\n F,\n \n \n Migliozzi\n S,\n \n \n Mezzelani\n P,\n \n \n Pajusco\n B,\n \n \n Ceravolo\n R,\n \n \n Quaglio\n G.\n \n \n Progressive decrease of hepatitis B in a cohort of drug users followed over a period of 15 years: the impact of anti-HBV vaccination. Scand J Infect Dis. 2004;36(2):131. DOI: 10.1080\/00365540310018833"},{"issue":"5","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b47","series-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc","first-page":"1499","article-title":"The impact of pharmacist involvement on immunization uptake and other outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Le","year":"2022","unstructured":"Le\n LM,\n \n \n Veettil\n SK,\n \n \n Donaldson\n D,\n \n \n Kategeaw\n W,\n \n \n Hutubessy\n R,\n \n \n Lambach\n P,\n \n et al.\n The impact of pharmacist involvement on immunization uptake and other outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2022;62(5):1499\u2013513.e16. DOI: 10.1016\/j.japh.2022.06.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b48","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am","first-page":"992","article-title":"Risks of chronicity following acute hepatitis B virus infection: a review","volume":"20","author":"Hyams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hyams\n KC.\n \n \n Risks of chronicity following acute hepatitis B virus infection: a review. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1995;20(4):992\u20131000. DOI: 10.1093\/clinids\/20.4.992"},{"issue":"2","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b49","series-title":"Hepatology","first-page":"388","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988\u20102012","volume":"63","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberts\n H,\n \n \n Kruszon-Moran\n D,\n \n \n Ly\n KN,\n \n \n Hughes\n E,\n \n \n Iqbal\n K,\n \n \n Jiles\n RB,\n \n et al.\n Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988\u20102012. Hepatology. 2016;63(2):388\u201397. DOI: 10.1002\/hep.28109"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b50","article-title":"Hepatitis A [Internet]","author":"Foster","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foster\n MA,\n \n \n Haber\n P,\n \n \n Nelson\n NP.\n \n \n Hepatitis A [Internet]. Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021 [cited 2023 Oct 16]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/pubs\/pinkbook\/hepa.html"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b51","article-title":"HIV infection, risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among persons who inject drugs","author":"NHBS Study Group.","year":"2020","unstructured":"NHBS Study Group.\n \n HIV infection, risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among persons who inject drugs. HIV Surveillance Special Report 24 [Internet]. Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020 [cited 2023 Dec 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-24.pdf"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b52","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection: a guide for primary health care providers [Internet]","author":"National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, editors.","year":"2020","unstructured":"National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, editors.\n \n Latent tuberculosis infection: a guide for primary health care providers [Internet]. Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020 [cited 2023 Aug 28]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/publications\/ltbi\/pdf\/LTBIbooklet508.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b53","series-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC Recommendations for hepatitis c screening among adults\u2014United States, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Schillie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schillie\n S,\n \n \n Wester\n C,\n \n \n Osborne\n M,\n \n \n Wesolowski\n L,\n \n \n Ryerson\n AB.\n \n \n CDC Recommendations for hepatitis c screening among adults\u2014United States, 2020. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2020;69(2):1\u201317. DOI: 10.15585\/mmwr.rr6902a1"},{"issue":"4","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b54","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Workowski\n KA,\n \n \n Bachmann\n LH,\n \n \n Chan\n PA,\n \n \n Johnston\n CM,\n \n \n Muzny\n CA,\n \n \n Park\n I,\n \n et al.\n Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. 2021;70(4). DOI: 10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b55","article-title":"Implementing HIV testing in nonclinical settings: a guide for HIV testing providers [Internet]","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2016","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n . Implementing HIV testing in nonclinical settings: a guide for HIV testing providers [Internet]. Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016 [cited 2023 Aug 28]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/testing\/cdc_hiv_implementing_hiv_testing_in_nonclinical_settings.pdf"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b56","article-title":"Point-of-care testing (POCT)","author":"National Community Pharmacist Association [Internet].","year":"2024","unstructured":"National Community Pharmacist Association [Internet].\n \n Point-of-care testing (POCT); c2024 [cited 2023 Aug 28]. Available from: https:\/\/ncpa.org\/point-care-testing-poct#:\u223c:text=Requirements%20for%20POCT%20in%20pharmacies,certification)%2C%20or%20written%20protocols"},{"issue":"7","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b57","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofz316","article-title":"Expanding hepatitis C virus care and cure: national experience using a clinical pharmacist\u2013driven model","volume":"6","author":"Koren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koren\n DE,\n \n \n Zuckerman\n A,\n \n \n Teply\n R,\n \n \n Nabulsi\n NA,\n \n \n Lee\n TA,\n \n \n Martin\n MT.\n \n \n Expanding hepatitis C virus care and cure: national experience using a clinical pharmacist\u2013driven model. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(7):ofz316. DOI: 10.1093\/ofid\/ofz316"},{"issue":"6","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b58","series-title":"J Pharm Pract","first-page":"655","article-title":"Utilizing clinical pharmacist specialist to manage hepatitis C virus patients on direct-acting antiviral therapy","volume":"32","author":"Mikolas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mikolas\n LA,\n \n \n Jacques\n K,\n \n \n Huq\n M,\n \n \n Krasner\n C,\n \n \n Mambourg\n SE.\n \n \n Utilizing clinical pharmacist specialist to manage hepatitis C virus patients on direct-acting antiviral therapy. J Pharm Pract. 2019;32(6):655\u201363. DOI: 10.1177\/0897190018777345"},{"issue":"3","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b59","series-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm","first-page":"364","article-title":"Outcomes of pharmacy-led hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral utilization management at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang\n S,\n \n \n Britt\n RB,\n \n \n Hashem\n MG,\n \n \n Brown\n JN.\n \n \n Outcomes of pharmacy-led hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral utilization management at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017;23(3):364\u20139. DOI: 10.18553\/jmcp.2017.23.3.364"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b60","series-title":"Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm","first-page":"100215","article-title":"The role of community pharmacies in the HIV and HCV care continuum","volume":"9","author":"Kherghehpoush","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kherghehpoush\n S,\n \n \n McKeirnan\n KC.\n \n \n The role of community pharmacies in the HIV and HCV care continuum. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2023;9:100215. DOI: 10.1016\/j.rcsop.2022.100215"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b61","series-title":"Prev Chronic Dis","first-page":"220129","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of a collaborative, pharmacy-based hepatitis C and HIV screening program","volume":"19","author":"Klepser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Klepser\n DG,\n \n \n Klepser\n ME,\n \n \n Peters\n PJ,\n \n \n Hoover\n KW,\n \n \n Weidle\n PJ.\n \n \n Implementation and evaluation of a collaborative, pharmacy-based hepatitis C and HIV screening program. Prev Chronic Dis. 2022;19:220129. DOI: 10.5888\/pcd19.220129"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b62","series-title":"Integr Pharm Res Pract","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pharmacist-led screening in sexually transmitted infections: current perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Wood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wood\n H,\n \n \n Gudka\n S.\n \n \n Pharmacist-led screening in sexually transmitted infections: current perspectives. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2018;7:67\u201382. DOI: 10.2147\/IPRP.S140426"},{"issue":"2","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b63","series-title":"Subst Abuse","first-page":"240","article-title":"A review of opioid overdose prevention and naloxone prescribing: implications for translating community programming into clinical practice","volume":"36","author":"Mueller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mueller\n SR,\n \n \n Walley\n AY,\n \n \n Calcaterra\n SL,\n \n \n Glanz\n JM,\n \n \n Binswanger\n IA.\n \n \n A review of opioid overdose prevention and naloxone prescribing: implications for translating community programming into clinical practice. Subst Abuse. 2015;36(2):240\u201353. DOI: 10.1080\/08897077.2015.1010032"},{"issue":"6","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b64","series-title":"JAMA Intern Med","first-page":"805","article-title":"Association between state laws facilitating pharmacy distribution of naloxone and risk of fatal overdose","volume":"179","author":"Abouk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abouk\n R,\n \n \n Pacula\n RL,\n \n \n Powell\n D.\n \n \n Association between state laws facilitating pharmacy distribution of naloxone and risk of fatal overdose. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(6):805. DOI: 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0272"},{"issue":"7","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b65","series-title":"JAMA Netw Open","first-page":"e2222153","article-title":"Overdose prevention centers: an essential strategy to address the overdose crisis","volume":"5","author":"Samuels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samuels\n EA,\n \n \n Bailer\n DA,\n \n \n Yolken\n A.\n \n \n Overdose prevention centers: an essential strategy to address the overdose crisis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(7):e2222153. DOI: 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22153"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b66","article-title":"Supervised injection facilities and other supervised consumption sites: effectiveness and value; final evidence report [Internet]","author":"Institute for Clinical and Economic Review","year":"2021","unstructured":"Institute for Clinical and Economic Review\n . Supervised injection facilities and other supervised consumption sites: effectiveness and value; final evidence report [Internet]. Boston: Institute for Clinical and Economic Review; 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 8]. Available from: https:\/\/icer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ICER_SIF_Final-Evidence-Report_010821.pdf"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b67","article-title":"Supervised consumption services [Internet]","author":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use.","year":"2017","unstructured":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use.\n \n Supervised consumption services [Internet]. Vancouver: British Columbia Centre on Substance Use; 2017 [cited 2023 Nov 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bccsu.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/BC-SCS-Operational-Guidance.pdf"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b68","article-title":"Drug consumption rooms: saving lives, making communities safer [Internet]","author":"Powell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Powell\n M.\n \n \n Drug consumption rooms: saving lives, making communities safer [Internet]. Bristol: Transform Drug Policy Foundation; 2019 [cited 2023 Nov 1]. Available from: https:\/\/transformdrugs.org\/assets\/files\/PDFs\/drug-consumption-rooms-briefing-2019.pdf"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b69","article-title":"Overdose prevention centers: frequently asked questions [Internet]","author":"New York City Health.","year":"2023","unstructured":"New York City Health.\n \n Overdose prevention centers: frequently asked questions [Internet]. New York: New York City Health; 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 1]. Available from: www.nyc.gov\/assets\/doh\/downloads\/pdf\/basas\/overdose-prevention-centers-faq.pdf"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b70","article-title":"In Philadelphia, judges rule against opening \u201csupervised\u201d site to inject opioids","author":"Feldman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feldman\n N.\n \n \n In Philadelphia, judges rule against opening \u201csupervised\u201d site to inject opioids. 2021 Jan 14 [cited 2023 Nov 1]. In: NPR. Shots \u2013 Health News [Internet]. Washington, DC: NPR: c2024; [about 5 screens]. 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DOI: 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22149"},{"issue":"10","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b72","series-title":"JAMA Psychiatry","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Contingency management for patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Bol\u00edvar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bol\u00edvar\n HA,\n \n \n Klemperer\n EM,\n \n \n Coleman\n SRM,\n \n \n DeSarno\n M,\n \n \n Skelly\n JM,\n \n \n Higgins\n ST.\n \n \n Contingency management for patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(10):1092. DOI: 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.1969"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b73","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"3","article-title":"Methamphetamine use in the United States: epidemiological update and implications for prevention, treatment, and harm reduction","volume":"1508","author":"Jones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jones\n CM,\n \n \n Houry\n D,\n \n \n Han\n B,\n \n \n Baldwin\n G,\n \n \n Vivolo\u2010Kantor\n A,\n \n \n Compton\n WM.\n \n \n Methamphetamine use in the United States: epidemiological update and implications for prevention, treatment, and harm reduction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2022;1508(1):3\u201322. DOI: 10.1111\/nyas.14688"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b74","article-title":"US Public Health Service: Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in the United States - 2021 Update, A Clinical Practice Guideline [Internet]","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, editors.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, editors.\n \n US Public Health Service: Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in the United States - 2021 Update, A Clinical Practice Guideline [Internet]. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services; 2021 [cited 2023 Aug 7]. 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DOI:10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61127-7"},{"issue":"7","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b76","series-title":"AIDS","first-page":"819","article-title":"The impact of adherence to preexposure prophylaxis on the risk of HIV infection among people who inject drugs","volume":"29","author":"Martin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martin\n M,\n \n \n Vanichseni\n S,\n \n \n Suntharasamai\n P,\n \n \n Sangkum\n U,\n \n \n Mock\n PA,\n \n \n Leethochawalit\n M,\n \n et al.\n The impact of adherence to preexposure prophylaxis on the risk of HIV infection among people who inject drugs. AIDS. 2015;29(7):819\u201324. DOI: 10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000613"},{"issue":"10246","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b77","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"239","article-title":"Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (DISCOVER): primary results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"396","author":"Mayer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mayer\n KH,\n \n \n Molina\n JM,\n \n \n Thompson\n MA,\n \n \n Anderson\n PL,\n \n \n Mounzer\n KC,\n \n \n De Wet\n JJ,\n \n et al.\n Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (DISCOVER): primary results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10246):239\u201354. DOI: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31065-5"},{"issue":"7","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b78","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"595","article-title":"Cabotegravir for HIV prevention in cisgender men and transgender women","volume":"385","author":"Landovitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Landovitz\n RJ,\n \n \n Donnell\n D,\n \n \n Clement\n ME,\n \n \n Hanscom\n B,\n \n \n Cottle\n L,\n \n \n Coelho\n L,\n \n et al.\n Cabotegravir for HIV prevention in cisgender men and transgender women. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(7):595\u2013608. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMoa2101016"},{"issue":"10","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b79","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofz365","article-title":"Acceptability and feasibility of a pharmacist-led human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis program in the Midwestern United States","volume":"6","author":"Havens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Havens\n JP,\n \n \n Scarsi\n KK,\n \n \n Sayles\n H,\n \n \n Klepser\n DG,\n \n \n Swindells\n S,\n \n \n Bares\n SH.\n \n \n Acceptability and feasibility of a pharmacist-led human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis program in the Midwestern United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(10):ofz365. DOI: 10.1093\/ofid\/ofz365"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b80","series-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc","first-page":"138","article-title":"Implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis at a community pharmacy through a collaborative practice agreement with San Francisco Department of Public Health","volume":"60","author":"Lopez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lopez\n MI,\n \n \n Cocohoba\n J,\n \n \n Cohen\n SE,\n \n \n Trainor\n N,\n \n \n Levy\n MM,\n \n \n Dong\n BJ.\n \n \n Implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis at a community pharmacy through a collaborative practice agreement with San Francisco Department of Public Health. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2020;60(1):138\u201344. DOI: 10.1016\/j.japh.2019.06.021"},{"issue":"8","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b81","series-title":"Sex Transm Dis","first-page":"507","article-title":"Iowa TelePrEP: a public-health-partnered telehealth model for human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis delivery in a rural state","volume":"46","author":"Hoth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoth\n AB,\n \n \n Shafer\n C,\n \n \n Dillon\n DB,\n \n \n Mayer\n R,\n \n \n Walton\n G,\n \n \n Ohl\n ME.\n \n \n Iowa TelePrEP: a public-health-partnered telehealth model for human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis delivery in a rural state. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46(8):507\u201312. DOI: 10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001017"},{"issue":"6","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b82","series-title":"Am J Public Health","first-page":"859","article-title":"Pharmacists in HIV prevention: an untapped potential","volume":"109","author":"Myers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Myers\n JE,\n \n \n Farhat\n D,\n \n \n Guzman\n A,\n \n \n Arya\n V.\n \n \n Pharmacists in HIV prevention: an untapped potential. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(6):859\u201361. DOI: 10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305057"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b83","article-title":"Pharmacist Prescribing: HIV PrEP and PEP","author":"National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations [Internet].","year":"2024","unstructured":"National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations [Internet].\n \n Pharmacist Prescribing: HIV PrEP and PEP; c2024 [updated 2022 Dec 9; cited 2023 Aug 7]. 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Available from: canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/opioids\/responding-canada-opioid-crisis\/safer-supply.html"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b88","series-title":"Int J Drug Policy","first-page":"103400","article-title":"Outcomes of Ottawa, Canada\u2019s Managed Opioid Program (MOP) where supervised injectable hydromorphone was paired with assisted housing","volume":"98","author":"Harris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harris\n MT,\n \n \n Seliga\n RK,\n \n \n Fairbairn\n N,\n \n \n Nolan\n S,\n \n \n Walley\n AY,\n \n \n Weinstein\n ZM,\n \n et al.\n Outcomes of Ottawa, Canada\u2019s Managed Opioid Program (MOP) where supervised injectable hydromorphone was paired with assisted housing. Int J Drug Policy. 2021;98:103400. DOI: 10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103400"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b89","article-title":"Knowledge update: post-mortem detection of hydromorphone among persons identified as having an illicit drug toxicity death since the introduction of risk mitigation guidance prescribing [Internet]","author":"BC Centre for Disease Control, editors.","year":"2021","unstructured":"BC Centre for Disease Control, editors.\n \n Knowledge update: post-mortem detection of hydromorphone among persons identified as having an illicit drug toxicity death since the introduction of risk mitigation guidance prescribing [Internet]. Vancouver: Provincial Health Services Authority; 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 2]. 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Available from: https:\/\/lihc.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2021-SOS-Evaluation-Full.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b91","series-title":"JAMA Psychiatry","first-page":"447","article-title":"Hydromorphone compared with diacetylmorphine for long-term opioid dependence: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Oviedo-Joekes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oviedo-Joekes\n E,\n \n \n Guh\n D,\n \n \n Brissette\n S,\n \n \n Marchand\n K,\n \n \n MacDonald\n S,\n \n \n Lock\n K,\n \n et al.\n Hydromorphone compared with diacetylmorphine for long-term opioid dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(5):447. DOI: 10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0109"},{"issue":"6","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b92","series-title":"Addiction","first-page":"994","article-title":"Clarifying \u2018safer supply\u2019 to enrich policy discussions","volume":"118","author":"Kilmer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kilmer\n B,\n \n \n Pardo\n B.\n \n \n Clarifying \u2018safer supply\u2019 to enrich policy discussions. Addiction. 2023;118(6):994\u20137. doi:10.1111\/add.16124"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b93","article-title":"It\u2019s important to safely remove opioids from your home [Internet]","author":"US Food & Drug Administration, editors.","year":"2021","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration, editors.\n \n It\u2019s important to safely remove opioids from your home [Internet]. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 2.] Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/123330\/download?attachment"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b94","series-title":"Int J Drug Policy","first-page":"104045","article-title":"Patients prefer free drug disposal options delivered by pharmacists at the point of care: Results of a decision tree analysis of a national factorial vignette panel survey","volume":"116","author":"Varisco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Varisco\n T,\n \n \n Patel\n H,\n \n \n Saadi\n RA,\n \n \n Wanat\n M,\n \n \n Thornton\n D.\n \n \n Patients prefer free drug disposal options delivered by pharmacists at the point of care: Results of a decision tree analysis of a national factorial vignette panel survey. Int J Drug Policy. 2023;116:104045. DOI: 10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104045"},{"issue":"2","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b95","series-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc","first-page":"413","article-title":"A safe in-home disposal system with every opioid prescription? Food and Drug Administration is considering a potential new Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy that could impact pharmacists","volume":"62","author":"Stubbings","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stubbings\n J,\n \n \n Crawford\n SY,\n \n \n Menighan\n TE.\n \n \n A safe in-home disposal system with every opioid prescription? Food and Drug Administration is considering a potential new Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy that could impact pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2022;62(2):413\u20138. DOI: 10.1016\/j.japh.2021.11.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b96","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","first-page":"235","article-title":"Are needle and syringe programmes associated with a reduction in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Aspinall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aspinall\n EJ,\n \n \n Nambiar\n D,\n \n \n Goldberg\n DJ,\n \n \n Hickman\n M,\n \n \n Weir\n A,\n \n \n Van Velzen\n E,\n \n et al.\n Are needle and syringe programmes associated with a reduction in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):235\u201348. DOI: 10.1093\/ije\/dyt243"},{"issue":"11","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b97","series-title":"AIDS","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Effectiveness of syringe exchange programs in reducing HIV risk behavior and HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users","volume":"15","author":"Gibson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gibson\n DR,\n \n \n Flynn\n NM,\n \n \n Perales\n D.\n \n \n Effectiveness of syringe exchange programs in reducing HIV risk behavior and HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users. AIDS. 2001;15(11):1329\u201341. DOI: 10.1097\/00002030-200107270-00002"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b98","series-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend","first-page":"214","article-title":"Higher syringe coverage is associated with lower odds of HIV risk and does not increase unsafe syringe disposal among syringe exchange program clients","volume":"89","author":"Bluthenthal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bluthenthal\n RN,\n \n \n Anderson\n R,\n \n \n Flynn\n NM,\n \n \n Kral\n AH.\n \n \n Higher syringe coverage is associated with lower odds of HIV risk and does not increase unsafe syringe disposal among syringe exchange program clients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;89(2-3):214\u201322. DOI: 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.035"},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b99","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"138S","article-title":"The impact of syringe services program policy on risk behaviors among persons who inject drugs in 3 US cities, 2005-2015","volume":"135","author":"Nassau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nassau\n T,\n \n \n Al-Tayyib\n A,\n \n \n Robinson\n WT,\n \n \n Shinefeld\n J,\n \n \n Brady\n KA.\n \n \n The impact of syringe services program policy on risk behaviors among persons who inject drugs in 3 US cities, 2005-2015. Public Health Rep. 2020;135(1_suppl):138S\u201348S. DOI: 10.1177\/0033354920930137"},{"issue":"3","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b100","series-title":"Addiction","first-page":"545","article-title":"Needle and syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: findings from a Cochrane Review and meta-analysis: OST and NSP to prevent HCV transmission","volume":"113","author":"Platt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Platt\n L,\n \n \n Minozzi\n S,\n \n \n Reed\n J,\n \n \n Vickerman\n P,\n \n \n Hagan\n H,\n \n \n French\n C,\n \n et al.\n Needle and syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: findings from a Cochrane Review and meta-analysis: OST and NSP to prevent HCV transmission. Addiction. 2018;113(3):545\u201363. DOI: 10.1111\/add.14012"},{"issue":"3","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b101","series-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat","first-page":"247","article-title":"Reduced injection frequency and increased entry and retention in drug treatment associated with needle-exchange participation in Seattle drug injectors","volume":"19","author":"Hagan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hagan\n H,\n \n \n McGough\n JP,\n \n \n Thiede\n H,\n \n \n Hopkins\n S,\n \n \n Duchin\n J,\n \n \n Alexander\n ER.\n \n \n Reduced injection frequency and increased entry and retention in drug treatment associated with needle-exchange participation in Seattle drug injectors. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2000;19(3):247\u201352. DOI: 10.1016\/S0740-5472(00)00104-5"},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b102","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"128S","article-title":"State laws governing syringe services programs and participant syringe possession, 2014-2019","volume":"135","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vi\u00f1a","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vi\u00f1a\n MH,\n \n \n Prood\n NE,\n \n \n Herpolsheimer\n A,\n \n \n Waimberg\n J,\n \n \n Burris\n S.\n \n \n State laws governing syringe services programs and participant syringe possession, 2014-2019. Public Health Rep. 2020;135(1_suppl):128S\u201337S. DOI: 10.1177\/0033354920921817"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b103","series-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil","first-page":"127","article-title":"The role of the pharmacist in combating the opioid crisis: an update","volume":"13","author":"Kosobuski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kosobuski\n L,\n \n \n O\u2019Donnell\n C,\n \n \n Koh-Knox Sharp\n CP,\n \n \n Chen\n N,\n \n \n Palombi\n L.\n \n \n The role of the pharmacist in combating the opioid crisis: an update. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2022;13:127\u201338. DOI: 10.2147\/SAR.S351096"},{"issue":"2","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b104","series-title":"Ment Health Clin","first-page":"36","article-title":"Psychotropic stewardship: advancing patient care","volume":"13","author":"Haight","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haight\n RJ,\n \n \n Di Polito\n CN,\n \n \n Payne\n GH,\n \n \n Bostwick\n JR,\n \n \n Fulbright\n A,\n \n \n Lister\n JF,\n \n et al.\n Psychotropic stewardship: advancing patient care. Ment Health Clin. 2023;13(2):36\u201348. DOI: 10.9740\/mhc.2023.04.036"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b105","article-title":"AAPP practice expansion toolkit: facilitating change to develop a practice position in psychiatric pharmacy [Internet]","author":"Caley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caley\n C.\n \n \n AAPP practice expansion toolkit: facilitating change to develop a practice position in psychiatric pharmacy [Internet]. Lincoln: The American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists; 2023 [cited 2023 Dec 8]. 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DOI: 10.1016\/j.idc.2020.06.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b107","series-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc","first-page":"389","article-title":"Impact of a statewide community pharmacy approach to opioid harm reduction","volume":"63","author":"Sexton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sexton\n SM,\n \n \n Marciniak\n MW,\n \n \n Gatton\n O,\n \n \n Shelton\n P.\n \n \n Impact of a statewide community pharmacy approach to opioid harm reduction. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2023;63(1):389\u201395.e1. DOI: 10.1016\/j.japh.2022.10.020"},{"issue":"2","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b108","series-title":"J Am Coll Clin Pharm","first-page":"140","article-title":"Development of the core outcome set for psychiatric pharmacists (COS-PP)","volume":"7","author":"Reinstatler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reinstatler\n K,\n \n \n Cobb\n C,\n \n \n Lister\n JF,\n \n \n Parmentier\n B,\n \n \n Payne\n G,\n \n \n Santos\n R.\n \n \n Development of the core outcome set for psychiatric pharmacists (COS-PP). J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2024;7(2):140\u20138. DOI: 10.1002\/jac5.1917"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b109","series-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc","first-page":"241","article-title":"Implementation of academic detailing for pharmacists on opioid use disorder and harm reduction","volume":"62","author":"DiPaula","year":"2022","unstructured":"DiPaula\n BA,\n \n \n Cooke\n CE,\n \n \n Boyle\n CJ,\n \n \n Love\n RC.\n \n \n Implementation of academic detailing for pharmacists on opioid use disorder and harm reduction. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2022;62(1):241\u20136. 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DOI: 10.2217\/pmt-2017-0065"},{"issue":"5","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b112","series-title":"Health Serv Res","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Implementation evaluation of academic detailing on naloxone prescribing trends at the United States Veterans Health Administration","volume":"54","author":"Bounthavong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bounthavong\n M,\n \n \n Devine\n EB,\n \n \n Christopher\n MLD,\n \n \n Harvey\n MA,\n \n \n Veenstra\n DL,\n \n \n Basu\n A.\n \n \n Implementation evaluation of academic detailing on naloxone prescribing trends at the United States Veterans Health Administration. Health Serv Res. 2019;54(5):1055\u201364. DOI: 10.1111\/1475-6773.13194"},{"issue":"13","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b113","series-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology","first-page":"2230","article-title":"Choosing appropriate language to reduce the stigma around mental illness and substance use disorders","volume":"46","author":"Volkow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Volkow\n ND,\n \n \n Gordon\n JA,\n \n \n Koob\n GF.\n \n \n Choosing appropriate language to reduce the stigma around mental illness and substance use disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021;46(13):2230\u20132. DOI: 10.1038\/s41386-021-01069-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b114","series-title":"J Addict Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medications for addiction treatment: changing language to improve care","volume":"11","author":"Wakeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wakeman\n SE.\n \n \n Medications for addiction treatment: changing language to improve care. J Addict Med. 2017;11(1):1\u20132. 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DOI: 10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000357"},{"key":"i2168-9709-14-4-253-b119","article-title":"AAPP pharmacist toolkit: harm reduction strategies for people who inject drugs [Internet]","author":"Stock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stock\n C,\n \n \n Geier\n M,\n \n \n Nowicki\n K.\n \n \n AAPP pharmacist toolkit: harm reduction strategies for people who inject drugs [Internet]. Lincoln: American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists; 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 2]. 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